Puto, Signoret, 1876

Powell, Erin C. & Miller, Douglass R., 2024, Three new species of Puto giant mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Putoidae) from Mexico and Guatemala, with keys to New World adult females and World adult males, Zootaxa 5443 (3), pp. 301-336 : 304-305

Key to species of Puto based on adult males (modified from Miller & Miller 1993)

Notes: We were not able to find characters to distinguish the adult males of Puto yuccae from the winged Puto echinatus from the California Channel Islands or the inland areas of the western US and Mexico. Puto echinatus from coastal California, as described, is associated only with a wingless male but populations on the California Channel Islands and in inland areas of the western USA and Mexico have only been found with associated winged males; see “Discussion” for more information on the taxonomic issues surrounding Puto echinatus .

1(0) With fully developed wings...............................................................................2

- Without wings or brachypterous....................................................................... 21

2(1) Aedeagus acute or bifurcate apically..................................................................... 3

- Aedeagus blunt apically............................................................................. 14

3(2) Denticle on claw present.............................................................................. 4

- Denticle on claw absent..................................................... Puto philo Powell & Miller , sp. n.

4(3) Tarsal digitules simple, not enlarged........................................................................5

- Tarsal digitules enlarged............................................................. Puto ulter Ferris, 1950

5(4) Antennal segment II with several elongate setae with basal satellite setae.........................................6

- Antennal segment II without elongate setae with basal satellite setae............... Puto atriplicis McKenzie, 1961

6(5) Multilocular pores absent or with eight or fewer total in medial and mediolateral areas of ventral abdominal segments III– VII............................................................................................... 7

- Multilocular pores present and with more than eight total in medial and mediolateral areas of ventral abdominal segments III–VII........................................................................................... 16

7(6) Longest seta on antennal segment IX less than 400 µm long....................................................8

- Longest seta on antennal segment IX greater than 400 µm long...................... Puto antioquensis ( Murillo, 1931)

8(7) Aedeagus apex without teeth; aedeagus with teeth proximally from apex........................................ 9

- Aedeagus apex with teeth; aedeagus without teeth proximally from apex.........................................10

9(8) Each side of unsclerotized area anterior to ocular sclerite and preocular ridge with 10 or more multilocular pores................................................................................. Puto calcitectus ( Cockerell, 1901)

- Each side of unsclerotized area anterior to ocular sclerite and preocular ridge with 6 or fewer multilocular pores............................................................................ Puto kosztarabi Miller & Miller, 1993

10(8) Head with fewer than 20 multilocular pores.................................................................11 Head with more than 20 multilocular pores.................................. Puto decorosus McKenzie, 1967 (part)

11(10) Tegulae each with fewer than 15 setae.................................................................. 12

- Tegulae each with more than 15 setae......................................................................13

12(11) Longest seta on antennal segment IX less than 270 µm long.................................................................... Puto yuccae ( Coquillett, 1890) ; Puto echinatus McKenzie, 1961 (in part) (California Channel Islands)

- Longest seta on antennal segment IX more than 270 µm long....................... Puto mexicanus ( Cockerell, 1893)

13(11) Glandular pouches each with less than 200 pores................................ Puto simmondsiae McKenzie, 1961

- Glandular pouches each with more than 200 pores................................ Puto brom Powell & Miller , sp. n.

14(2) Antennal segment III less than 350 µm long; six or seven (normally six) eyes on each side of head plus one ocellus.... 15

- Antennal segment III more than 350 µm long; seven eyes on each side of head plus one ocellus............................................................................................. Puto cupressi ( Coleman, 1908)

15(14) Head (anterior to preocular ridge) with fewer than 5 multilocular pores.................. Puto sandini Washburn, 1965

- Head (anterior to preocular ridge) with more than 5 multilocular pores................. Puto antennatus ( Signoret, 1875)

16(6) Glandular pouches each with fewer than 350 pores; diameter of each cluster less than 300 µm...................... 17

- Glandular pouches each with more than 350 pores; diameter of each cluster more than 300 µm................................................................................................. Puto albicans McKenzie, 1967

17(16) Multilocular pores in glandular pouches each with 4 or 5 loculi................................................18

- Multilocular pores in glandular pouches each with 6 loculi, rarely 5................... Puto huangshanensis Wu, 2001

(18)(17) Antennal segment III less than 400 µm long................................................................19

- Antennal segment III greater than 400 µm long.................................... Puto arctostaphyli Ferris, 1950

19(18) Tegulae each with less than 12 setae, less than 6 ventral multilocular pores on head (anterior to preocular ridge)....................................................... Puto echinatus McKenzie, 1961 (part) (California Channel Islands)

- Tegulae each with more 18 setae, more than 10 ventral multilocular pores on head (anterior to preocular ridge)......... 20

20(19) Body densely setose, medial and mediolateral area of abdominal segment III with more than 40 ventral setae................................................................................ Puto decorosus McKenzie, 1967 (part)

- Body not conspicuously setose, medial and mediolateral area of abdominal segment III with fewer than 30 ventral setae........................................................ Puto echinatus McKenzie 1961 (part) (inland mainland)

21(1) 6 or 7 eyes on each side of head; aedeagus apically acute or bifurcate......................................... 22

- 4 eyes on each side of head; aedeagus blunt apically................................ Puto superbus ( Leonardi, 1907)

22(21) Antennae each 10-segmented.................................. Puto echinatus McKenzie, 1961 (coastal California)

- Antennae each 9-segmented.................................................. Puto ambiguus ( Fullaway, 1910)