Arculanus, DISTANT, 1904

Namyatova, Anna A. & Cassis, Gerasimos, 2016, Systematic revision and phylogeny of the plant bug tribe Monaloniini (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae) of the world, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (1), pp. 36-136 : 81-83

ARCULANUS DISTANT

Figures 6 , 14F–H , 18C, D , 22

Arculanus Distant, 1904a: 198 (gen. nov.; type species: Arculanus marshalli Distant, 1904 by monotypy); Kirkaldy, 1906 (list); Reuter, 1910: 157 (cat.); Poppius, 1912: 176, 190 (key, description); Bergroth, 1922: 56 (cat.) China, 1944: 173 (key); Carvalho, 1952: 59 (cat.); Carvalho, 1955: 39 (key); Carvalho, 1957: 131 (cat.); Schmitz, 1968: 11 (key to gen.); Schuh, 1995: 509 (cat.); Schuh, 2002 –2013 (cat.); Namyatova et al., in press (phylogeny).

Tetanophleps Bergroth, 1922: 56 (gen. nov.; type species: Tetanophleps gibbifrons by monotypy; syn. by China, 1944: 172); Carvalho, 1957: 131 (cat.) Diagnosis: Arculanus can be diagnosed by the following characters: presence of punctures on clavus and R + M (as in fig. 11C, D in Namyatova et al., in press); corium semitransparent with reddish marking posteriorly; hemelytra broadened posteriorly; metasternum rounded, not extending to abdomen (as in fig. 17C in Namyatova et al., in press); ASI subequal to half of head width, swollen medially; LSIII as long as wide, LSIV as long as LSIII; gula almost as long as buccula; calli separated (as in Fig. 10B ); presence of two punctures on that depression near calli (as in Fig. 10A ); setae on pronotum absent or very rare; presence of long auxiliary vein on membrane emanating from closed cell; ductus seminis with distinct coils, forming narrow tube ( Fig. 14E ); DLP with lateral oviducts placed medially ( Fig. 18C ).

Redescription: Male: Length c. 5 mm. COLORATION ( Fig. 6 ). Mostly whitish yellow to yellow, with reddish and brown markings, the largest reddish marking placed on hemelytron. TEXTURE. Body smooth; head without tubercles, wrinkles or flattened areas, vertex without flattened areas; pronotum and scutellum mostly impunctate, without tumescences or wrinkles, only pair of punctures on depression delimiting calli and between mesoscutum and scutellum; striations on lateral margin of scutellum, and rows on punctures on clavus and on R + M present (as in fig. 11C in Namyatova et al., in press); semicircular depression between scutellum and mesoscutum absent. VESTITURE. Body clothed with pale short simple setae, very rare or absent on head, pronotum and pleura, dense and adpressed on hemelytron; mostly suberect on appendages, setae on legs and thorax sometimes not very dense, slightly longer than width of hind tibia; black spinules on femora absent; rows of small black spinules on tibia present (as in fig. 18D in Namyatova et al., in press). STRUC- TURE. Head. Distance between eye and pronotum subequal to eye diameter (as in Fig. 10A ); occipital region distinctly delimited with transverse depression; longitudinal depression on vertex indistinct; eyes not stylate, in line with contour of head (as in Fig. 10A ), c. 0.33× as wide as head; distance between antennal fossa twice as long as antennal fossa diameter; frons distinctly swollen, without ridges, outgrowths or longitudinal depression; anterior view of head c. 1.3× as wide as high; eye almost twice as high as distance from eye to apex of clypeus; antennal fossa round, diameter subequal to quarter of eye height (as in fig. 4A in Namyatova et al., in press), only slightly raised; inferior margin of fossa placed slightly above inferior margin of eye; base of clypeus placed near inferior margin of antennal fossa, delimited with depression; head distinctly swollen dorsally in lateral view; gula straight, almost as long as buccula length. Labium. Reaching or almost reaching posterior margin of prosternum; LSI and II each twice as long as wide; LSIII–IV each almost as long as wide, slightly shorter than LSII. Antenna. Slightly surpassing base of cuneus; ASI subequal to half of head width, widened medially (as in fig. 8C in Namyatova et al., in press); ASII c. 3× as long as ASI, subequal in length to head and pronotum combined; ASIII c. 0.7–0.8× as long as ASII; ASIV c. 0.5× as long as ASIII, ASII–IV filiform. Thorax. Collar distinct, fused with calli posteriorly (as in Fig. 10A ), distinctly swollen; calli separated, tuberculate (as in Fig. 10B ), depression delimiting callosite region posteriorly indistinct medially; humeral angles of pronotum rounded, not dilated (as in Fig. 10A ); posterior margin of pronotum concave; scutellum almost flat, acute apically, without outgrowth, ridge or medial depression; metepimeron slightly widened, c. 4–5× as high as long, slightly angulate; metasternum rounded posteriorly, without medial projection on to abdominal segment II (as in fig. 17C in Namyatova et al., in press). Hemelytron. Widened posteriorly, its costal margin convex near posterior margin of corium; claval commissure c. 1.5× as long as scutellum, straight (as in fig. 11C in Namyatova et al., in press); R + M distinct, reaching posterior margin of corium; medial fracture strongly inclined towards midline; corium without swelling posteriorly; cuneus c. 2.5× as long as wide, subequal to pronotum length, medial margin almost straight (as in fig. 13A in Namyatova et al., in press); membrane cell not surpassing or only slightly surpassing apex of cuneus, forming right angle (as in fig. 13B in Namyatova et al., in press), slightly longer than pronotum; distance from cell to apex of membrane subequal to length of cell; auxiliary vein present, very long, almost reaching posterior margin of membrane. Legs. Forecoxae contiguous (as in fig. 17C in Namyatova et al., in press); fore and middle femora only indistinctly swollen apically, hind femur distinctly swollen apically; femora not curved or only indistinctly curved (as in fig. 18C in Namyatova et al., in press); foretibia shorter than head and pronotum combined; swellings on tibae absent; segments of hind tarsus subequal in length (as in fig. 19A in Namyatova et al., in press); claw mostly straight, apical third curved; basal tooth on claw more than twice as long as wide, concave (as in Fig. 13K ). Genitalia ( Fig. 14E–H ). Genital capsule longer than wide, without outgrowth(s), its ventral wall not shortened anteriorly; left paramere distinctly r-shaped, c. 2.5× as long as right paramere; phallobase sclerite of primary gonopore bowl-shaped, with short outgrowths, supporting ductus seminis; ductus seminis not sclerotized basally or apically, as long as phallotheca length, with coils forming narrow tube, attached to phallobase medially; sclerotized part of phallotheca broad, occupying entire dorsal part, rounded apically, without outgrowths or ridge; endosomal spicules with or without serrations, varying in shape.

Female: Length c. 6–7 mm. Similar to male, body usually generally larger. Genitalia ( Fig. 18C, D ). DLP with two sclerotized bands; membrane encircled by inner sclerotized band, not striated, without membranous outgrowths, with small sclerites; lateral oviducts separated, at mid-length of DLP, equidistant from lateral margins of DLP; spermathecal gland placed slightly above midpoint of DLP; posterior wall covered with small tubercles, without sclerites or outgrowths; base of second valvula slightly convex; ventral wall of bursa copulatrix membranous.

Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Elisabethville) ( Fig. 22 ).

Host plants: No information.

Figures

Figure 6. Habitus photographs. Arculanus marshalli ♂ AMNH_PBI 5102, ♀ AMNH_PBI 19290; Pachypeltis sp. ♂ AMNH_PBI 46046, ♀ AMNH_PBI 34149; Chamus bellus ♂ AMNH_PBI 19050, ♀ AMNH_PBI 5223; Chamus conradti ♂ AMNH_PBI 19048, ♀ AMNH_PBI 19046; Chamus overlaeti ♂ AMNH_PBI 5123, ♀ AMNH_PBI 5123; Mansoniella flava ♂ AMNH_PBI 19270; Mansoniella nitida ♀ AMNH_PBI 45968; Mansoniella sassafri ♂ AMNH_PBI 19276, ♀ AMNH_PBI 19067; Eupachypeltis flavicornis ♂ LT AMNH_PBI 19128, ♀ PT AMNH_PBI 19641.

Figure 10. Scanning electron micrographs. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. A, Mansoniella nitida ♀ AMNH_PBI 46067; B, Poppiusia leroyi ♀ AMNH_PBI 5838; C, Chamus bellus ♀ AMNH_PBI 5223; D, Lycidocoris mimeticus ♀ AMNH_PBI 5043; E, Physophoropterella bondroiti ♂ AMNH_PBI 19110; G, Odoniellia reuteri ♂ AMNH_PBI 19090; H, Volkelius carvalhoi ♀ PT AMNH_PBI 19630; I, Yangambia vesiculata ♀ AMNH_PBI 19084; J, Ragwelellus suspectus ♂ AMNH_PBI 19629. Head, dorsal view. F, Sahlbergella tai ♀ AMNH_PBI 5106. Head, anterior view. K, Parachamus bellus ♀ AMNH_ PBI 5837. Head, lateral view. L, Poppiusia leroyi ♀ AMNH_PBI 5838. Frons, dorsal view. M, Poppiusia leroyi ♀ AMNH_PBI 5838.

Figure 13. Scanning electron micrographs. Metepimeron. A, Helopletis pellucida sex unknown AMNH_PBI 19628; B, Afropeltis hyalospilosus ♂ AMNH_PBI 5137; C, Poppiusia leroyi ♀ AMNH_PBI 5838; D, Pachypeltis reuteri ♂ AMNH_PBI 45980; E, Odoniella reuteri ♂ AMNH_PBI 19194. Setae on hemelytron. F, Boxia khayae ♂ AMNH_PBI 5065. Fore- and middle femora. G, Physophoropterella bondroiti ♂ AMNH_PBI 19110. Hind femur. H, Helopeltis pellucida sex unknown AMNH_PBI 19628. Hind tarsus. I, Physophoropterella bondroiti ♂ AMNH_PBI 19110. Claw, lateral view. J, Chamus sp. sex unknown, not databased; K, Pachypeltis brevirostris sp. nov. sex unknown, not databased; L, Helopeltis bradyi sex unknown, not databased.

Figure 14. Male genitalia, dorsal view. Afropeltis hyalospilosus AMNH_PBI 5137. A, aedeagus; B, right paramere; C, left paramere; D, genital capsule. Arculanus marshalli AMNH_PBI 5102. E, aedeagus; F, right paramere; G, left paramere; H, genital capsule. Arthriticus eugeniae AMNH_PBI 19573. I, aedeagus; J, right paramere; K, left paramere; L, genital capsule. Boxia khayae AMNH_PBI 5065. M, aedeagus; N, left paramere; O, genital capsule. Distantiella theobromae AMNH_PBI 19056. P, aedeagus; Q, right paramere; R, left paramere; S, genital capsule. Chamus bellus AMNH_PBI 19059. T, aedeagus; U, right paramere; V, left paramere; W, genital capsule. Chamus conradti AMNH_PBI 19048. X, aedeagus; Y, right paramere; Z, left paramere; AA, genital capsule. Chamus overlaeti AMNH_PBI 19073. AB, aedeagus; AC, right paramere; AD, left paramere; AE, genital capsule. The smaller scale is for genital capsule, the larger scale is for aedeagi and paramers.

Figure 18. Female genitalia, bursa copulatrix. Afropeltis lalandei AMNH_PBI 5261. A, dorsal labiate plate; B, posteri- or wall. Arculanus marshalli AMNH_PBI 19290. C, dorsal labiate; D, posterior wall. Arthriticus eugeniae no USI. E, dorsal labiate plate; F, posterior wall. Bryocoropsis laticollis var. infuscate AMNH_PBI 29096. G, dorsal labiate plate; H, posterior wall. Bryocoropsis soror AMNH_PBI 5144. I, dorsal labiate plate; J, posterior wall. Chamus bellus AMNH_PBI 19290. K, dorsal labiate plate. Chamus conradti AMNH_PBI 19046. L, dorsal labiate plate; M, posterior wall. Chamus overlaeti AMNH_PBI 19073. N, dorsal labiate plate; O, posterior wall. Dimia inexpectata AMNH_PBI 271341. P, dorsal labiate plate; Q, posterior wall. Distantiella theobromae. R, dorsal labiate plate; S, posterior wall.

Figure 22. Distribution maps of Afropeltis, Arculanus, Arthriticus, Boxia, Chamus, Eupachypeltis, Helopeltis, Mansoniella, Physophoropterella, Pseudodoniella and Sahlbergella.