Phanaeus substriolatus Balthasar, 1939

Moctezuma, Victor, Halffter, Gonzalo & Lizardo, Viridiana, 2021, The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 61 (2), pp. 447-482 : 459

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.37520/aemnp.2021.025

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:85434EFF-F859-4BBF-8AB5-F50B9BA08771

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821249

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B2B878A-8A26-FFB1-FF60-FED4ECE9FDA7

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Phanaeus substriolatus Balthasar, 1939
status

stat. nov.

Phanaeus substriolatus Balthasar, 1939 View in CoL , stat. rev.

( Figs 14–15 View Figs 14–15 , 36 View Figs 32–42 , 48 View Figs 43–54 , 58 View Figs 55–62 )

Phanaeus substriolatus Balthasar, 1939: 245 View in CoL . Type locality: Mexico.

Type material examined. MEXICO: HOLOTYPE (originally designated by BALTHASAR 1939, examined from photographs; Fig. 15 View Figs 14–15 ): ♂, without specific locality ( NMPC: Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 26349).

Non-type material studied. MEXICO: G UERRERO: 1 ♂ (examined from photographs), Amula ( BMNH: 013667803). OAXACA: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Cerro Colorado, San Juan Bautista Cuicatlán ( VMPM). P UEBLA: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, San Mateo Zoyamazalco, Coyotepec ( VMPM); 1 ♀, Izucar de Matamoros (examined from photographs, BMNH: NHMUK 013667799). U NKNOWN LOCAL I TY: 1 ♂ (examined from photographs, BMNH: NHMUK 013667796).

Diagnosis. Metallic dark blue to black ( Figs 14–15 View Figs 14–15 , 48 View Figs 43–54 , 58 View Figs 55–62 ). Sides of pronotal disc finely granulate, becoming granulorugose on raised outer margin of disc; pronotal disc weakly but coarsely rugose, more sparsely posteriorly ( Figs 14–15 View Figs 14–15 , 48 View Figs 43–54 ). Posteromedial process of pronotum produced into a slender, conical or triangular and elongate denticle ( Figs 36 View Figs 32–42 , 48 View Figs 43–54 ). Anteromedial portion of pronotal disc with two denticles and variable in number of tubercles ( Fig. 48 View Figs 43–54 ). Anterolateral margins of pronotal disc without ridge or line of tubercles ( Figs 48 View Figs 43–54 ). Posterolateral angles of pronotum shorter than posteromedial process and produced into two conical or triangular elongate denticles ( Figs 36 View Figs 32–42 , 48 View Figs 43–54 ). Elytral striae smooth, scabriculous, superficially impressed or partially erased, superficially punctate ( Figs 14–15 View Figs 14–15 ). Elytral interstriae scabriculous, smooth, superficially punctate, flat; I, III, V and VI frequently with lightly roughened integument ( Figs 14–15 View Figs 14–15 ).

Variability. Minor male. Similar to major males, except for the reduction of the secondary sexual characters (i.e., cephalic horn, pronotal processes and posterolateral angles). Particularly, the posterolateral angles and posteromedial process of pronotum are reduced into tree pronotal keels or conical tubercles ( Fig. 15 View Figs 14–15 ). Female. Similar to the male, except for the head showing a trituberculate carina; pronotal sculpture granulate to punctate posteriorly; pronotum with anteromedial black macula, and anteromedial carina followed by a posterior concavity ( Fig. 58 View Figs 55–62 ).

Comments. ARNAUD (1982b: 125) established the synonymy between P. substriolatus ( Figs 14–15 View Figs 14–15 , 36 View Figs 32–42 , 48 View Figs 43–54 , 58 View Figs 55–62 ) and P. daphnis ( Figs 11–13 View Figs 10–12 View Fig , 35 View Figs 32–42 , 46 View Figs 43–54 , 57 View Figs 55–62 ), which was followed by subsequent authors ( EDMONDS 1994, ARNAUD 2002, EDMONDS & ZÍDEK 2012). After examining the holotype ( Fig. 15 View Figs 14–15 ) and additional material ( Figs 14 View Figs 14–15 , 36 View Figs 32–42 , 48 View Figs 43–54 , 58 View Figs 55–62 ), we suggest that P. substriolatus deserves full species status because it has a unique combination of characters: the dark blue to black colouration is unique of this species ( Figs 14–15 View Figs 14–15 , 48 View Figs 43–54 , 58 View Figs 55–62 ; dark blue with turquoise sheen in P. coeruleus , Figs 13 View Fig , 47 View Figs 43–54 ; green or green-blue in P. daphnis , Figs 11–13 View Figs 10–12 View Fig , 46 View Figs 43–54 , 57 View Figs 55–62 ; green or green-red in P. herbeus , Figs 16–17 View Figs 16–18 , 49 View Figs 43–54 , 59 View Figs 55–62 ), the posteromedial process of pronotum produced into an elongate denticle in P. substriolatus ( Figs 36 View Figs 32–42 , 48 View Figs 43–54 ) separates it from P. daphnis ( Figs 35 View Figs 32–42 , 46 View Figs 43–54 ), while the elytral interstriae I, III and V with lightly roughened integument distinguishes P. substriolatus ( Figs 14–15 View Figs 14–15 ) from P. coeruleus (smooth elytral interstriae I–V, Fig. 13 View Fig ). Finally, the elytral striae superficially impressed or partially erased are unique of P. substriolatus ( Figs 14–15 View Figs 14–15 ).

Distribution. Mexico: southern Puebla to northern Oaxaca ( Fig. 65 View Fig ). The record from central Guerrero needs confirmation.

NMPC

National Museum Prague

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Coleoptera

SuperFamily

Scarabaeoidea

Family

Scarabaeidae

Genus

Phanaeus

Loc

Phanaeus substriolatus Balthasar, 1939

Moctezuma, Victor, Halffter, Gonzalo & Lizardo, Viridiana 2021
2021
Loc

Phanaeus substriolatus

BALTHASAR V. 1939: 245
1939
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