Grishin, Zhang & Cong & Shen & Grishin, 2022

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui & Grishin, Nick V., 2022, Taxonomic changes suggested by the genomic analysis of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera), Insecta Mundi 2022 (921), pp. 1-135 : 32-33

Tolius Grishin , new genus

http://zoobank.org/ 4D0B91EA-3367-42AB-B443-6BE63BB2F5C4

Type species. Antigonus tolimus Plötz, 1884 .

Definition. Despite similarity in appearance and genitalia with Achlyodes sempiternus A. Butler and H. Druce, 1872 (the type species of Echelatus Godman and Salvin, 1894 ), the new genus is not monophyletic with it ( Fig. 7 ). Keys to F. 6.2 in Evans (1953). Distinguished from its relatives by the following combination of characters: wings below with at least some vestigial dark bands, forewing apex dark brown below, without a yellow spot; forewing costal fold well developed; no tibial tuft of long scales; uncus with developed arms and side horn-like processes; valva narrow, harpe longer than valva, not expanding basad over ampulla. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic: aly6841.51.2:A736G, aly1656.26.1:A258G, aly 1038.8.1:C1956T, aly862.7.1:A129G, and aly862.7.1:G107A.

Etymology. The name is a masculine noun in the nominative singular, formed from the type species name: Toli [m] us.

Species included. The type species and Echelatus luctuosus Godman and Salvin, [1894] .

Parent taxon. Subtribe Erynnina Brues and Carpenter, 1932 .

Comments. Frequently misidentified as Echelatus sempiternus or Anastrus sempiternus in collections, species of this new genus are indeed very similar to it. One of the most reliable wing pattern characters to distinguish the two genera is the color of forewing apex below. It is paler and yellower than the surrounding ground brown color (“yellow spot at apex” of Evans (1953: 182)) in Echelatus , but is not different from the background color in Tolius . Specimens curated as syntypes of Anastrus varius Mabille, 1883 (type locality Venezuela) in the ZMHB (NVG- 15032H09) and the ZSMC (NVG-18057A09) are Tolius tolimus tolimus . However, these specimens are labeled as being from Panama: Chiriqui, and not Venezuela, and therefore are not syntypes. A syntype of varius in BMNH is indeed Echelatus .

Figures

Figure 7. Genomic tree of Erynnini. See Fig. 1 legend for notations.