Pachypeltis, SIGNORET, 1858

Namyatova, Anna A. & Cassis, Gerasimos, 2016, Systematic revision and phylogeny of the plant bug tribe Monaloniini (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae) of the world, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (1), pp. 36-136 : 106-108

PACHYPELTIS SIGNORET

Figures 7 , 13D, K , 16T –AA, 20A–J, 23

Pachypeltis Signoret, 1858: 501 (gen. nov.; type species: Pachypeltis chinensis Signoret, 1858 by monotypy); Walker, 1873: 164 (cat.); Atkinson, 1890a: 51 (cat.); Reuter, 1903: 2 (descr.); Kirkaldy, 1906: 134 (list); Kuhlgatz, 1906: 29 (key to gen.); Reuter, 1910: 153 (cat.); Hsiao, 1942: 250 (key to gen., list.); Carvalho, 1952: 59 (cat.); Carvalho, 1955: 40 (key to gen.); Carvalho, 1957: 140 (cat.); Steyskal, 1973: 206 (correction); Carvalho, 1981: 41 (descr., disc., key to spp.); Schuh, 1995: 520 (cat.); Hu and Zheng, 2001: 421 (key to spp.); Schuh, 2002 –2013 (cat.); Namyatova et al., in press (phylogeny).

Disphinctus Stål, 1871: 668 (gen. nov.; type species Disphinctus sahlbergii Stål, 1858 by consequent designation Kirkaldy, 1902: 294); Walker, 1873: 161 (cat.); Atkinson, 1890a: 50 (cat.); Distant, 1904b: 443 (descr.); Kirkaldy, 1906: 134 (list); Reuter, 1910: 166 (syn.); Carvalho, 1957: 140 (cat.); Schuh, 1995: 520 (cat.); Schuh, 2002 –2013 (cat.).

Diagnosis: Pachypeltis is diagnosed by the following characters: row of punctures on clavus and R + M (fig. 11C, D in Namyatova et al., in press); calli merged (fig. 4A in Namyatova et al., in press); apex of scutellum often rounded (fig. 12C, D in Namyatova et al., in press); distance between head and pronotum subequal to half of eye diameter (fig. 4A in Namyatova et al., in press); frons without ridges or spines, without depression medially; LSI–II only twice as long as wide, LSII often more than twice as long as wide; ASII–IV filiform; scutellum often rounded apically; hind femur often distinctly curved (fig. 18C in Namyatova et al., in press); hemelytra with outer margins straight or slightly concave; membrane cell distinctly acute (fig. 13A in Namyatova et al., in press), distinctly longer than pronotum; ductus seminis shorter than phallotheca, without coils; and, outgrowths on phallobase supporting ductus seminis present, long or short ( Fig. 16T , fig. 22A in Namyatova et al., in press).

Redescription: Male: Body length 7–9 mm. COLORA- TION ( Fig. 7 ). Usually bright-colored, coloration varies from yellow with dark markings to dark brown to black with paler markings, sometimes orange or red; antennae, or, at least, ASII–IV, usually darker than body, brown to dark brown, corium sometimes with dark marking or darkened posteriorly. TEXTURE. Body smooth, without tubercles; head without wrinkles and flattened areas; pronotum impunctate, without wrinkles; scutellum impunctate, smooth or with transverse wrinkles; pair of punctures between mesoscutum and scutellum, striations on lateral margin of scutellum, and punctures on clavus and R + M present (fig. 11C, D in Namyatova et al., in press), pair of punctures on depression delimiting callosite region andsemicircular depression between scutellum and mesoscutum absent. VESTITURE. Body clothed with dense pale or dark simple setae, usually suberect, adpressed hemelytron and thoracic pleura, setae on abdomen suberect and adpressed; setae usually shorter, sometimes longer than width of hind tibia, tibia regularly setose; black spinules on femora absent, rows of black spinules on tibia present (as in fig. 18D in Namyatova et al., in press). STRUCTURE. Head. Distance between eye and pronotum shorter or subequal to eye length dorsally (fig. 4A in Namyatova et al., in press); occipital region not delimited or distinctly delimited with transverse depression; longitudinal depression on vertex indistinct; eyes not stylate, in line with contour of head, c. 0.2–0.3× as wide as head; distance between antennal fossae slightly longer than antennal fossae diameter; frons from only slightly to distinctly swollen, without ridges, outgrowths or longitudinal depression; anterior view of head c. 1.3– 1.4× as wide as high; eye c. 1.3–2× as high as distance from eye to apex of clypeus; antennal fossae round, diameter of fossa ca.0.25–0.35× as long as eye diameter, only slightly raised (fig. 3A in Namyatova et al., in press), inferior margin placed above of inferior margin of eye; base of clypeus placed near inferior margin of antennal fossa, delimited with more or less distinct or very shallow depression (fig. 3A in Namyatova et al., in press); head from slightly to distinctly swollen dorsally in lateral view; gula straight or slightly convex, c. 1.5–2× as long as buccula length. Labium. Length varying from slightly surpassing anterior margin of mesosternum to almost reaching middle of mesosternum; LSI twice as long as wide, LSII c. 2–3.5× as long as wide, as long as or longer than LSII; LSIII ca.1.5– 3.5× subequal to or slightly shorter than LSII; LSIV c. 2.5–6× as long as wide, c. 1.5–2× as long as LSIII. Antenna. Length varying from reaching base of cuneus to surpassing apex of cuneus; LSI c. 0.5–0.7× as long as head width, widened medially (fig. 8D in Namyatova et al., in press), LSII c. 3.5–5.8 times as long as LSI, c. 1.1–2× as long as head and pronotum combined; LSIII c. 0.5–0.7× as long as LSIII; LSIV c. 0.4–0.7× as long as LSIII; LSII–IV filiform. Thorax. Collar fused with callosite region posteriorly, flat or swollen; calli fused with each other; callosite region delimited posteriorly with depression (fig. 4A in Namyatova et al., in press); humeral angles of pronotum not dilated; posterior margin of pronotum slightly concave or sinuate (fig. 4A in Namyatova et al., in press); scutellum almost flat or moderately swollen (fig. 11C, D in Namyatova et al., in press), often obtuse apically, rarely acute, without outgrowth or ridge, with or without shallow medial depression; metepimeron enlarged, c. 2–4× as long as wide, usually bifurcate ( Fig. 13D ); metasternum with medial projection on to the abdominal segment II (fig. 17A in Namyatova et al., in press). Hemelytron. Costal margin of hemelytron straight or slightly concave medially; claval commissure c. 1–2× as long as scutellum, its margins straight (fig. 11C, D in Namyatova et al., in press); R + M distinct, reaching posterior margin of corium; medial fracture strongly inclined towards midline; corium not raised posteriorly; cuneus c. 1–4× as long as wide, c. 0.6–1.3× as long as pronotum, its medial margin straight or slightly concave (fig. 13A in Namyatova et al., in press); membrane cell elongate, distinctly surpassing apex of cuneus, forming acute angle (fig. 13A in Namyatova et al., in press), c. 1–2× as long as pronotum; auxiliary vein often present, short; distance from cell to membrane c. 0.3– 0.6× as long as cell length. Legs. Forecoxae contiguous (fig. 17A in Namyatova et al., in press); femora slightly swollen apically (fig. 18C in Namyatova et al., in press); fore- and middle femora straight, hind femur often distinctly curved, sometimes almost straight; tibia without swellings; foretibia shorter than head and pronotum combined; segments of hind tarsus subequal in length (fig. 29A in Namyatova et al., in press), sometimes segment I longer than segments I and II each and segments I and II subequal in length, or segment I slightly longer than segment II and as long as segment III; apical third part of claw curved; basal tooth on claw elongate, concave ( Fig. 13K ). Genitalia ( Fig. 16T –AA, fig. 22A–D in Namyatova et al., in press). Genital capsule longer or shorter than wide, without outgrowth(s), its ventral wall not shortened anteriorly; left paramere c. 3.5–4 times as long as right paramere, distinctly r-shaped; phallobase sclerite of primary gonopore bowl-shaped or oval, with long or short outgrowth(s), supporting ductus seminis; ductus seminis not sclerotized basally or apically, distinctly shorter than phallotheca, without coils; sclerotized part of phallotheca broad, occupying entire dorsal part, rounded apically, without outgrowth or ridge; endosoma with fields of small spicules, sometimes with number of elongate spicules, sometimes with both.

Female: Body length 6–12 mm. Coloration, surface, vestiture and structure as in male ( Fig. 7 ). Genitalia ( Fig. 20A–J , fig. 23H in Namyatova et al., in press). DLP with sclerotized ring anteriorly, sometimes covered with membrane, or with two sclerotized bands, or with two sclerotized rings; DLP with or without striations, without additional sclerites; lateral oviduct widely separated, placed in posterior half of DLP, sometimes slightly below midline; spermathecal gland placed in posterior half of DLP, medially, sometimes almost at posterior margin; posterior wall covered with small tubercles, sometimes with outgrowths and small sclerites; base of second valvula slightly concave; ventral wall of bursa copulatrix membranous.

Figures

Figure 7. Habitus photographs. Lycidocoris mimeticus ♂ AMNH_PBI 5076, ♀ AMNH_PBI 5085; Lycidocoris thoracicus ♂ AMNH_PBI 5105, ♀ AMNH_PBI 5044; Poppiusia leroyi ♂ AMNH_PBI 19314, ♀ AMNH_PBI 5048; Pachypletis reuteri ♂ AMNH_PBI 5224, ♀ AMNH_PBI 271339; Pachypeltis chinensis ♂ AMNH_PBI 19285, ♀ AMNH_PBI 19304; Dimia inexpectata ♂ PT AMNH_PBI 271336, ♀ PT 19313; Parapachypeltis punctatus ♀ PT AMNH_PBI 19331; Pararculanus madagascariensis ♂ HT AMNH_PBI 271337, ♀ AMNH_PBI 271333; Pararculanus piperis ♂ AMNH_PBI 5060, ♀ AMNH_PBI 5062; Villiersicoris sessensis ♂ no USI label (BMNH), ♀ type AMNH_PBI 19435.

Figure 13. Scanning electron micrographs. Metepimeron. A, Helopletis pellucida sex unknown AMNH_PBI 19628; B, Afropeltis hyalospilosus ♂ AMNH_PBI 5137; C, Poppiusia leroyi ♀ AMNH_PBI 5838; D, Pachypeltis reuteri ♂ AMNH_PBI 45980; E, Odoniella reuteri ♂ AMNH_PBI 19194. Setae on hemelytron. F, Boxia khayae ♂ AMNH_PBI 5065. Fore- and middle femora. G, Physophoropterella bondroiti ♂ AMNH_PBI 19110. Hind femur. H, Helopeltis pellucida sex unknown AMNH_PBI 19628. Hind tarsus. I, Physophoropterella bondroiti ♂ AMNH_PBI 19110. Claw, lateral view. J, Chamus sp. sex unknown, not databased; K, Pachypeltis brevirostris sp. nov. sex unknown, not databased; L, Helopeltis bradyi sex unknown, not databased.

Figure 16. Male genitalia, dorsal view. Mansoniella flava AMNH_PBI 19270. A, aedeagus; B, right paramere; C, left paramere; D, genital capsule. Mansoniella sassafti AMNH_PBI 19276. E, aedeagus; F, right paramere; G, left paramere; H, genital capsule. Monalonion dissimulatum no USI. I, aedeagus; J, right paramere; K, left paramere; L, genital capsule. Odoniellia rubra AMNH_PBI 18951. M, aedeagus. AMNH_PBI 18950. N, right paramere; O, left paramere; P, genital capsule. Odoniellia similis AMNH_PBI 5036. Q, aedeagus; R, left paramere; S, genital capsule. Pachypeltis chinensis no USI. T, aedeagus; U, right paramere; V, left paramere; W, genital capsule. Pachypeltis sp. (Bouganville) AMNH_PBI 46046. P, aedeagus; Q, right paramere; R, left paramere; S, genital capsule. Pararculanus madagascariensis no USI. X, aedeagus; Y, right paramere; Z, left paramere; AA, genital capsule. Pararculanus piperis AMNH_PBI 18979. AB, aedeagus; AC, right paramere; AD, left paramere; AMNH_PBI 271336. AE, genital capsule. The smaller scale is for genital capsule, the larger scale is for aedeagi and parameres.

Figure 20. Female genitalia, bursa copulatrix. Pachypletis sp. (Australia) AMNH_PBI 19328. A, dorsal labiate; B, posterior wall. Pachypeltis sp. (Bouganville) AMNH_PBI 34149. C, dorsal labiate plate; D, posterior wall. Pachypletis chinensis AMNH_PBI 19593. E, dorsal labiate plate; F, posterior wall. Pachypletis reuteri AMNH_PBI 20215. G, dorsal labiate plate; H, posterior wall. Pachypeltis marginalis AMNH_PBI 20214. I, dorsal labiate plate; J, posterior wall. Parapachypeltis punctatus PT AMNH_PBI 21342. K, dorsal labiate plate; L, posterior wall. Pararculanus madagascariensis AMNH_PBI 271333. M, dorsal labiate plate; N, posterior wall. Pararculanus sp. AMNH_PBI 5062. O, dorsal labiate plate; P, posterior wall. Physophoroptera sp. AMNH_PBI 5083. Q, dorsal labiate plate; R, posterior wall. Physophoropterella bondroiti AMNH_PBI 5037. S, dorsal labiate plate; T, posterior wall.