Lachnoderma W. J. Macleay, 1873

Shi, Hongliang, Zhou, Hongzhang & Liang, Hongbin, 2013, Taxonomic synopsis of the subtribe Physoderina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), with species revisions of eight genera, ZooKeys 284, pp. 1-129 : 60-62

Genus Lachnoderma W. J. Macleay, 1873 Habitus: Figs 22, 23 male genitalia: Figs 85 106 female genitalia: Figs 120 135

Lachnoderma Macleay 1873: 321; Chaudoir 1877: 212; Jedlička 1963: 302; Habu 1967: 133; Tian and Deuve 2001: 123.

Type-species:

Lachnoderma cinctum Macleay, 1873, by monotypy.

Diagnosis.

Dorsal side densely and evenly pubescent, pubescence long and erect; labrum and mandibles with long accessory setae (as long as primary ones on labrum); mentum tooth bifid; basal foveae of pronotum wide, not forming groove; elytral striae very coarsely punctate; males with adhesive hairs absent on all tarsomeres; aedeagus with main flagellum of internal sac projected out from apical orifice. This genus is most similar to Dasiosoma ; their differences are presented in the diagnosis of Dasiosoma .

Generic characters.

Body length 7-10 mm; dorsal side generally reddish brown to dark brown, elytra blue in some species, elytra unicolored or with two small spots near apex. Dorsal side densely and evenly pubescent, pubescence coarse, long and erect, microsculpture indistinct. Head densely pubescent, pubescence rather long, occiput nearly glabrous. Eyes hemispherical, strongly prominent; tempora half length of eyes, gradually narrowed behind eyes; vertex slightly tumid. Antennae extended to about basal one-fourth of elytra. Labrum slightly widened to apex, apical margin usually slightly curved, sometimes with indistinct longitudinal ridge in middle, labrum with faint microsculpture, with long accessory setae, accessory setae as long as six primary setae; mandibles distinctly widened, outer margins rounded, surface with long accessory setae; terminal maxillary palpomeres slightly expanded in both sexes; terminal labial palpomeres strongly expanded in both sexes, more strongly securiform and truncate apically in males, slightly less widened in females; ligula with apex slightly projected, with several long setae; paraglossae membranous, not longer than ligula, adnate; mentum tooth bifid, with several long setae on middle area of mentum, sometimes with a few additional short setae; submentum with two long setae; genae with long setae beneath eyes; gula nearly glabrous except anterior part. Pronotum wider than head; disc, lateral explanate areas densely pubescent; lateral margins setose along full length; mid-lateral primary setae present, hardly distinguishable from long secondary setae on lateral margins; basal foveae wide, not forming groove; pronotal base strongly lobed; lateral margins completely rounded in middle, strongly sinuate before hind angles; hind angles sharp, rectangular or acute, projected or not. Elytra slightly expanded to apex; apex truncate, sutural angles not projected, outer angles completely rounded; basal margination only reaching 4th interval; basal pores distinct; striae not sulcate, coarsely punctate; intervals flat; all intervals densely and evenly pubescent, pubescence long, erect; in some species, intervals rugose or irregularly punctate, striae hardly distinguishable; primary setigerous pores not distinguishable among long pubescence; 7th and 8th intervals slightly tumid near apex. Ventral side with long and dense pubescence, sparser on proepisterna; males with apex of terminal sternum moderately emarginate, straight or slightly curved in females; terminal sternum with two to four setae on each side in both sexes. Legs short; protibiae with cleaning spur well developed, distant from inner margin; tarsi widened, 4th tarsomere bifid, claws pectinate; males with adhesive hairs absent on all tarsomeres. Male genitalia with median lobe of aedeagus stout, not twisted, slightly bent to right side in dorsal view; apical orifice opened apically; apical lamella short and wide; dorsal surface with some fine setae subapically; internal sac with main flagellum slightly thickened, apex projected out from apical orifice, trumpet-form expansion distinct; apical bursa absent; secondary flagellum distinct; an elongate sclerite present near base, subparallel to the trumpet-form expansion ( Fig. 85 ). Female genitalia. Spermatheca tubular, apical part with ring-sculpture, inserted at base of common oviduct; spermathecal gland much longer than spermatheca, inserted near middle of spermatheca; spermatheca not distinctly bent ( Fig. 135 ). Apical segment of ovipositor coniform, slightly curved to outer side; apex sharp; apex with membranous extension long and sharp ( Fig. 120 ).

Distribution.

Oriental and Australian Region.

Monophyly and relationships.

Dasiosoma is supposed to be closest to Lachnoderma by: (1) surface strongly setose; (2) males with adhesive hairs absent on all tarsomeres.

Monophyly of Lachnoderma is suggested by the following apomorphic character states: (1) labrum and mandibles with long accessory setae; (2) mentum tooth bifid; (3) elytral striae strongly punctate; (4) median lobe of aedeagus with main flagellum pointed out from apical orifice, apical bursa absent.

Taxonomic comments.

Jedlička (1963) revised the Oriental species of this genus, totalling four species. Later, Louwerens (1952, 1967) and Kirschenhofer (1996) added four Oriental species. Tian and Deuve (2001) added six new species, and provided a key to the Chinese and Vietnamese species.

So far, 15 available names belonging to Lachnoderma have been published, excluding those removed to Dasiosoma in the present paper. Some species haven’t been well defined, while others were merely defined using characters which seem intraspecifically variable, such as body color and elytral punctures. So a revision of this genus seems necessary.

We don’t intend to revise this genus in the present paper, because specimens are so scarce in the collections examined. Moreover, we haven’t found sufficient reliable characters between the known species, even in the male genitalia, since the median lobe of the aedeagus shows only trivial specific differences in the genus.

List of species:

Lachnoderma asperum Bates, 1883: 285. Type locality: Miyanoshita (Japan). Holotype deposited in NHML.

Lachnoderma biguttatum Bates, 1892: 424. Type locality: Shwegoo (Burma). Holotype deposited in MSNG.

Lachnoderma rufithorax Kirschenhofer, 1996: 760 (as subspecies of Lachnoderma biguttatum Bates). Type locality: Kathmandu (Nepal). Syntypes deposited in NMPC and ZSM.

Lachnoderma chebaling Tian & Deuve, 2001: 131. Type locality: Chebaling (Guangdong, China). Holotype deposited in SCAU.

Lachnoderma cheni Tian & Deuve, 2001: 130. Type locality: Huaping (Guangxi, China). Holotype deposited in SCAU.

Lachnoderma cinctum W. J. Macleay, 1873: 321. Type locality: Clarence River (Australia). Syntype deposited in MAMU.

Lachnoderma confusum Tian & Deuve, 2001: 129. Type locality: Kouy-tchéou (Guizhou, China). Holotype deposited in MNHN.

Lachnoderma foveolatum Sloane, 1915: 472. Type locality: Cairns (Australia). Holotype deposited in ANIC.

Lachnoderma metallicum Tian & Deuve, 2001: 129. Type locality: Jinghong (Yunnan, China). Holotype deposited in SCAU.

Lachnoderma nideki Louwerens, 1952: 218. Type locality: Depok (Java). Holotype deposited in NNML.

Lachnoderma philippinense Jedlička, 1934: 120. Type locality: Philippines. Holotype deposited in NMPC.

Lachnoderma polybothris Louwerens, 1967: 207. Type locality: Balabac (Philippines). Holotype deposited in ZMUC.

Lachnoderma tricolor Andrewes, 1926: 289. Type locality: Singapore. Holotype deposited in NHML.

Lachnoderma vietnamense Kirschenhofer, 1996: 759. Type locality: Sapa (Vietnam). Holotype deposited in NHMW.

Lachnoderma yingdeicum Tian & Deuve, 2001: 132. Type locality: Shimentai (Guangdong, China). Holotype deposited in SCAU.

Figures

Figure 85. Median lobe of male genitalia, right-lateral, ventral, left-lateral, dorsal views of Lachnoderma asperum Bates, a specimen from Taiwan.

Figures 19 - 24. Habitus, scale bars = 2.0 mm: 19 Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Hainan 20 Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Yunnan 21 Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Yunnan 22 Lachnoderma asperum Bates, a specimen from Taiwan 23 Lachnoderma biguttatum Bates, a specimen from Yunnan 24 Dasiosoma quadraticolle sp. n., a paratype from Yunnan.

Figures 95 - 110. Left and right parameres of male genitalia, scale bars = 0.2 mm: 95 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean), a specimen from Guangxi 96 Paraphaea minor sp. n., holotype 97 Anchista brunnea (Wiedemann), a paralectotype of picea Chaudoir 98 Anchista pilosa sp. n., holotype 99 Metallanchista laticollis sp. n., holotype 100 Physodera amplicollis van de Poll, a specimen from Taiwan 101 Diamella cupreomicans (Oberthuer), a specimen from Yunnan 102 Diamella arrowi (Jedlicka), holotype 103 Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Tonkin 104 Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Shaanxi 105 Allocota bicolor sp. n., holotype 106 Lachnoderma asperum Bates, a specimen from Taiwan 107 Dasiosoma ivorense Basilewsky, a paratype from Cote d'Ivoire 108 Dasiosoma quadraticolle sp. n., holotype 109 Orionella kathmanduensis (Kirschenhofer), a specimen from Nepal 110 Endynomena pradieri (Fairmaire), a specimen from Fujian.

Figures 111 - 125. Left ovipositors of females, ventral view, scale bars = 0.2 mm: 111 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean), a specimen from Guangxi 112 Paraphaea minor sp. n., a paratype from Hainan 113 Paraphaea philippinensis (Jedlicka), holotype 114 Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel), a specimen from Nepal 115 Physodera dejeani Eschscholtz, a specimen from Yunnan 116 Physodera eschscholtzii Parry, a specimen from Yunnan 117 Diamella cupreomicans (Oberthuer), a specimen from Yunnan 118 Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Shaanxi 119 Allocota bicolor sp. n., a paratype from Guangdong 120 Lachnoderma asperum Bates, a specimen from Zhejiang 121 Dasiosoma bellum (Habu), a specimen from Guangdong 122 Dasiosoma maindroni (Tian & Deuve), a specimen from Tonkin 123 Dasiosoma quadraticolle sp. n., a paratype from Yunnan 124 Orionella lewisii (Bates), a specimen from Zhejiang 125 Endynomena pradieri (Fairmaire), a specimen from Taiwan.

Figures 132 - 137. Internal reproductive system of females, scale bars = 0.2 mm: 132 Diamella cupreomicans (Oberthuer), a specimen from Yunnan 133 Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Shaanxi 134 Allocota bicolor sp. n., a paratype from Yunnan 135 Lachnoderma asperum Bates, a specimen from Zhejiang 136 Dasiosoma maindroni (Tian & Deuve), a specimen from Tonkin 137 Dasiosoma hirsutum (Bates), lectotype.