Ragwelellus, ODHIAMBO, 1962

Namyatova, Anna A. & Cassis, Gerasimos, 2016, Systematic revision and phylogeny of the plant bug tribe Monaloniini (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae) of the world, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (1), pp. 36-136 : 119-121

RAGWELELLUS ODHIAMBO

Figures 9 , 10J , 17Q–X , 21G, H, K–O , 24

Ragwelellus Odhiambo, 1962: 314 (subgen. nov.; type species Eucerocoris peregrinus Odhiambo, 1962 by original designation, jun. syn. of. Eucerocoris vittatus Odhiambo, 1962 ); Carvalho, 1976: 54 (disc.); Odhiambo, 1965: 22 (descr., disc., changed status); Schuh, 1995: 523 (cat.); Schuh, 2002 –2013 (cat.); Namyatova & Cassis, 2013a: 101 (disc.); Namyatova & Cassis, 2013b: 706 (disc., phylogeny); Namyatova et al., in press (phylogeny); rev. status, this work.

Ragwelellus (Narinellus) Odhiambo, 1965: 22 (subgen nov.; type species Ragwelellus thetis (Kirkaldy, 1908) by original designation); syn. nov., this work.

Diagnosis: Ragwelellus belongs to the Monalonion - complex (see discussion for the tribe), and it is differentiated from other genera of this group by: ASI longer than head and pronotum combined; frons not swollen or only slightly convex ( Fig. 10J ); forefemora curved; scutellum without spine-like projection; pretarsal claw broadly rounded (fig. 10E in Namyatova & Cassis, 2013b); phallotheca usually more or less rounded or only slightly tapering apically ( Fig. 17Q, U ).

Redescription: Male: Body length 4–10 mm. COLORA- TION ( Fig. 9 ). Variable, mostly pale brown, brownish or reddish, often not uniformly colored with head and pronotum at least partly darker than hemelytron or with markings on hemelytron. TEXTURE. Body mostly smooth, without punctures and tubercles; vertex without flattened areas; semicircular depression between scutellum and mesoscutum absent; striations on scutellum laterally absent; only small depression on anterior angle of pronotum present (as in fig. 9H in Namyatova & Cassis, 2013b). VESTITURE. Setae on dorsum and thoracic pleura absent; pale simple setae on sides of head, labium, appendages and abdomen present; setae on sides on head, labium and abdomen mostly adpressed and short, setae on abdomen very rare, present apically only; setae on antenna mostly short, suberect or adpressed, sometimes setae on antenna segment II longer than hind tibia width; setae on femora rare and adpressed, often present apically only; setae on tibiae short, mostly spine-like, suberect, not very dense; apex of tibia and tarsi with adpressed short setae; black spinules on femora absent, spinules on tibiae absent or present only apically. STRUCTURE. Head. Distance between eye and pronotum subequal to half of eye diameter ( Fig. 10J ); occipital region delimited with depression, sometimes very shallow; longitudinal depression distinct, almost as long as or longer than eye diameter; eyes not stylate, in line with contour of head ( Fig. 10J ), c. 0.2–0.33× as long as head width; distance between antennal fossa subequal to or slightly longer than antennal fossa diameter; frons straight or only slightly convex ( Fig. 10J ), without ridges, outgrowths or longitudinal depression; anterior view of head c. 1.4–1.5× wide as high; eye height c. 1.6–2.2× as long as distance between eye and apex of clypeus; antennal fossa oval c. 0.5–0.7× as long as eye height, not raised (as in fig. 6D–F in Namyatova & Cassis, 2013b), its inferior margin placed distinctly above inferior margin of eye; base of clypeus placed slightly below than or near inferior margin of antennal fossa, slightly delimited or not delimited basally with depression; head more or less swollen in lateral view; gula c. 2–3× as long as buccula, convex. Labium. Length varying from slightly surpassing posterior margin of mesosternum to reaching abdominal LSII; LSI c. 2–3× as long as wide; LSII c. 2.5–5× as long as wide, subequal to, slightly shorter or longer than LSI; LSIII c. 3–4× as long as wide, subequal to, slightly shorter or longer than LSI; LSIV c. 6–12× as long as wide, c. 1.5–3× as long as LSIII. Antenna. About 1.5–2× as long as body; ASI c. 2–4× as long as head width, swollen apically (fig. 9I in Namyatova et al., in press); ASII c. 1.1– 1.8× as long as ASI, c. 2–3× as long as head and pronotum combined; ASIII 0.6–0.9× as long as ASII; ASIV c. 0.3–0.5× as long as ASIII; ASII–IV filiform. Thorax. Collar flat or slightly swollen, slightly delimited or not delimited posteriorly; calli separated, slightly swollen or almost flat; depression delimiting calli posteriorly absent; humeral angles of pronotum rounded, not dilated; posterior margin of pronotum straight or slightly concave ( Fig. 10J ); scutellum flat, obtuse apically; without outgrowths, medial ridge or depression (as in fig. 9H in Namyatova & Cassis, 2013b); metepimeron narrow, c. 2.5–3× as long as wide, with roundish or subrectangular outgrowth (as in Fig. 13A ); metasternum rounded posteriorly, without medial projection on to abdominal segment II (fig. 17B in Namyatova et al., in press). Hemelytron. Costal margin concave or straight; claval commissure c. 2–3.5× as long as scutellum, curved medially; R + M distinct, reaching posterior margin of corium; medial fracture subparallel to R + M (as in fig. 11G in Namyatova et al., in press); corium without swelling posteriorly; cuneus c. 6–11× as long as wide, c. 1.1–1.4× as long as pronotum (as in fig. 13C in Namyatova et al., in press), medial margin distinctly concave; membrane cell distinctly surpassing apex of cuneus, c. 2–2.5× as long as pronotum, acute apically (as in fig. 13C in Namyatova et al., in press); auxiliary vein absent or short present; distance between cell and apex of membrane c. 0.1–0.2× as long as cell. Legs. Forecoxae separated (as in fig. 17A in Namyatova et al., in press); femora more or less swollen apically (fig. 18A in Namyatova et al., in press), apices as wide as or narrower than eye diameter; femora curved, forefemora sometimes only slightly curved; foretibia longer than head and pronotum combined; additional swellings on tibia absent; segment I of hind tarsus distinctly longer than segment II, segment II and III subequal in length (fig. 19B in Namyatova et al., in press), sometimes segments I and III almost subequal in length and longer than segment II; claw broadly rounded (fig. 10E in Namyatova & Cassis, 2013b); basal teeth short and triangular (as in Fig. 10B in Namyatova & Cassis, 2013b). Genitalia ( Fig. 17Q–X ). Genital capsule almost as long as wide or slightly longer than wide, sometimes with outgrowth on left-hand side; ventral wall of genital capsule shortened anteriorly; left paramere r-shaped or only slightly curved, c. 2–3× as long as right paramere; phallobase sclerite of primary gonopore subtriangular or suboval, without outgrowth(s); ductus seminis as long as or slightly longer than phallotheca, with coils, forming wide tube, without sclerotization basally or apically, attached to phallobase on left-hand; sclerotized part of phallotheca broad occupying entire dorsal side or broad basally and tapering apically; phallotheca sometimes with serrate sclerotization basally and with outgrowth on righthand side; endosoma with sclerotized areas, areas of small spicules, serrate spicules or elongate spicules.

Female: Body length 5–10 mm. Coloration, texture, vestiture and structure as in male, but larger in size ( Fig. 7 ). Genitalia ( Fig. 21G, H, K–O ). DLP of three types: (1) membranous or partly sclerotized, with membranous or sclerotized ridge medially, sclerotized bands, circle or rings absent; striations present at least on left-hand side; lateral oviducts placed in anterior or posterior part of DLP, slightly or distinctly removed from lateral margins of DLP; spermathecal gland placed on left-hand side at halfway of DLP or near anterior margin medially ( Fig. 21K ); (2) membranous, with medial sclerotized circle, sometimes with additional sclerites in anterior part; striations present; lateral oviducts placed at halfway of DLP, close to lateral margin of dorsal labiate plat; spermathecal gland placed at midpoint or above midpoint ( Fig. 21N ); (3) DLP membranous, more or less striated; sclerotized bands present, covered or not covered with membrane; lateral oviducts placed in anterior part or almost at halfway, close to lateral margins of DLP; spermathecal gland placed anteriorly ( Fig. 21G ).

DLP with distinct tubercles, sometimes with membranous or sclerotized outgrowths posteriorly; base of second valvula slightly or distinctly concave ( Fig. 21H, L, M, O ); ventral wall membranous or with sclerites around vulva.

Distribution: South-East Asia, Pacific Islands, Australia ( Fig. 24 ).

Host plants: There is very little information on host plant associations for this genus. Ragwelellus horvathi is recorded from Cordamom sp. ( Zingiberaceae ) ( Carvalho, 1981), R. festivus from Cinchona sp. ( Odhiambo, 1962; Carvalho, 1981) and Ragwelellus suspectus is known from Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T.Blake (Myrtaceae) .

Figures

Figure 7. Habitus photographs. Lycidocoris mimeticus ♂ AMNH_PBI 5076, ♀ AMNH_PBI 5085; Lycidocoris thoracicus ♂ AMNH_PBI 5105, ♀ AMNH_PBI 5044; Poppiusia leroyi ♂ AMNH_PBI 19314, ♀ AMNH_PBI 5048; Pachypletis reuteri ♂ AMNH_PBI 5224, ♀ AMNH_PBI 271339; Pachypeltis chinensis ♂ AMNH_PBI 19285, ♀ AMNH_PBI 19304; Dimia inexpectata ♂ PT AMNH_PBI 271336, ♀ PT 19313; Parapachypeltis punctatus ♀ PT AMNH_PBI 19331; Pararculanus madagascariensis ♂ HT AMNH_PBI 271337, ♀ AMNH_PBI 271333; Pararculanus piperis ♂ AMNH_PBI 5060, ♀ AMNH_PBI 5062; Villiersicoris sessensis ♂ no USI label (BMNH), ♀ type AMNH_PBI 19435.

Figure 9. Habitus photographs. Monalonion dissimulatum ♂ AMNH_PBI 19564, ♀ AMNH_PBI 5258; Physophoropterella bondroiti ♂ AMNH_PBI 400348, ♀ AMNH_PBI 5037; Physophoroptera mirabilis ♂ AMNH_PBI 5070, ♀ AMNH_PBI 5083; Arthriticus eugeniae ♂ AMNH_BPI 19573, ♀ AMNH_PBI 19575; Ragwelellus suspectus ♂ AMNH_PBI 34153, ♀ AMNH_PBI 34154; Ragwelellus vittatus ♂ AMNH_PBI 34152, ♀ AMNH_PBI 45821; Schuhirandella fulva ♂ PT AMNH_PBI 400345, ♀ PT AMNH_PBI 19576; Helopeltis clavifer ♂ AMNH_PBI 40416, ♀ AMNH_PBI 202016; Afropeltis corbisieri ♂ AMNH_PBI 5133, ♀ AMNH_PBI 5216.

Figure 10. Scanning electron micrographs. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. A, Mansoniella nitida ♀ AMNH_PBI 46067; B, Poppiusia leroyi ♀ AMNH_PBI 5838; C, Chamus bellus ♀ AMNH_PBI 5223; D, Lycidocoris mimeticus ♀ AMNH_PBI 5043; E, Physophoropterella bondroiti ♂ AMNH_PBI 19110; G, Odoniellia reuteri ♂ AMNH_PBI 19090; H, Volkelius carvalhoi ♀ PT AMNH_PBI 19630; I, Yangambia vesiculata ♀ AMNH_PBI 19084; J, Ragwelellus suspectus ♂ AMNH_PBI 19629. Head, dorsal view. F, Sahlbergella tai ♀ AMNH_PBI 5106. Head, anterior view. K, Parachamus bellus ♀ AMNH_ PBI 5837. Head, lateral view. L, Poppiusia leroyi ♀ AMNH_PBI 5838. Frons, dorsal view. M, Poppiusia leroyi ♀ AMNH_PBI 5838.

Figure 13. Scanning electron micrographs. Metepimeron. A, Helopletis pellucida sex unknown AMNH_PBI 19628; B, Afropeltis hyalospilosus ♂ AMNH_PBI 5137; C, Poppiusia leroyi ♀ AMNH_PBI 5838; D, Pachypeltis reuteri ♂ AMNH_PBI 45980; E, Odoniella reuteri ♂ AMNH_PBI 19194. Setae on hemelytron. F, Boxia khayae ♂ AMNH_PBI 5065. Fore- and middle femora. G, Physophoropterella bondroiti ♂ AMNH_PBI 19110. Hind femur. H, Helopeltis pellucida sex unknown AMNH_PBI 19628. Hind tarsus. I, Physophoropterella bondroiti ♂ AMNH_PBI 19110. Claw, lateral view. J, Chamus sp. sex unknown, not databased; K, Pachypeltis brevirostris sp. nov. sex unknown, not databased; L, Helopeltis bradyi sex unknown, not databased.

Figure 17. Male genitalia, dorsal view. Physophoroptera mirabilis AMNH_PBI 5070. A, aedeagus; B, right paramere; C, left paramere; D, genital capsule. Physophoropterella bondroiti no USI. E, aedeagus; AMNH_PBI 5072. F, right paramere; G, left paramere; H, genital capsule. Poppiusia leroyi AMNH_PBI 19314. I, aedeagus; J, right paramere; K, left paramere; L, genital capsule. Pseudodoniella typica no USI. M, aedeagus; N, right paramere; O, left paramere; P, genital capsule. Ragwelellus suspectus no USI. Y, aedeagus; Z, right paramere; AA, left paramere; AB, genital capsule. Ragwelellus vittatus no USI. U, aedeagus; V, right paramere; W, left paramere; X, genital capsule. Volkeliopsis arecae AMNH_PBI 19427. I, phallobase; J, endosoma and theca; K, right paramere; L, left paramere; M, genital capsule. Villiersicoris sessensis AMNH_PBI 19458. Q, aedeagus; R, right paramere; S, left paramere; T, genital capsule. The smaller scale is for genital capsule, the larger scale is for aedeagi and parameres. Yangambia macarangae AMNH_PBI 5006. AG, aedeagus. no USI. AH, right paramere; AI, left paramere; AJ, genital capsule. The smaller scale is for genital capsule, the larger scale is for aedeagi and parameres.

Figure 21. Female genitalia, bursa copulatrix. Pseudodoniella pacifica AMNH_PBI 45974. A, dorsal labiate plate. AMNH_PBI 20192. B, posterior wall. Yangambia vesiculata AMNH_PBI 19084. C, dorsal labiate plate; D, posterior wall. Platyngomiris coreoides AMNH_PBI 19643. E, dorsal labiate plate; F, posterior wall. Ragwelellus indonesicus AMNH_PBI 46074. G, dorsal labiate plate; H, posterior wall. Poppiusia leroyi AMNH_PBI 5049. I, dorsal labiate plate; J, posterior wall. Ragwelellus suspectus no USI. K, dorsal labiate plate; L, posterior wall. Ragwelellus magnificus AMNH_PBI 19384. M, posterior wall. Ragwelellus vittatus no USI. N, dorsal labiate plate; O, posterior wall. Sahlbergella singularis AMNH_PBI 20212. P, dorsal labiate plate; Q, posterior wall. Sahlbergella tai PT AMNH_PBI 5106. R, dorsal labiate plate. Volkeliopsis mindanao AMNH_PBI 5237. S, dorsal labiate; T, posterior wall.

Figure 24. Distribution maps of Monalonion, Odoniella, Pararculanus, Physophoroptera, Poppiusia, Ragwelellus, Rhopaliceschatus, Volkelius and Yangambia.