Asphondylia hancorniae Maia, 2023
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2023-0024 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:35A4C723-BC22-4409-8997-1D2616E4255E |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1064FE5E-DC22-FF97-5A68-B910FEF9FA9D |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Asphondylia hancorniae Maia |
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sp. nov. |
Asphondylia hancorniae Maia View in CoL , sp. nov. ( Figs. 1-6 View Figure 1 View Figure 2 View Figure 3 View Figure 4 View Figure 5 View Figure 6 )
urn:lsid:zoobank.org.act:8B190944-33AE-4EE0-84DE-BEAC2C577993
Diagnosis. Male hypoproct sligthly bilobed, male 8 th tergite dumbbell shaped; male 2 nd- 5 th sternites with concave anterior margin; female 2 nd- 4 th sternites with concave anterior margin; ovipositor with needle part 1.75-1.80 X length 7 th sternite; pupa: antennal horn with apical part 1.5 X length of basal part, upper frontal horn simple, lower frontal horn tridentate, 8 th abdominal segment with 6-9 dorsal spines in the posterior row; larva with spatula four-toothed and three setose lateral papillae of each side of spatula.
Male: Body: 4.35-5.80 mm long (n=6). Head ( Fig. 1a View Figure 1 ): globoid, 0.65-0.75 mm long, 0.70-0.75mm wide (n=5), eye facets hexagonal, closely appressed; antennae: flagellomeres 1 and 2 not fused, scape truncated conical, setose, 0.16-0.19 mm long, 0.08 mm wide (n=6), pedicel globose, setose, 0.06-0.08 mm long, 0.08 mm wide (n=7), 1 st- 11 th flagellomeres cylindrical, 12 th conical ( Fig. 1b View Figure 1 ), circumfila longitudinally wavy ( Fig. 1c View Figure 1 ), 1 st flagellomere 0.33-0.40 mm long, 0.05-0.06 mm wide (n=4), 2 nd flagellomere 0.27-0.33 mm long, 0.05-0.06 mm wide (n=5), 3 rd flagellomere 0.27-0.29 mm long, 0.05-0.06 mm wide (n=5), 4 th flagellomere 0.25 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (n=3), 5 th flagellomere 0.23-0.25 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (n=3), 6 th flagellomere 0.23 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (n=3), 7 th flagellomere 0.20 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (n=3), 8 th flagellomeres 0.18 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (n=3), 9 th flagellomere 0.20-0.26 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (n=5), 10 th flagellomere 0.21-0.24 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (n=5), 11 th flagellomere 0.20-0.23 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (n=5), 12 th flagellomeres 0.20-0.23 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (n=5), proportion flagellomere neck-node:1:14; frons with 29-41 (n=3); mouth parts: labrum long-attenuate, 0.10-0.14 mm long, 0.05-0.06 mm wide (n=5); hypopharynx of the same shape of labrum, with long lateral setulae, anteriorly directed, 0.18-0.20 mm long, 0.05-0.06 mm wide (n=5); labella elongate and convex, 0.07-0.08 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (n=5), with lateral and mesal setae; palpus 0.21-0.27 mm long (n=6): 1 st segment globoid, 0.02-0.03 mm long, 0.025-0.03 mm wide (n=7), 2 nd segment cylindrical, 0.06-0.08 mm long, 0.025-0.03 mm wide (n=7), 3 rd segment conical, 0.13-0.16 mm long, 0.02-0.03 mm wide (n=6), all segments with setae.
Thorax: scutum with two dorsocentral rows of setae, setae more abundant anteriorly and posteriorly, and irregular group of lateral setae on each side, scales intermixed; scutellum with scattered setae; anepimeron setose and anepisternum setose; remaining pleural sclerites bare; wing ( Fig. 1d View Figure 1 ): 2.95-3.40 mm long, 0.95-1.10 mm wide (n=5); legs: first tarsomere of each leg with an apical hook-like projection 0.03-0.04 mm long (n=5) ( Fig.1e View Figure 1 ), tarsal claws curved beyond midlength, isomorphic, empodium longer than claws ( Fig. 1f View Figure 1 ).
Abdomen ( Figs.2a,b, c View Figure 2 ): 1 st- 7 th tergites sclerotized, rectangular with a posterior row of setae, few lateral setae, mostly covered elsewhere with scales; 8 th tergite dumbbell shaped, bare; 2 nd- 8 th sternites more sclerotized than tergites, rectangular,2 nd- 5 th sternites with concave anterior margin, 6 th- 8 th sternites with convex anterior margin, 2 nd- 7 th sternites with a posterior row of setae, several setae at midlength and laterally, mostly covered elsewhere with scales; 8 th sternite entirely covered with setae, more abundant posteriorly, mostly covered elsewhere with scales. Trichoid sensillae not visible.
Terminalia ( Fig.2c View Figure 2 ): gonocoxite short and stout, 0.13-0.18 mm long, 0.10-0.12 mm wide (n=8), gonostylus spherical, 0.06-0.07 mm long, 0.06-0.07 mm wide (n=7), teeth 0.01 mm long, 0.03 mm wide (n=2), hypoproct slightly bilobed, lobes conical; cercal lobes ovoid; aedeagus conical, tapering towards apex.
Female: Body length: 5.10-5.40 mm (n=3). Head: 0.70 mm long, 0.65-0.70 mm wide (n=2); antennae: flagellomeres 1 and 2 not fused ( Fig. 3a View Figure 3 ), scape 0.17-0.18 mm long, 0.09 mm wide (n=3), pedicel 0.08 mm long, 0.08 mm wide (n=3), 1 st- 10 th flagellomeres cylindrical, 11 th ovoid, 12 th spheroid ( Fig. 3b View Figure 3 ), circumfila comprising two longitudinal bands connected sub basally and apically by two transverse bands ( Fig. 3c View Figure 3 ), 1 st flagellomere 0.40-0.42 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (n=3), 2 nd flagellomere 0.26-0.28 mm long, 0.05-0.06 mm wide (n=3), 3 rd flagellomere 0.26 mm, 0.05 mm wide (n=3), 4 th flagellomere 0.25 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (n=3), 5 th flagellomere 0.23-0.25 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (n=3), 6 th flagellomere 0.23 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (n=3), 7 th flagellomere 0.20 mm, 0.05 mm wide (n=3), 8 th flagellomere 0.18 mm, 0.05 mm wide (n=3); 9 th flagellomere 0.13-0.15 mm, 0.05 mm wide (n=3), 10 th flagellomere 0.09 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (n=3), 11 th flagellomere 0.06-0.07 mm, 0.05 mm wide (n=3), 12 th flagellomere 0.05-0.06 mm long, 0.05-0.06 mm wide (n=3), proportion flagellomere neck-node: 1:11; frons with 27-31 setae (n=3); mouthparts: labrum 0.12 mm long (n=1), hypopharynx 0.19 mm long (n=1), labellum 0.08-0.09 mm long (n=2), palpus 0.24-0.27 mm long (n=2): 1 st segment 0.03 mm long, 0.02-0.03 mm wide (n=2), 2 nd segment 0.09 mm long, 0.025-0.03 mm wide at midlength (n=2), 3 rd segment 0.12-0.15 mm long, 0.02 mm wide at midlength (n=2).
Thorax: apical projection of first tarsomere with 0.03 mm long (n=3), wing: 3.50 mm long, 1.20-1.30 mm wide (n=3); tarsal claws curved beyond midlength, isomorphic, empodium longer than claws ( Fig. 3d View Figure 3 ).
Abdomen ( Fig. 3e View Figure 3 ): 1 st –8 th tergites sclerotized, 1 st- 7 th tergites rectangular with a posterior row of setae, few lateral setae, and mostly covered elsewhere with scales, 8 th tergite with distal margin with lobes 0.15-0.16 mm long (n=2), 2 nd- 4 th sternites with concave anterior margin, 5 th- 8 th sternites with convex anterior margin; 6 th sternite 0.40-0.42 mm long (n=3), 7 th sternite 0.70-0.73 mm long, 1.74-1.75 X length sternite 6 (n=2), setose (except basally), setae more abundant distally, and mostly covered elsewhere with scales.
Ovipositor: needle part 1.75-1.80 mm long, 2.4-2.5 X length sternite 7 (n=2). Other characters as in male.
Pupa ( Fig. 4a View Figure 4 ): Color: brownish.Body length: 4.40-5.95 mm (n=8). Head ( Fig. 4b View Figure 4 ): dorsal plate 0.65 mm long, 0.15 mm wide (n=1); face with lateral projection; antennal horn triangular, 0.43-0.49 mm long (n=6), apical part 1.5 X length of basal part, inner margin serrated; apical seta 0.07 mm long, 0.8 X wide of antennal flagellomere (n=5); upper facial horn simple, triangular, 0.03 mm long (n=4), shorter than width of basal flagellomere ( Fig. 4b View Figure 4 ); lower facial horn tridentate, 0.03 mm long (n=3), shorter than width of basal flagellomere, teeth triangular, lateral teeth slightly above mesal tooth ( Fig. 4b View Figure 4 ); two pairs of lower facial papillae: one pair setose, the other bare; three pairs of lateral facial papillae: one pair setose, two bare; upper cephalic margin thickened laterally. Thorax: integument wrinkly ( Fig. 4c View Figure 4 ), prothoracic spiracle short, 0.07-0.08 mm long, setiform, curved (n=4) ( Fig. 4d View Figure 4 ). Abdomen: segments 2-8 with transverse rows of crescent dorsal spines; posterior row with 14-21 spines in the 2 nd segment, 14-23 in the 3 rd, 13-19 in the 4 th, 13-23 in the 5 th, 14-18 in the 6 th, 10-13 in the 7 th and 6-9 in the 8 th (n=4) ( Fig. 4e View Figure 4 ).
Larva ( Fig. 5a View Figure 5 ). Body length 2.95-4.80 mm (n=10), cephalic head 0.08 mm long, 0.10 mm wide (n=5). Spatula quadridentate, 0.25-0.30 mm long (n=10), lateral teeth 0.04 mm long, mesal teeth 0.03 mm long (n=3) ( Fig. 5b View Figure 5 ); one sternal papillae setose and three setose lateral papillae of each side of spatula. Terminal segment with four pairs of papillae, three setose (setae not equal in length) and one pair corniform ( Fig.5c View Figure 5 ).
Gall ( Figs.5 View Figure 5 d-f): On fruit of Hancornia speciosa Gomes ( Apocynaceae ). Externally, galled immature fruits have the same aspect of ungalled fruits.When galled, the fruit grows irregularly, more than one side than the other. Thus, traces of the floral calyx are not on the side opposite the peduncle, but laterally, and the fruit acquires hook shape ( Fig. 5d View Figure 5 ). The gall is only perceived when pale spots appear. Then, it becomes completely brown and soft ( Fig. 5e View Figure 5 ), wilting afterwards, when it is possible to find the exuvia trapped in the adult’s exit hole. Internally, the gall has one chamber ( Fig. 5f View Figure 5 ), which is lined by fungal hyphae.
Material Examined. Holotype male, BRAZIL, Bahia, Lençóis, Chapada Diamantina , 07.X.2022, Vitor Matos col. ( MNRJ-ENT1-69181 ) . Paratypes: same data as holotype, 3 males ( MNRJ-ENT1-69182 , MNRJ-ENT1-69183 , MNRJ-ENT1-69184 ), 3 females ( MNRJ-ENT1-69165 , MNRJ-ENT1-69166 , MNRJ-ENT1-69167 ), 7 pupal exuviae (2 specimens on the same slide MNRJ-ENT1-69172 , 3 specimens on the same slide MNRJ-ENT1-69173 , 3 specimens on the same slide MNRJ-ENT1-69174 ), and 7 larvae of third instar (3 specimens on the same slide MNRJ-ENT1-69168 , 4 specimens on the same slide MNRJ-ENT1-6919 ) . Paratypes, BRAZIL, Bahia, Mata de São João , 11.X.2022, Vitor Matos col., 5 males ( MNRJ-ENT1-69175 , MNRJ-ENT1-69176 , MNRJ-ENT1-69177 , MNRJ-ENT1-69178 , MNRJ-ENT1-69179 ), and 3 larvae of third instar (on the same slide MNRJ-ENT1-69170 ) , BRAZIL, Bahia (municipality unstated), XI.2008 - VII.2019, Vitor Matos col., 1 male ( MNRJ-ENT1-69180 ) , 4 females ( MNRJ-ENT1-69161 , MNRJ-ENT1-69162 , MNRJ-ENT1-69163 , MNRJ-ENT1-69164 ), and 5 pupal exuviae (on the same slide MNRJ-ENT1-69171 ) .
Etymology. The name “hancorniae ” refers to the genus of the host plant.
Comments.There are three previously known species of Asphondylia which induce galls on Apocynaceae in the world, Asphondylia tabernaemontanae and A. thevetiae , both species from El Salvador, and A.peploniae from Brazil.The new species differs from A.peploniae mainly in the following characters: larva – 1) shape of spatula: four-toothed with long stalk in the new species, and two-toothed with short stalk in A. peploniae ( Fig. 6a View Figure 6 ); pupa – 2) shape of antennal horn: anterior part less splayed in the new species than in A. peploniae ( Fig. 6b View Figure 6 ), 3) inner margin of antennal horn: serrated in the new species and not serrated in A. peploniae ( Fig. 6b View Figure 6 ), 3) shape of upper and lower frontal horns (with pointed apex in the new species and rounded in A. peploniae ( Fig.6b View Figure 6 ), 3) male 8 th tergite (dumbbell shaped in the former and band-like in the latter). Asphondylia hancorniae differs from A.tabernaemontanae and A. thevetiae in size (adults, pupa and larva of third instar are conspicuously longer in the new species than in these species from El Salvador) and the spatula of Asphondylia hancorniae is the only one with inner teeth far apart from each other. Moreover the anchor-shaped base is clearly wider, the sclerotized area around the anterior part of the spatula is more extensive, and the inner teeth are noticeable shorter in the new species than those of A. tabernaemontanae and A. thevetiae ( Möhn, 1959) .
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