Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff)

Beaver, R. A., Sittichaya, W. & Liu, L-Y., 2014, A Synopsis of the Scolytine Ambrosia Beetles of Thailand (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Zootaxa 3875 (1), pp. 1-82 : 48-49

93. Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff)

Xyleborus fornicatus Eichhoff, 1868: 151 .

Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff) : Wood, 1989: 173.

Thai distribution: C: Chanthaburi, Kanchanaburi, Suphanburi ; N: Chiang Mai ( Beaver 1990), Nan, Phetchabun ; NE: Sakhon Nakhon; S: Chumphon, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Songkhla, Trang .

New records: Chanthaburi, Khao Khitchakut NP, 500 m N/ Prabaht Unit , 12° 48.98' N, 102° 9.14' E, 12 m, MT,1–8.ix., 15–22.ix.2008 (Suthida & Charoenchai) (2) ; Chumphon, Thung Tako Distr. , 10° 06' 03.3'' N, 99° 04' 59.1'' E, 20 m, ex durian branch, 1.x.2009 (W. Sittichaya) (2) ; Kanchanaburi, 14 o 04' N, 98 o 67' E, 18.vii.2002 (A. Cognato) (3) ; Loei, Phu Kradueng NP, Koke Hin Ngam , 16° 51.817' N, 101° 50.704' E, 270 m, pan trap, 10–11.viii.2006 (S. Khonglasae) (1) ; Phu Ruea NP, office, 17° 28.805' N, 101° 21.242' E, 870 m, MT, 12–19.vii.2006 (P. Tamtip) (1) ; Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Chang Klang Distr. , 08° 21' 33.7'' N, 99° 39' 02.9'' E, 60 m, durian plantation, ex durian branch, 1.iii.2010 (W. Sittichaya) (2) ; Namtok Yong NP, 8° 10.434' N, 99° 44.508' E, 80 m, MT, 29.vii–5.viii., 22–29.xii.2008 (U-prai, K.) (2) ; as previous except: Pan trap, 11–12.vii., 25–26.vii.2008 (2); Nan, Doi Phu Kha NP, Office 15, 19° 12.133' N, 101° 4.756' E, 1310 m, MT, 8–15.xii.2007 (Charoen & Nikom) (1) ; Phetchabun, Khao Kho NP, View point at Klump stream, 16° 39.12' N, 101° 7.81' E, 246 m, pan trap, 9–10.ix.2006 (S. Chachumnan & S. Singtong) (1) ; Sakhon Nakhon, Phu Phan NP, nr house no.1567, 16° 48.628' N, 103° 53.591' E, 522 m, dry evergreen [forest], pan traps, 9–10.vi.2007 (W. Kongnara) (1) ; Songkhla, Ratthaphum distr. , ex durian branch, 13.ix.2009 (W. Sittichaya) (5) ; Suphanburi, Pu Toei NP, Huai Mongpae / stream, 14° 56.981' N, 99° 26.733' E, 300 m, MT, 1–8.viii.2008 (Saunbua, L.) (2) ; as previous except: 14° 58.4' N, 99° 26.017' E, 763 m, Pinus merkusii forest, MT, 1–7.ix.2008 (Wangkum, P.) (1) ; Surat Thani, Khao Sok NP, ex jackfruit branch, 24.iii.2006 (J. Hulcr et al.) (1) ; Khlong Phanom NP, 23.ii.2012 ( R. A. Beaver) (2) ; Trang, Khao Chong Nature Educ . Centre, lowland trop. rain forest, 21–24.vii.1996 ( R. A. Beaver) (1).

Other distribution: From the Indian subcontinent throughout Southeast Asia, extending North to Taiwan and Japan (Ryukyu Is.), and East to New Guinea, Australia and the Pacific islands. Imported to and established in eastern and western North America ( Haack 2006, Rabaglia et al. 2006), and other areas, including Israel, Madagascar and Panama. (4)

Taxonomy: There have recently been intensive studies of this species which appears to comprise more than one sibling species, indistinguishable morphologically, but with clearly distinct DNA and different species of ambrosia fungi ( Eskalen et al. 2013, Freeman et al. 2013).

Biology: Highly polyphagous ( Browne 1961a). Various aspects of the biology of the species are described by Kalshoven (1958), Browne (1961a), Sivapalan (1975, 1977), Walgama and Zalucki (2006) and others. The species is well-known as a pest of tea plantations in Sri Lanka and southern India, and can become a pest of fruit and other plantation trees (e.g. Hill 1983, Mendel et al. 2012, Eskalen et al. 2013).

Illustrations: P (e.g. Atkinson 2014, Hulcr 2013, PaDIL 2014); D ( Nunberg 1959 as Xyleborus fornicatus, Maiti & Saha 2004 ).