Brevistoma hackeri Hölzel, 1999

Zheng, Yuchen, Ni, Ziyang, Aspöck, Ulrike, Aspöck, Horst, Badano, Davide, Nel, André & Liu, Xingyue, 2025, A hidden treasure along Silk Roads: An unexpected new species of spoon-winged lacewings from Xinjiang, China, and a revision of the genus Brevistoma Tjeder, 1967 (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae), Zootaxa 5566 (1), pp. 97-118 : 106-109

Brevistoma hackeri Hölzel, 1999

( Figs 1D ; 7 ; 11E–F ; 12 )

Brevistoma hackeri Hölzel, 1999: 140 (type locality: Yemen, Shabwah, 5 km SSO Mayfa’ah; holotype in NHMW). Hölzel, 2002: 135 ( Brevistoma ). Güsten, 2003: 137 ( Brevistoma ).

Diagnosis. Head mostly yellowish brown, vertex generally grey. Male antenna nearly 2/3 length of forewing; female antenna nearly half as long as forewing length. Pronotum mainly greyish. Mesoprescutum and mesoscutellum greyish; mesonotum generally greyish, medially with a pair of yellowish-brown markings. Hind wing nearly more than twice length of forewing. Abdomen mostly dark brown, terga 5–8 each posteriorly with a yellowish-brown transversal marking. Male posterior gonocoxites 9 slender hook-like in lateral view; gonostyli 11 subtriangular in caudal view, narrow linguiform in dorsal view.

Re-description. Size. Head width 2.06–2.12 mm; forewing length 18.57–24.27 mm; hind wing length 39.35– 55.39 mm.

Head. Mostly yellowish brown. Vertex barely raised, generally greyish. Male antenna nearly 2/3 length of forewing; female antenna nearly half as long as forewing length. Scape and pedicel pale yellow; flagellum brown, covered with many short-tapered setae ( Figs 11E–F ). Each flagellomere wider than long in male. Female frons longer than wide. Male clypeus wider than long, female clypeus as long as wide. Labrum brown, truncated on distal margin. Maxillary palpus columniform. Labial palpus slender. Cardo and stipe yellowish brown. Mandibles brown, elongate. Rostrum nearly as long as half of head width ( Figs 7E–G ).

Thorax. Mostly grey. Pronotum mainly greyish. Mesoprescutum and mesoscutellum greyish; mesonotum generally greyish, medially with a pair of yellowish-brown markings. Metanotum extremely short. Meso- and metapleurae generally pale yellow. Meso- and metapleurae generally greyish ( Fig. 7E ).

Legs. Slender, generally yellowish brown. Tibial spur weakly developed. Tarsomeres 2–4 with some stout setae ventrally; pretarsal claws dark reddish brown, slightly curved ( Fig. 7D ).

Wings. Forewing generally hyaline, apex rounded; subcostal area hyaline; pterostigma pale; costal crossvein not forked; 12–13 presectoral crossveins present; RP with four branches; 3A not closed to forewing margin. Hind wing slender, ribbon-like, nearly more than twice length of forewing; distal part of hind wing with two dark brown markings; pterostigma pale ( Figs 1D ; 7A–C ).

Abdomen. Mostly dark brown, terga 5–8 each posteriorly with a yellowish-brown transversal marking. Male genitalia. Sternum 9 nearly twice as long as ectoproct, rectangular in ventral view, covered with some slender setae ( Fig. 7H ). Anterior gonocoxites 9 short, nearly as long as gonostyli 11 in lateral view, V-shaped in ventral view; posterior gonocoxites 9 slender hook-like, protruded dorsally in lateral view, stick-like in caudal view; gonocoxites 11 thick arched, medially with some short setae; gonostyli 11 as a pair of wide lingulate processes; subtriangular in caudal view; narrow linguiform and upward in dorsal view. Ectoproct subtriangular in lateral view ( Fig. 7L–P ). Female genitalia. Gonocoxites 9 long ovoid, medial part slightly concaved in lateral view, covered with some short setae. Ectoproct rounded on distal margin, covered with some short setae ( Fig. 7J–K ).

Type material examined. Holotype ♂, YEMEN: Shabwah, 14°15′93″N, 47°36′08″E, 5 km sos Mayta’ah, 440 m, 30.IV.1998, A. Bischof, J. Bittermann, M. Fibiger, H. Hacker, H. Peks, H-P. Schreier ( NHMW) . Paratypes 1♂ 8♀, same information as holotype ( NHMW) .

Additional material examined. 3♀, YEMEN: Hadramaut, 14°47′44″N, 49°15′16″E, 25 km nne Al Mukalla, Al Ain , 20 km Ar Rayyan, 100 m, 1.V1998, A. Bischof, J. Bittermann, M. Fibiger, H. Hacker, H. Peks, H-P. Schreier ( NHMW) .

Distribution: Yemen (Hadramaut, Shabwah).

Remarks: This species can be distinguished from other species of Brevistoma by the generally greyish thorax and abdomen and the male posterior gonocoxites 9 that are most slender in lateral view among all species of this genus.

The type series of this species includes the holotype and 12 paratypes from Yemen and deposited in NHMW as noted in Hölzel (1999). However , aside from the holotype, we found that none of the other specimens of this species bears a paratype label during our examination of the types in NHMW. Among them, most specimens have their collecting information identical to that of the holotype as in the original description. Furthermore , the figure of a paratype in the original description ( Hölzel 1999: fig. 22) matches one of the specimens we examined (which does not have a paratype label). Accordingly, we determined nine specimens with collecting information identical to the holotype as paratypes. However, for the other three specimens, as their collecting information are slightly different from that of the holotype, we have no evidence to confirm that they are paratypes, thus we have to treat them as additional materials.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Type of Brevistoma spp. A: Lertha dumonti Navás, 1924, syntype in MNHN (current name: B. bardii (Navás, 1914). B: Savigniella bourboni Navás, 1931, lectotype in MNHN (current name: B. bourboni (Navás, 1931) stat. rev.). C: B. gallagheri Hölzel, 1999, holotype in NHMW. D: B. hackeri Hölzel, 1999, holotype in NHMW.

FIGURE 7. Brevistoma hackeri Hölzel, 1999, types. A: Part of habitus, female, paratype. B: Distal hind wing, male, holotype. C: Distal hind wing, female, paratype. D: Head and thorax, lateral view, male, holotype. E: Head and thorax, dorsal view, male, holotype. F: Head, frontal view, male, holotype. F: Head, frontal view, female, paratype. Male terminalia: H. Lateral view. I. Ventral view. Female terminalia: J. Lateral view. K. Ventral view. Male genitalia: L. Caudal view. M. Ventral view. N. Cephalic view. O. Lateral view. P. dorsal view.

FIGURE 11. Antennae of Brevistoma spp.A. B. bardii (Navás, 1914), male, from Ghardaia (Algeria). B. B. bardii, female, from Tunisia. C. B. bourboni (Navás, 1931) stat. rev., male, lectotype. D. B. gallagheri Hölzel, 1999, male, holotype. E. B. hackeri Hölzel, 1999, male, holotype. F: B. hackeri, female, paratype. G. B. raksasiae Zheng, Ni & Liu sp. nov., holotype, male. H. B. raksasiae sp. nov., paratype, female. I. Brevistoma sp., female, from Sudan.

FIGURE 12. Geographical distribution of Brevistoma bardii (red circle:Brevistoma bardii; purple circle: B. bourboni; yellowish circle: B. gallagheri; turquoise circle: B. hackeri; blue circle: B. raksasinae sp. nov.; grayish circle: B. sp.)