Pardosa pusiola ( Thorell, 1891 )

Wang, Dong & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2014, Two new species and a new synonym in the Pardosa nebulosa - group (Lycosidae: Pardosa) from China, Zootaxa 3856 (2), pp. 227-240 : 233-236

Pardosa pusiola ( Thorell, 1891)

Figs 5 A–D, 6A–J, 7A–B; 10

Lycosa pusiola Thorell 1891: 65 (♂♀).

Lycosa hotingchiehi Schenkel 1963: 335 , figs 194a–c (♀). (Synonymised by Yu & Song 1988: 114)

Pardosa pusiola: Gravely 1924: 609 , fig. 5A (♂♀); Tikader & Malhotra 1980: 323, figs 151–152 (♀); Yu & Song 1988: 114, figs 3–7 (♀♂); Yin et al. 1997b: 252, figs 119a–k (♂♀); Song et al. 1999: 333, figs 197G, M (♂♀); Biswas & Raychaudhuri 2003: 113, figs 32–37 (♂♀).

Pardosa shuangjiangensis Yin et al. 1997a: 23 , figs 29–38 (♀♂, female holotype, male and female paratypes from Shuangjiang County, male allotype from Linchang City of Yunnan Prov., China, deposited in HNNU, not examined); Yin et al. 1997b: 255, figs 120a–j (♀♂); Song et al. 1999: 333, figs 197R, 198D (♀♂). (New synonym)

Material examined. CHINA, Yunnan, 2 males and 6 females, Banna National Forest Park, Jinghong City, 23°52.75′ N, 97°39.85′ E, alt. 746 m, 3 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. ( SWUC); 1 male and 3 females, Hekou County, 22°30.61′ N, 103°57.69′ E, alt. 92 m, 8 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. ( SWUC); 4 females, Hekou Country, Rubber Plantation, 22°31.37′ N, 103°57.27′ E, alt. 209 m, 8 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg.

( SWUC); 2 males and 9 females, Hekou Contry, Nanxi Town, Huayudong National Forest Park, 22°40.15′ N, 103°56.19′ E, alt. 130 m, 14 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. ( SWUC); 6 males and 8 females, Puer City, Simao District, Meizihu Park, 22°45.25′ N, 100°59.04′ E, alt. 1339 m, 20 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. ( SWUC); 4 males and 2 females, Puer City, Simao District, Ximahe Reservoir, 22°47.33′ N, 100°58.14′ E, alt. 1330 m, 21 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. ( SWUC); 1 male and 6 females, Jinghong City, Wild Elephant Valley, Xiangtang Mountain Village 22°10.29′ N, 100°52.37′ E, alt. 790 m, 22 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. ( SWUC); 1 male and 8 females, Puer City, Simao harbor, 22°29.17′ N, 100°35.96′ E, alt. 637 m, 22 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. ( SWUC); 1 male and 5 females, Jinghong City, Wild Elephant Valley, 22°10.43′ N, 100°51.94′ E, alt. 782 m, 23 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. ( SWUC); 1 male and 3 females, Mengla County, Menglun Country, 21°55.87′ N, 101°14.87′ E, alt. 547 m, 24 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. ( SWUC); 10 males and 12 females, Jinghong City, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Tropical Plants Garden 21°55.87 ′N, 101°14.87′ E, alt. 547 m, 26 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. ( SWUC); 2 males and 9 females, Jinghong City, Mengla County, Mannasan Bridge, 21°26.26 ′N, 101°33.47′ E, alt. 632m, 26 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. ( SWUC); 2 males and 10 females, Jinghong City, Mengla County, Mohan, 21°11.18′ N, 101°41.12′ E, alt. 889 m, 27 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. ( SWUC); 3 females, Jinghong City, Mengla County, Manhe Country, 22°30.56′ N, 101°34.57′ E, alt. 642 m, 27 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. ( SWUC); 4 males and 3 females, Jinghong City, Mengla County, Mohan Development Zone, Mohan Reservoir, 21°11.23′ N, 101°41.48′ E, alt. 920 m, 28 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. ( SWUC); 1 male and 2 females, Puer City, Simao District, Manxie tunnel, 22°43.85′ N, 99°59.24′ E, alt. 1201 m, 29 May 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. ( SWUC); 1 male and 4 females, Ruili City, Nongdao Town, 23°52.75′ N, 97°39.85′ E, alt. 746 m, 3 June 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. ( SWUC); 6 males and 9 females, Ruili City, Nansang Village, Rubber Plantation, 24°1.47′ N, 97°49.14′ E, alt. 820 m, 4 June 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. ( SWUC); 2 males and 1 female, Ruli City, Nongdao Country, 23°52.58′ N, 97°39.39′ E, alt. 755 m, 4 June 2011, Z.X. Li & G.C. Zhou leg. ( SWUC); 1 male and 2 females, Jinghong City, Mengyang Town, Wild Elephant Valley, 4 August 2006, B.Y. Mao & Z.S. Xu leg. ( SWUC); 2 males, Ruili City, Wood Checkpoint, 15 April 2004, Z.Z. Yang leg. (DLU); 1 male, Fengming National Forest Park, Tengchong Protection Station, 15 April 2004, Z.Z. Yang leg. (DLU); 1 male and 1 female, Guangnan Country, First group of Libeng, 25 June 2001, Z.X. Li leg. (DLU); Guangdong: 2 males and 5 females, Ruyuan Nanling National Forest Park, 12 June 2010, Z.X. Li & L.Y. Wang leg. ( SWUC); Guangxi: 2 males, Daxin Country, Shuolong Town, Shatun village, 21 August 2009, K.Y. Xu leg. ( SWUC); 1 female, Nanning City, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, 8 August 2000, G.M. Tang leg. ( IMNU); 1 female, Ningming Country, Tongmian Town, 17 May 2006, M.S. Zhu, W.G. Lian & H.Q. Ma leg. ( MHBU); MALAYSIA: 1 male and 1 female, Kuala Lumpur, Botanic Garden of Malaysia University, 4 May 2013, X.F. Yang leg. ( SWUC).

Diagnosis. Male of this species is similar to that of P. chapini ( Fox, 1935) ( Figs 8 A–H, 9A–D), but differs from the latter by the wider than long palea, the longer than wide median apophysis, the prolaterally located subtegulum and the bifid terminal apophysis ( Figs 5 A–B, 6C–F, 7A–B). Female of this species can be distinguished from other Pardosa nebulosa -group species by the wide and short stem, the much wide base of septum and the near rounded spermathecae ( Figs 5 C–D, 6G–J).

Description. A male from Meizihu Park ( Fig. 6 A). Total length 6.03. Carapace 3.17 long, 2.28 wide; opisthosoma 2.54 long, 1.63 wide. Carapace yellowish brown, with some dark spots along the lateral edges of carapace. Median band brownish-yellow with branched sides, dilated in cephalic area. Lateral bands dark brown and broad. Eye region black, the head region flanks steep in frontal view. Cervical groove and radial furrows indistinct. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.11, PME 0.34, PLE 0.24; AME–AME 0.10, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.25, PME–PLE 0.13. Clypeus height 0.44. Chelicerae elongate, yellow, with two promarginal and three retrmarginal teeth. Both labium and endites, yellow, longer than wide. Sternum yellow, shield-shaped, with sparse black hairs. Legs yellow. Leg measurements: I 8.70 (2.36, 3.08, 1.86, 1.40); II 7.63 (2.21, 2.39, 1.80, 1.23); III 7.40 (2.10, 2.30, 1.79, 1.21); IV 11.17 (2.80, 3.35, 3.22, 1.80). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma long oval. Dorsum yellow brown, with lanceolate cardiac mark. Venter of abdomen yellow, with small, yellow spinnerets.

Male palp ( Figs 5 A–B, 6C–F, 7A–B) with a large tegulum covering the middle and proximal part of bulb. Subtegulum prolatero-basally located. Median apophysis longer than wide, with a ventrally curved end. Palea wider than long. Embolus originated prolatero-basally on the palea. Terminal apophysis corniform, with a bifid apex.

Female from Meizihu Park ( Fig. 6 B). Total length 6.20. Prosoma 3.16 long, 2.30 wide; opisthosoma 3.05 long, 2.01 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.16, PME 0.35, PLE 0.30; AME–AME 0.03, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.26, PME–PLE 0.33. Clypeus height 0.53. Leg measurements: I 8.50 (2.31, 2.87, 2.07, 1.25); II 8.32 (2.53, 2.61, 1.76, 1.42); III 7.60 (2.48, 2.17, 1.69, 1.26); IV 12.64 (2.98, 3.95, 3.68, 2.03). Leg formula: 4123. Colouration and pattern similar to that of male except opisthosoma darker than that of male.

Epigyne ( Figs 5 C–D, 6G–J) with a pair of hoods anteriorly. Stem of septum short and wide. Base of septum much wider than long. Spermathecae spherical, slightly longer than wide. Fertilisation tube horn-shaped.

Distribution. China (Guangdong, Guangxi,?Hubei,?Jiangxi, Yunnan,?Hainan), India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia and Malaysia ( Fig. 10 ).

Remarks. Pardosa pusiola ( Thorell, 1891) is widely distributed in Southeast Asia. Yu & Song (1988) first reported it from South China. They noted that there was great variation in the shape of its epigyne. Yin et al. (1997a) also redescribed this species, but their figures of the genitalia were somewhat different from Yu & Song (1988), especially the direction of spermathecae. Our detailed comparison of specimens from South China and Malaysia confirmed that variation in the direction of spermathecae can be found among intraspecific individuals. Yin et al. (1997a, b) described P. shuangjiangensis on the basis of several specimens from Shuangjiang and Lincang of Yunnan Province, China. The only difference between P. shuangjiangensis and P. pu s i o l a is the direction of spermathecae. Although the types of P. shuangjiangensis were unavailable for examination, we are confident based on our studies and the illustrations and description in Yin et al. (1997a, b) that P. shuangjiangensis is a synonym of P. pusiola . We were also unable to examine the type of Lycosa hotingchiehi but we have assumed that the synonymy by Yu & Song (1988) is valid.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Pardosa pusiola (Thorell, 1891), male and female from Meizihu Park. A. Left male palp, ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Epigyne, ventral view; D. Same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: BS, base of septum; CO, copulatory opening; Em, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; Ho, hood; MA, median apophysis; Pa, palea; Sp, spermathecae; SS, stem of septum; St, subtegulum; TA, Terminal apophysis; Te, tegulum.

FIGURE 6. Pardosa pusiola (Thorell, 1891), males and females from Meizihu Park. A. Male habitus, dorsal view; B. Female habitus, dorsal view; C. Left male palp, ventral view; D. Same, retrolateral view; E. Bulb, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view; G, I. Epigyne, ventral view; H, J. Same, dorsal view (G and H from the same specimen, I and J from another specimen).

FIGURE 8. Pardosa chapini (Fox, 1935), male and female from Zhaojue Country, Sichuan Province, China. A. Male habitus, dorsal view; B. Female habitus, dorsal view; C. Left male palp, ventral view; D. Same, retrolateral view; E. Bulb, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view; G. Epigyne, ventral view; H. Same, dorsal view.

FIGURE 10. Distribution records of three Pardosa nebulosa- group species.