Perilampus tristis Mayr, 1905

Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan & Koutsoukos, Evangelos, 2023, Perilampus neglectus and other neglected species: new records of Palaearctic Perilampidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea), with a key to European species of Perilampus, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 96, pp. 57-99 : 57

Perilampus tristis Mayr, 1905

Fig. 18

Perilampus tristis Mayr, 1905: 566.

Perilampus batavus Smits van Burgst, 1919: 146. Synonymy by Ruschka (1924: 93).

Perilampus capitatus Smulyan, 1936: 397. Synonymy by Steffan (1952: 72).

Perilampus orcula Nikol’skaya, 1952. Synonymy by Bouček (1983: 119).

Diagnosis.

Head, mesosoma and metasoma black; mesosoma rarely with faint bluish or bronze reflections; female flagellum brown, ventrally reddish-brown. Body size: 1.50-2.75 mm. Head shape in frontal view (Fig. 18A, B ) much wider than high. Head in lateral view not unusually long, without distinct sulcus separating posterior eye margin from temple. Clypeal margin (Fig. 18A, B ) truncate to slightly convex. Supraclypeal area (Fig. 18A, B ) slightly transverse (less than 1.5 × as wide as high), sides slightly defined; in males without oval lateral impressions. Malar sulcus versus anterior margin of malar depression about equal in female, shorter in male. Frontal keels (Fig. 18A, B ) poorly developed. Face between scrobes and eye (Fig. 18A, B ) smooth. Face between clypeus and eye (Fig. 18A, B ) smooth. Lateral ocellus small (OOL at least twice the largest ocellar diameter). Funicular segments in female (Fig. 18A ): most segments quadrate to transverse. Male scape (Fig. 18B ) strongly widened distally; ventral pores on about half scape length. Mesosoma (Fig. 18C ) not narrow (less than 1.4 × as long as wide). Mesoscutum sculpture (Fig. 18C ) without smooth median tubercle; interspaces smaller than punctures, smooth to finely striate. Scutellum hind margin (Fig. 18C ) without a double carina, without any protruding projection. Prepectus (Fig. 18D ) narrow, dorsal margin shorter than pronotal collar; poorly defined anteriorly (i.e. suture with pronotum almost indistinct); anterior margin without punctures.

Material examined.

Cyprus: 2♀ " Cyprus: Pera Pedi., 13.vi.1937.", "G.A. Mavromoustakis, B.M. 1937-808", " ♀ Perilampus Perilampus Mayr, Z. Bouček det. 1972" (NHMUK); 1♂ " Cyprus: Limassol, 21.viii.1934, G.A. Mavromoustakis, B.M. 1935-55", "Perilampus Perilampus Mayr ♂, Z. Bouček det. 1981" (NHMUK). Greece: 3♀♀, " Attiki, Zografou, Panepistimioupolis, 37.9719°N, 23.7584°E, v.2020, By Hand, Koutsoukos, V." (MICO); 1♀, " Attiki, Zografou, Panep/lis, 37.97191°N, 23.7584°E, 2.v. 18, 130 m, Coll: Demetriou, J." (MICO); 1♀, " Attiki, Salamina, Kokkinovraxos, 37.9422°N, 23.5020°E, iv.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V." (MICO); 1♀, 1♂, " Attiki, Salamina, Kokkinovraxos, 37.9422°N, 23.5020°E, 30.iv.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V." (MICO); 1♀, " Attiki, Athens, Geoponiko, 37.9832°N, 23.7048°E, 11.ix.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V." (MICO); 1♂, " Attiki, Salamina, Kokkinovraxos, 37.9422°N, 23.5020°E, v.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V." (MICO); 1♂, " Attiki, Salamina, Patris hill, 37.970°N, 23.489°E, x.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V." (MICO); 4♂♂, " Attiki, Salamina, Pilos, 37.92358°N, 23.49558°E, 3.v.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V." (MICO); 1♂, " Attiki, Salamina, Lamprano, 37.8921°N, 23.4266°E, 1.v.2020, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V." (MICO); 1♀, " Attiki, Salamina, Kokkinovraxos, 37.9422°N, 23.5020°E, 17.iv.2021, By hand Leg. Koutsoukos, V." (ZMUA). Romania: 1♀, "MH, P. Fier, Dubova, Ciucaru Mare, 14-16.VII.09, 44°36'01.8"N, 22°15'34.8"E, OP & LF, sweep, 200 m " (MICO); 1♀, " Iași county, Valea lui David Natural Reserve, 11.vi.1999, sweep, Fusu leg." (MICO); 12♀♀, 10♂♂, " Iași county, Breazu village, near Mârzești forest, steppic vegetation, 05.vii.2011, L. Fusu leg." (MICO); 2♂♂, " Tulcea county, Măcin National Parc, meadow, Malaise trap, 23-25.vii.2004, M.-D. Mitroiu leg." (MICO). Spain: 3♀, "Calella d. Costa (Barcelona) Spain, Bouček VI.1971 " (NHMUK); 1♀, " Spain (Granada): La Herradura, 2.vii.74. Z. Bouček”, “BM1974-321”, "Perilampus Perilampus Mayr ♀, Bouček det. 1974" (NHMUK); 2♀, " Spain (Madrid): Escorial, 7.vii.1974. Z. Bouček”, “BM1974-321”, " ♀ P. tristis Mayr, det. Z. Bouček 1981" (NHMUK); 1♀, " Spain (Malaga): Estepona, 29-30.vi.74. Z. Bouček”, “BM1974-321”, "Perilampus Perilampus Mayr ♀, Bouček det. 1974" (NHMUK). Turkey: 1♀, " Turkey, Ankara, 7.viii.1951, S. Erkilic", "ex larva of Carpocapsa pomonella", "Com. Inst. Ent., coll. no. 12540", "Perilampus Perilampus Mayr ♀, G.J. Kerrich det. 1962", "Pres by Com Inst Ent BM 1953-623" (NHMUK); 4♀, 1♂, " Turkey: Kutahya, Murat Dagi. 1200 m, 31.vii.1962 ", "Guichard & Harvey, B.M. 1962-299", "Perilampus Perilampus Mayr ♀, Bouček det. 1981" (NHMUK).

Hosts.

Associated with Cossidae , Gelechiidae , Oecophoridae , Pyralidae , Tortricidae ( Lepidoptera ), Raphidiidae ( Neuroptera ); hyperparasitoid of Tachinidae ( Diptera ), Braconidae , Ichneumonidae ( Hymenoptera ). During our field work, this species was abundantly found on Phlomis fruticosa .

Distribution.

Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czechia, France, Germany, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Peoples’ Republic of China, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. New species to Cyprus, Greece, Spain and Turkey.

Comments.

Perilampus tristis is one of the most easily recognizable species due to the black body colour (Fig. 18 ) and prepectus structure, which is virtually fused with the pronotum, with virtually no suture line separating it from the pronotum, and very narrow (Fig. 18D ).

Figures

Figure 18. Perilampus tristis A female, head in frontal view B male, head in frontal view C female, head and mesosoma, dorsal view D female, prepectus.