Suberea flavolivescens ( Hofman & Kielman, 1992 )

Ugalde, Diana, Fernandez, Julio C. C., Gómez, Patricia, Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele & Simões, Nuno, 2021, An update on the diversity of marine sponges in the southern Gulf of Mexico coral reefs, Zootaxa 5031 (1), pp. 1-112 : 91-92

Suberea flavolivescens ( Hofman & Kielman, 1992)

Tables 6, 7; Figs. 85A–C , 88J

Synonymy: Axinyssa flavolivescens: Hofman & Kielman (1992: 210) ; Suberea ? flavolivescens, Rützler et al. (2014: 100) ; Suberea flavolivescens: Pérez et al. (2017: 9) .

Type locality. Santa Marta , Colombia .

Material examined. CNPGG-2169, Cayo Arcas reef (20.1956°N, 91.9599°W), 10 m depth, coll. Diana Ugal- de. 24 April 2018 ; CNPGG-2216, Cayo Arcas reef (20.1996°N, 91.9668°W), 4.1 m depth, coll. Diana Ugalde, 22 August 2018 .

Description. Encrusting habit with several papillae emerging from the bedrock ( Fig. 88J ). Papillae 0.7 cm in length, the encrusting endolithic body is 3 cm underground. Surface rugose. Oscules circular on top of papillae, 3 mm diameter. Color in vivo bright yellow, turning purple to black when exposed to air.

Skeleton. Fragments of coarse, dendritic fibers in which pith predominates, and filled with foreign material ( Figs. 85A–C ), 60–80 µm thick.

Distribution. Mexico (current records), Colombia ( Hofman & Kielman 1992 as Axynyssa), Belize ( Rützler et al. 2014).

Remarks. Suberea flavolivescens was originally recorded in the Colombian Caribbean as Axinyssa flavolivescens by Hofman & Kielman (1992). It was recently recorded in Belize by Rützler et al. (2014), who tentatively reallocated it in Suberea . However, the genus allocation is still pending, awaiting Zea’s study of the species. Our specimens fit with the description of Rützler et al (2014) in morphology, color, and the verongid fibers with debris. Our finding corresponds to an extension in the distribution of the species and a new record for the GoM.

Order Chondrillida Redmond, Morrow, Thacker, Diaz, Boury-Esnault, Cardenas, Hajdu, Lobo-Hajdu, Picton, Pomponi, Kayal & Collins, 2013

Figures

FIGURE 85. Suberea flavolivescens (Hofman & Kielman, 1992) (CNPGG-2216), skeleton and fibers:A–B. transversal section of the skeleton; C. detail of the spongin fibers. Scale bars: A–C = 100 µm.

FIGURE 88. In situ photographs of species analyzed in the present study: A. Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875) (CNPGG 2250); B. Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875) (CNPGG 2205); C. Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882), specimen from Alacranes reef (Campeche Bank), not collected; D. Aplysina fistularis (Pallas, 1766) (CNPGG-1235); E. Aplysina fistularis (Pallas, 1766) (CNPGG-1381); F. Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766) (CNPGG-2361); G. Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766) (CNPGG-1961); H. Aplysina insularis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (CNPGG-2255); I. Aplysina lacunosa (Lamarck, 1814) (CNPGG-1395); J. Suberea flavolivescens (Hofman & Kielman, 1992) (CNPGG-2169), arrows indicating specimens and surface detail zoomed in; K. Chondrilla caribensis Rützler, Duran & Piantoni, 2007 (CNPGG-2405); L. Chondrosia collectrix (Schmidt, 1870) (CNPGG- 2228). Scale bars, A–L = 1