Zaitzevia rivalis Nomura, 1963

Hayashi, Masakazu & Kamite, Yuuki, 2020, Description of larvae of Japanese Macronychini (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Elminae), Zootaxa 4859 (2), pp. 195-227 : 224

Zaitzevia rivalis Nomura, 1963

( Figs 2E , 15 , 19F , 20H, I )

Materials examined. JAPAN: [HONSHU]: 4 larvae, Karakawa-gawa, Kawasimo, Izumo-shi , Shimane Pref., Honshu , 6.iii.2013, M. Hayashi leg. 2 larvae, Inu-dani, Nishihayashigi, Izumo , Shimane Pref., Honshu , 6.ii.2016, M. Hayashi leg. 2 larvae, same locality, 24.iii.2018, M. Hayahsi leg. 2 larvae, Miyama-gawa, Manda, Izumo , Shimane Pref., Honshu , 23.xii.2017, M. Hayashi leg.

Description. Body length of mature larva ca. 4.0 mm in expanded specimen.

Body elongate, narrowing from thorax to apex; convex dorsally and flattened ventrally; semicircular in cross section; spiracles on mesothorax and abdominal segments I–VIII. Body color black or dark brown, and appendages orange colored. Dorsal and ventral surfaces entirely not smooth with flat granules ( Fig. 15D ; Kodada et al. 2016: 583) and various types of setae.

Head visible from above, well exposed from prothorax; as wide as long; clypeus transverse, setose; without a pair of spines on both sides of clypeus (frontal tooth); vertex rugose with brush-like setae; eyes large but lens of stemmata absent. Antenna with three antennomeres; antennomere 1 shorter than antennomere 2, with short branched setae; antennomere 2 with long sensorial appendage; antennomere 3 short with small sensorial appendage. Maxillae and labium forming a unit (maxillolabial unit). Maxilla with four palpomeres; cardo small; stipes large; galea and lacinia separate, setose apically. Labium narrow with two palpomeres; ligula short and transverse; mentum long; submentum short and transverse.

Thorax not serrated on lateral sides; dorsum entirely not smooth with granules and flat brush-like setae ( Fig. 19F ). Prothorax wider than long, 2 times as long as mesothorax; with glabrous smooth area on dorsum; with seven ventral sclerites (one between coxae, two anteromedial, two anterolateral, and two posterolateral), procoxae not closed posteriorly; flat feather-like setae on hind margins. Meso- and metathorax transverse; metathorax slightly longer than mesothorax. Meso- and metathorax with five ventral sclerites (one large anteromedial, two anterolateral, and two posterolateral).

Abdomen 9-segmented; segments I–VIII transverse, dorsal surface entirely not smooth with granules; pleural sclerites on segments I–VII. Last segment (segment IX) longer than wide, gradually narrowing to apex; tergal surface with minute and coarse granules; with ridge on both sides ( Fig. 15E ); with longitudinal ridge on meson; apex notched; ventrally flat, with subpentagonal-shaped operculum, opercular claws, and anal gills.

Habitat. Upper stream reaches; larvae live in the gravel substrate.

Identification. The larva was identified by mitochondrial DNA sequences ( Hayashi & Sota 2010).

Distribution. Honshu (type locality), Shikoku, Kyushu, Awaji Is., Goto Isls.: Fukue-jima Is.

Bibliography. Hayashi & Sota (2010: fig. 14).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Macronychini larvae of Japan. A, Zaitzevia aritai Satô, 1963; B, Zaitzevia yaeyamana Satô, 1963; C, Zaitzevia awana (Kôno, 1934); D, Zaitzevia nitida Nomura, 1963; E, Zaitzevia rivalis Nomura, 1963; F, G, Zaitzevia tsushimana Nomura, 1963; H, Urumaelmis uenoi (Nomura, 1961). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 15. Zaitzevia rivalis Nomura, 1963. A, C, Head and prothorax; B, D, prothorax; E–H, last abdominal segment. A, B, E, lateral view; C, D, F, G, dorsal view; H, ventral view.

FIGURE 19. Flat granules and setae on prothorax. A, Zaitzevia elongata Nomura, 1962; B, Zaitzevia aritai Satô, 1963; C, Zaitzevia yaeyamana Satô, 1963; D, Zaitzevia awana (Kôno, 1934); E, Zaitzevia nitida Nomura, 1963; F, Zaitzevia rivalis Nomura, 1963; G, Zaitzevia tsushimana Nomura, 1963; H, Urumaelmis uenoi (Nomura, 1961).

FIGURE 20. Living larvae. A, B, Paramacronychus granulatus Nomura, 1958; C, Zaitzeviaria ovata (Nomura, 1959); D, Zaitzeviaria brevis (Nomura, 1958); E, Zaitzeviaria kuriharai Kamite, Ogata & Satô, 2006; F, Zaitzeviaria sotai Hayashi & Yoshitomi, 2015; G, Zaitzevia awana (Kôno, 1934); H, I, Zaitzevia rivalis Nomura, 1963; J, Zaitzevia tsushimana Nomura, 1963. Not to scale. H, immature larva; others, mature larva.