Encyclia argentinensis (Speg.) Hoehne (1952: 150)

Bastos, Cláudia A., Meneguzzo, Thiago E. C. & Berg, Cássio Van Den, 2018, A taxonomic revision of the Brazilian species of Encyclia (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Epidendreae), Phytotaxa 342 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

4. Encyclia argentinensis (Speg.) Hoehne (1952: 150) . Basionym: Epidendrum argentinense Spegazzini (1916: 135) . Type:— ARGENTINA. Misiones: surroundings of San Pedro, no date, Spegazzini s.n. (lectoype designated by Meneguzzo et al. (2010): illustration published in Spegazzini 1916, p. 136!) ( Figs. 6 , 24E ).

Heterotypic synonyms:

Encyclia saltensis Hoehne (1938: 19) . Type:— ARGENTINA. Salta: Orán, Urundel, Montealto, 6. December 1913, Rodriguez 1164 (lectoype designated by Meneguzzo et al. 2010: SP 36510-A!).

Encyclia burlemarxii Pabst (1979: 313) . Type:— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Baixo Guandu, 5 November 1978, Burle Marx s.n. (holotype: HB 69136 !).

Encyclia goyazensis Menezes ex Fowlie (1991: 94) . Encyclia goyazensis Menezes (1991e: 14) . nom. superfl. Type:— BRAZIL. Goiás: Marzagão e Caldas Novas, 26 October 1990, Menezes UB7 (holotype: UB!).

Encyclia schmidtii Menezes ex Fowlie (1991a: 92) . Type:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Sorriso, Chapada dos Parecis, no date, Schmidt sub Menezes UB 6 (holotype: UB; epitype designated by Meneguzzo et al. (2010) because the type specimen is too fragmentary to clearly determine its designation: photographs on the bottom and right in Menezes ex Fowlie, 1991a: 93!).

Encyclia piracanjubensis Menezes (1991e: 16) . Type:— BRAZIL. Goiás: Piracanjuba , 9 November 1990, Menezes, Lima & Salu UB 10 (holotype: UB!).

Encyclia santosdumontii Menezes (1992b: 12) . Type :— BRAZIL. Distrito Federal: 6º Comando Aéreo, 19 November 1991, Menezes UB 29 (holotype: UB!).

Encyclia pedra-azulensis Menezes (1992a: 148) . Type:— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Morro de Pedra Azul, November 1991, Damião sub Menezes UB28 (lectotype designated by Meneguzzo et al. 2010: photograph in Menezes 1992a: 149!).

Encyclia perazolliana González (1992a: 21) . Type:—not designated, nom. inval.

Encyclia meneziana González (1992b: 39) . Type:— BRAZIL. Goiás: Goiandira , November 1989, Gonzalez Raposo sub Menezes UB 27 (holotype: UB!).

Encyclia clovesiana Menezes & Castro Neto (2007: 19) . Type :— BRAZIL. Rondônia: Alto Alegre dos Parecis, November 2006, Araujo sub Menezes UB 99 (holotype: UB!).

Epiphytic, occasionally lithophyte herbs, 31−43 cm tall. Pseudobulbs conical, 3.5−5.0 × 0.4−2.0 cm. Leaves 1−2, oblong, 29−41 × 0.6−1.8 cm, apex acute. Inflorescence a densely 10–12-flowered, sometimes compound raceme; peduncle 24−39 cm long; rachis 19−27 cm long. Flowers with pedicel 1.90−2.50 × 0.15−0.30 cm, warty; sepals yellowbrownish, dorsal lanceolate, c. 2.0−2.1 × 0.5−0.6 cm, laterals lanceolate, 1.9−2.1 × 0.5−0.7 cm, erect, margin entire, apex acute; petals yellow-brown, spathulate, acute to mucronate, 1.8−2.0 × 0.5−0.7 cm, erect, margin entire to weakly serrate; lip with claw 0.1−0.3 × 0.2−0.4 cm, lateral lobes oblong, obtuse, free from midlobe, 0.7−1.1 × 0.4−0.5 cm, yellowish, at a ˂45° angle to midlobe (in the flattened lip), not overlapping it, margin entire, midlobe elliptic, oval or rounded, obtuse to mucronate, 0.7−1.0 × 0.7−1.1 cm, white with a few pink traces, flat, margin weakly undulate, callus cymbiform, apex of the callus trifid; column clavate, 1.0−1.9 × 0.3−0.5 cm, clinandrium apex tridentate, lateral teeth triangular, apex acute, arms of the column oval, 0.1−0.2 × 0.1−0.15 cm, apex truncate to obtuse; stigma obtrianular, with basal hooks; anther one, pink, c. 0.2−0.3 × 0.2−0.3 cm.

Distribution and habitat:— Encyclia argentinensis has a broad distribution, occurring in northern Argentina ( Meneguzzo et al. 2012) and central western and southeastern Brazil ( Fig. 4 ). It grows in the cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Amazon Rainforest phytogeographical domains, with preference for the first.

Phenology:— Flowering June–February.

Etymology:— A reference to the origin of the type material in Argentina.

Taxonomic Notes:— Variation in floral morphology in E. argentinensis , especially the lip, led to the description of many names (Fowlie 1991a, Menezes 1992a, 1996 b, 1992e, Primão 1997), here considered synonyms. Despite differences in lip size and midlobe shape (elliptical, oval or rounded), all of them have in common a lip with a trifid callus, and the samples belonging to these taxa clustered closely together in the molecular phylogenetic study of Bastos (2014). This analysis included three samples of each morphotype, supporting the extensive synonymy for E. argentinensis proposed by Meneguzzo et al. (2012) based on lip callus morphology, flowering times and geographical distribution.

Selected specimens examined:— ARGENTINA. Cordoba: Campo Grande , 600 m, 30 November 1927, no collector (K-L) . Jujuy: Ledesma, Serra Calilegua, 600 m, 19 October 1938, Eyerdam & Beetle 22672 (K-L); Quinta- Palma , 16 November 1973, Cabrera et al. 24228 ( MBM) . BRAZIL. Distrito Federal: Brasília , 1 November 1967, no collector ( ESA 24186 ) ; Ceilândia, Basin of the São Bartolomeu River , 1096 m, 27 November 1980, Heringer et al. 5797 ( IBGE, K) . Espírito Santo: Baixo Guandu , 64 m, 26 November 1978, Burle-Marx s.n. ( HB 69138 ) ; Santa Tereza , 792 m, 15 January 1976, Emmerich s.n. ( HB 40871 ) . Goiás: Alexânia , no locality, 1008 m, 27 October 1990, Batista s.n. ( CEN 026611 ) ; Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Cachoeira de São Bento , 20 November 1999, Chagas s.n. ( HEPH 164330 ) ; Cristalina, São Marcos River , 20 October 1963, Márcia s.n. ( HB 88617 ) ; Ipameri, Fundão Farm , 18 October 1994, Santos et al. 52604 ( CEN) ; Iporá, Jacuba Farm , 489 m, 11 October 2008, Meneguzzo et al. 16 ( UB) ; Jataí , 14 October 2009, Bastos 288 ( HUEFS) ; Leopoldo de Bulhões , 950 m, 22 November 1958, no collector ( ESA 5241 ) ; Luziânia, Tamburil Farm , 975 m, 12 November 2002, Pereira-Silva et al. 7055 ( CEN) ; Morrinhos, Samambaia Stream , 748 m, no date, Rizzo & Barbosa 5598 ( UFG) ; Paraúna , 766 m, 18 October 1992, Batista 345 ( CEN) ; Piranhas, Piranha River , 25 September 1961, Pires 7838 ( IAN) ; Silvânia , 16 October 1989, Salles 1516 ( HEPH) . Mato Grosso: Alta Floresta, mountain near the Cristalino River , 21 July 2006, Sasaki et al. 135 ( INPA) ; Cocalinho , 239 m, December 2003, Pereira-Silva & Oliveira 3717 ( CEN) ; Cáceres, São Luiz de Cáceres , October 1908, Hoehne 633 ( R) ; Nova Maringá, Ponte de Pedra , no date, Hoehne, 2142 ( R) ; Ribeirão Cascalheira, Suia Missú River , 23 November 1968, Harley & Souza 11194 ( K) ; Sapezal, Reserva Cirecotinga , 386 m, 19 August 1996, Godinho & Macêdo 221 ( CEN) . Mato Grosso do Sul: Chapadão do Sul, Sucuriú River , 9 November 1966, no collector ( ESA 22409 ) ; Ivinhema, Vitória River , 25 October 2009, Ferreira s.n. ( UB) . Minas Gerais: Água Boa , 14 October 2009, Bastos. 300 ( HUEFS) ; Diamantina , June 1998, Pinheiro 169 & Pilliackas s.n. ( SP 361424 ) ; Formiga, Distrito de Baiões , 25 June 1957, Welter s.n. ( HB 4573 ) ; Frutal, Cachoeira do Marimbondo , 13 December 1965, Brolio s.n. ( SP 118408 ) ; Ituiutaba, Serra da Mesa , 456 m, 7 November 1996, Cavalcanti 2131 ( CEN) ; Jaboticatubas, Serra do Cipó , 20 October 1997, Forzza et al. 310 ( HUEFS, SPF) ; Lagoa Santa , no date, Warming s.n. ( P 410732 ) ; Medina, BR 116, 10 November 1985, Hatschbach & Silva 50012 ( HUEFS, MBM, UPCB) ; Patrocínio , 938 m, 5 November 1991, Valente 21 ( HEPH) ; Uberaba , 14 October 2009, Bastos 311 ( HUEFS) ; Serra do Cabral , 21 October 1977, no collector ( ESA 30672 ) . São Paulo: Barretos , 11 November 1960, no collector ( ESA 2134 ) ; Taquaritinga , 2 February 1972, Seidel 1022 ( HB) .

Figures

FIGURE 4. Distribution in Brazil of Encyclia advena, E. alboxanthina, E. andrichii, E. argentinensis, E. auyantepuiensis, E. bicalhoi and E. bohnkiana.

FIGURE 6. A−I. Encyclia argentinensis. A. Dorsal sepal. B. Lateral sepal. C. Petal. D. Lip. E. Detail lip callus. F. Column front view. G. Column side view (Bastos 300). H. Variation in the lip (Batista s.n. CEN 26611). I. Variation in the lip (Godinho 221). J−M. Encyclia auyantepuiensis. J. Dorsal sepal. K. Lateral sepals. L. Petal. M. Lip (Pessoa 1010). N−S. Encyclia bicalhoi. N. Dorsal sepal. O. Lateral sepal. P. Petal. Q. Lip. R. Detail of lip callus. S. Column side view (Bohnke s.n. SP 476498). T−A’. Encyclia bohnkiana. T. Habit (Popovkin 621). U. Dorsal sepal. V. Lateral sepal. X. Petal. W. lip. Y. Detail of lip callus. Z. Column front view. A’. Column side view (van den Berg 1577). B’. Variation in the lip (Meneguzzo 523). Illustration by Carla de Lima.

FIGURE 24. A. ×Catyclia ×intermedia. B. Encyclia advena. C. Encyclia alboxanthina. D. Encyclia andrichii. E. Encyclia argentinensis. F.Encyclia auyantepuiensis. G. Encyclia bohnkiana. H. Encyclia bracteata. I. Encyclia bragancae. J. Encyclia chapadensis. K. Encyclia chloroleuca. L. Encyclia conchaechila. M. Encyclia cyperifolia. (Photographers: A: A. Peres Júnior. B, D−E, G−J: C. van den Berg. C: U.C.S. Silva. F: E. Pessoa. K−L: T.E.C. Meneguzzo).