Peinaleopolynoe mineoi Hatch & Rouse, 2020

Hatch, Avery S., Liew, Haebin, Hourdez, Stephane & Rouse, Greg W., 2020, Hungry scale worms Phylogenetics of Peinaleopolynoe (Polynoidae, Annelida), with four new species, ZooKeys 932, pp. 27-74 : 27

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.48532
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7C93908F-F97E-4ABB-BD7E-CD68C38790E9
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D5CFC88-113C-4DBC-8EC1-72D5641FFB04
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:2D5CFC88-113C-4DBC-8EC1-72D5641FFB04
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Peinaleopolynoe mineoi Hatch & Rouse
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Peinaleopolynoe mineoi Hatch & Rouse sp. nov. Figures 7D View Figure 7 , 10D View Figure 10 , 16 View Figure 16 , 17 View Figure 17

Type locality.

Mound 12, Costa Rica (8°55.99'N, 84°18.45'W), ROV “SuBastian” Dive S0215, 1011 m depth, 8 January 2019.

Material examined.

Type specimen: Holotype (SIO-BIC A10071) on bones deployed at Mound 12, Costa Rica (8°55.99'N, 84°18.45'W), ROV “SuBastian” Dive S0215, 1011 m depth, 8 January 2019; fixed and preserved in 95% ethanol. Paratypes: One specimen (SIO-BIC A10070) from the same location as holotype; fixed and preserved in 95% ethanol. One specimen (SIO-BIC A9709) from on bones deployed at Mound 12, Costa Rica (8°55.8'N, 84°18.70'W), HOV “Alvin” Dive AD4974, 992 m depth, 20 October 2018; fixed and preserved in 95% ethanol. One specimen (MZUCR 1001-01) (SIO-BIC A9919) on a piece of decayed wood found at Mound 11, Costa Rica (8°55.33'N, 84°18.27'W), HOV “Alvin” Dive AD4988, 1010 m depth, 3 November 2018; fixed in formalin and preserved in 50% ethanol, with elytra fixed and preserved in 95% ethanol.

Description.

In life, large, overlapping, iridescent, semi-transparent elytra covering the dorsum. Dorsum with ciliated transverse bands extending onto bases of elytrophores and dorsal tubercles. Chaetae extending beyond the width of elytra (Fig. 7D View Figure 7 ). Twenty-one segments total (Fig. 16A, B View Figure 16 ). Elytra and elytrophores large, bulbous, nine pairs, on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 (Fig. 16A View Figure 16 ). Elytra sub-reniform, very thin, with several rounded broad macrotubercles along the posterior margin (Figs 7D View Figure 7 , 16D View Figure 16 ). Pharynx with seven dorsal border papillae and six ventral border papillae (Fig. 16C View Figure 16 ). Bilobed prostomium with triangular anterior lobes bearing short, thin, very delicate lateral antennae (= minute frontal filaments, sensu Pettibone 1993). Smooth median antenna with bulbous ceratophore in anterior notch. Eyes lacking. Pair of thick, smooth, tapering palps (Fig. 16E View Figure 16 ). Segment 1 with dorsal and ventral pairs of smooth, tapering anterior cirri (= tentacular cirri, sensu Pettibone 1993), approximately the same length as palps. Ventral anterior cirri slightly shorter than dorsal anterior cirri. Cirrophores of anterior cirri long and cylindrical, each with small acicular lobe on inner side (Fig. 16E, F View Figure 16 ). Smooth ventral cirri on segments 2-21. Buccal cirri of segment 2 modified, with bulbous ceratophores and longer styles, ca. four times the length of remaining ventral cirri (Fig. 16F View Figure 16 ). Buccal cirri attached to base of neuropodia. Ventral cirri on segments 3-21 attached to middle of neuropodia, with bulbous ceratophores and short, tapering styles (Fig. 16B, F View Figure 16 ). Dorsal cirri present on non-elytrigerous segments 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21. Cirrophores of dorsal cirri cylindrical, rather long, fused to posterior sides of notopodia. Styles of dorsal cirri long, extending beyond length of chaetae. Segment 19 modified, lacking dorsal cirri and elytrophores (Fig. 16I View Figure 16 ). Arborescent branchiae small with thin terminal filaments, beginning on segment 3 (Fig. 16E View Figure 16 ) and continuing to segment 16 (Fig. 16I View Figure 16 ). Branchiae forming single groups on elytrigerous segments, attached to bases of notopodia. Branchiae forming two groups on cirrigerous segments; small groups attached to dorsal tubercles and larger groups attached near bases of notopodia (Fig. 16G View Figure 16 ). Four pairs of ventral segmental papillae on segments 12-15 (Fig. 16B View Figure 16 ); medium length, curved laterally (Fig. 16H View Figure 16 ). Pygidium with a pair of relatively short anal cirri (Fig. 16J View Figure 16 ). Parapodia biramous. Neuropodia ca. twice the length of notopodia, with an acicular process. On cirrigerous segments, notopodia with dorsal tubercles possessing small bundles of branchiae (Fig. 17A, B View Figure 17 ). Notopodia extending distally into acicular processes. Notochaetae forming radiating bundles, stout, with double rows of spines (Fig. 17C View Figure 17 ). Notochaetae almost as long as neurochaetae. Neurochaetae slender, forming fan-shaped bundles (Fig. 17A, B View Figure 17 ). Superior neurochaetae (supra-acicular) with double rows of spines and very slightly curved tips (Fig. 17D View Figure 17 ). Inferior neurochaetae (sub-acicular) with double rows of teeth from the mid swelling to the hooked tips; smooth beneath the mid swelling (Fig. 17E View Figure 17 ). Inferior neurochaetae teeth are less prominent than the superior neurochaetae spines. Hooked jaws with large, rounded, protruding teeth on inner borders (Fig. 10D View Figure 10 ).

Morphological variation.

Holotype is 14 mm long, 7 mm wide, including chaetae. Paratypes range from 13-15 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, including chaetae.

Remarks.

Peinaleopolynoe mineoi sp. nov. is the sister taxon to the remaining Peinaleopolynoe spp. (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ) and like most of them has nine pairs of elytra and segment 19 lacking dorsal cirri and elytrophores (Table 5 View Table 5 ). Additionally, the four pairs of ventral papillae are tapering and curved laterally, as in all Peinaleopolynoe spp., excluding P. orphanae sp. nov. The angle of the ventral part of the neuroacicular lobe is nearly horizontal, distinct from P. goffrediae sp. nov. (Table 5 View Table 5 ). Peinaleopolynoe mineoi sp. nov. possesses several broadly rounded macrotubercles on the posterior margin of the elytra, quite distinct from the pointed macrotubercles found in P. santacatalina and P. goffrediae sp. nov., and the single, pointed macrotubercle found in P. elvisi sp. nov. (Table 5 View Table 5 ). Peinaleopolynoe mineoi sp. nov. is unique among Peinaleopolynoe taxa in having large, rounded, protruding teeth on the inner borders of their jaws.

Etymology.

Peinaleopolynoe mineoi sp. nov. is named after Ronald M. Mineo, MD, in recognition of support from the Mineo family, their interest in the deep sea, and support for our research.

Ecology.

Peinaleopolynoe mineoi sp. nov. was found associated with bones and wood (Table 5 View Table 5 ). Like P. santacatalina and P. orphanae sp. nov., it may be more of a habitat generalist than other Peinaleopolynoe .