Goudotostes scabrosus ( Laporte, 1840 )

Ballerio, Alberto, 2021, The Ceratocanthinae of Madagascar and Comoro Islands: a revision of the genera Synarmostes and Goudotostes, and of the flightless Philharmostes, with description of 64 new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea, Hybosoridae), Fragmenta entomologica 53 (2), pp. 105-282 : 198-200

Goudotostes scabrosus ( Laporte, 1840)

( Figs 54 a-c, 55 a-f, 77)

Acanthocerus scabrosus : Laporte 1840: 109 (description and distribution); Synarmostes scabrosus : Germar 1843: 128 (new combination and description); Lacordaire 1855: 159 (listing); Gemminger & Harold 1869: 1093 (catalogue); Harold 1874: 41 (catalogue); Borre 1886: 29 (catalogue); Kolbe 1895: 344 (morphological remark); Fairmaire 1900: 473 (morphological remark); Alluaud 1900: 245 (catalogue); Arrow 1912: 45 (catalogue); Paulian 1937: 131 (catalogue and key); Goudotostes scabrosus : Paulian 1979: 59-60 (new combination, key, description, distribution); Ocampo & Ballerio 2006: 187 (listing).

Type locality: “ Madagascar ” .

Material examined. Holotype, ♀ ( ZMHB): / 26308 / Madagascar Goud. nr. 26308 / nidis ter. Mad. Goud. / scabrosus Gory Lap. An. art. n. 109 n. m. / Goudotostes scabrosus (Cast.) R. Paulian det. / Zool. Mus. Berlin / A. Ballerio vidit 1997 /. Other material examined (not belonging to the type series): 1 ♀ ( OXUM): / 36 / Synarmostes scabrosus Gory – Delaporte An. art. p. 109 n° 7 Madagascar /; 1 ♀ ( CASC): / CASENT 8135780 / Madagascar: Toamasina , Parc National de Zahamena, Onibe River elev. 780 m 21-23 February 2009 / 17° 45’ 33” S 048° 51’ 17” E California Acad. of Sciences coll. B. L. Fisher et al. sifted litter, rainforest BLF 22214 /.

Diagnosis. Goudotostes scabrosus can be differentiat- ed from all other species of Goudotostes by the following combination of characters: a) large size, b) dorsal ocular area present, c) head without tubercle on clypeal disc, d) pronotal anterior carina monolobate, e) pronotal anterior carina acutely triangular in frontal view, f) pronotal anterior carina raised without giving rise to a longitudinal sharp carina visible in dorsal view, g) pronotal basal carina monolobate, h) pronotum not saddle-shaped in lateral view, i) pronotal disc with gibbosities and lacking any distinct carinae and/or tubercles (apart from the monolobate anterior and posterior carinae), j) elytra with three (including sutural one) irregular rows, well spaced out from each other, of weak tubercles and relatively long carinae. The species falls within the scabrosus group of species and can be differentiated by the other species of the group by the combination of characters c), f), h) and j). Goudotostes electrimontis sp. nov. and G. insularis sp. nov. share the spaced out longitudinal rows of carinae, but in G. scabrosus carinae are longer and the dorsal punctation of pronotum and elytra is denser, deeper and larger.

Description. Size: HL = 0.9 mm; HW = 1.6 mm; PL = 1.4 mm; PW = 2.5 mm; EL = 2.5 mm; EW = 2.3 mm. Overall morphology as in generic diagnosis. Large-sized Goudotostes . Body moderately convex. Dark-brown with slight bronze sheen, dorsum with fine short setae (50×), underside, tarsi and antennae dark reddish-brown, setation yellowish-brown. Head: W/L ratio = 1.36; clypeal apex obtuse, apical projection present in females (males unknown) but weakly developed, sides almost rectilinear apart from slightly unaligned genae; dorsal ocular area present, genal canthus present and fused with occipital portion of head, ventral ocular area medium-sized, genae acute, distinctly protruding outwards, genal suture present; head dorsal surface uniformly covered by large impressed simple punctures, apart from fore some tranverse lines on fore margin, interpunctural spaces raised, interpunctural distance inferior than punctural diameter (punctures almost adjacent to each other). Pronotum: subrectangular (dorsal view) (W/L ratio = 1.80), convex and unevenly sculptured, base and sides broadly rounded, fore angles distinctly truncate; surface uniformly covered by dense deep large simple punctures, punctation very deep, with interpunctural intervals raised and narrow (interpunctural distance inferior than punctural diameter, punctures almost adjacent to each oth- er) giving a granulose appearance to surface; fore margin strongly and narrowly raised, portion raised having the shape of an inverted V in frontal view, disc with a depression in the middle, sides of disc with one broad gibbosity, basal margin distinctly raised, dorsally marked by an inverted V- shaped short tubercle. Pronotal bead complete. Scutellum : surface uniformly covered by dense small transverse deep comma-shaped punctures, Elytra: longer than wide (W/L ratio = 0.96), subovoidal (dorsal view), moderately convex; humeral callus indistinct; elytral surface uniformly covered by large deep transverse comma-shaped punctures; interpunctural distance inferior than punctural diameter; inferior sutural stria complete and deep; striated articular area hardly visible in lateral view, relatively narrow and short; marginal area medium-sized; elytral articular process developed, smooth and shiny. Elytral sculpturing as follows: elytral suture marked by a longitudinal row of weakly raised tubercles and relatively long carinae, remaining elytral surface with three irregular and asymmetrical rows of raised tubercles and short carinae, sides and apical area with denser and more irregular tubercles and short carinae. Wings: flightless. Male genitalia: unknown.

Variability: not appreciable in the two specimens from Goudot. The female from Zahamena forest is here attributed to G. scabrosus , it differs from the holotype by the slightly larger elytral punctation .

Etymology. Not provided by the author. Latin adjective meaning “rough”, obviously referring to the dorsal sculpturing.

Distribution and habitat. The holotype and the specimen in OXUM come from “ Madagascar ” and were collected by Charles Prosper Goudot. See above, under Synarmostes tibialis , for a discussion of the probable localities where Goudot collected zoological specimens. The collecting locality of the third known specimen (Zahamena forest in Eastern Madagascar) reasonably could fall within the distribution range of a species occurring in the central portion of the Eastern Madagascar rainforests, where Goudot alleg- edly made his field researches. The holotype was collected in a termite nest. The Zahamena specimen was collected by sifting leaf litter in rainforest (for details on the collecting locality see under Synarmostes zahamenae sp. nov.).

Goudotostes siccaesilvae sp. nov.

( Figs 46 a-j, 77) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:516FC647-A0A0-41A3-A51B-F01E206E4C7F

Type series. Holotype, ♂, deposited in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA, labelled as follows: / CASTYPE 20285 / CASENT 8135443 / Madagascar: Mahajanga Forêt Ambohimanga 26.1 km 314° Mampikony elev. 250 m 13 December 2004 / 15° 57’ 46” S 047° 26’ 17” E California Acad. of Sciences coll. B. L. Fisher, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), tropical dry forest BLF 11672 / Goudotostes siccaesilvae n. sp. det. A. Ballerio 2020 Holotypus ♂ / [distended, glued on card, dissected, male genitalia glued in DMHF resin on a separate card, same pin]. Paratypes [2 ♂♂ dissected]: 13 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ (11 in CASC and 4 in ABCB), same collecting data as holotype .

Diagnosis. Goudotostes siccaesilvae sp. nov. can be differentiated from all other species of Goudotostes by the following combination of characters: a) medium size, b) dorsal ocular area present, c) head without tubercle on clypeal disc, d) pronotal anterior carina monolobate, e) monolobate pronotal anterior carina almost hemicircular/ brace-shaped, f) pronotal anterior carina raised without giving rise to a longitudinal sharp carina visible in dorsal view, g) pronotal anterior carina raised to generate a U-shaped callosity visible both in dorsal and anterior view, h) pronotal basal carina monolobate, i) pronotum strongly saddle-shaped in lateral view, j) elytra with irregular rows of strongly raised blunt short and/or long longitudinal carinae, k) aedeagus with a distinctive median lobe as in Fig. 46G . The species falls within the scabrosus group of species and can be differentiated by the other species of the group by the combination of characters a), c), f), g), i), j) and k).

Description. Size: HL = 1.1 mm; HW = 1.5 mm; PL = 1.4 mm; PW = 2.5 mm; EL = 2.7 mm; EW = 2.3 mm. Overall morphology as in generic diagnosis. Medium-sized Goudotostes . Body strongly convex. Black, shiny, dorsum with setigerous punctures bearing a very short seta (50×), underside, tarsi and antennae dark reddish-brown, setation yellowish-brown. Head: W/L ratio = 1.45; clypeal apex obtuse, apical projection strongly developed and sexually dimorphic, sides slightly rounded with slightly unaligned genae; dorsal ocular area preent and very small, interocular distance about 24 times the maximum width of dorsal ocular area, ventral ocular area medium-sized, genae acute, distinctly protruding outwards, genal suture indistinct; head dorsal surface without tobercles or carinae, punctation made of dense and impressed large simple punctures, surface along clypeal fore margin covered by some transverse irregular lines. Interpunctural distance of punctures inferior than punctural diameter. Pronotum: subtrapezoidal (dorsal view) (W/L ratio = 1.87), convex, fore angles gently truncate; pronotal surface with disc covered by dense impressed large simple punctures, interpunctural distance inferior than punctural diameter, sides with some horseshoe-shaped punctures with opening directed outwards; pronotal bead present but not appreciable in dorsal view; pronotal sculpturing as follows: monolobate basal carina strongly raised, inverted V-shaped in dorsal view, pronotal anterior carina monolobate, generating an irregular, sometimes very weak, U-shaped callosity visible in dorsal view ( Fig. 46 c ), hemicircular or brace-shaped in frontal view ( Fig. 46 d ), disc with a depression in the middle. Scutellum : completely covered by deep large transverse short comma-shaped punctures. Elytra: slightly longer than wide (W/L ratio = 0.92), subovoidal (dorsal view), convex; humeral callus indistinct; elytral surface uniformly covered by small deeply impressed horseshoe-shaped punctures with opening directed inwards or outwards, interpunctural distance inferior than punctural diameter; striated articular area hardly visible in lateral view, relatively narrow and short; inferior sutural stria complete and deep; marginal area large and distinctly protrudent outwards; elytral articular process well developed, smooth and shiny with a line bordering scutellar sides. Elytral sculpturing as follows: base with one tubercle near apex of scutellum, next to it one longer raised longitudinal carina, then another shorter and finally an oblique carina marking humeral area, remaining dorsal surface with three (including sutural one) irregular and asymmetrical rows of weakly raised short carinae (relatively long in some specimens, such as in Fig. 46 a ), sides and apical area with denser and irregular tubercles; surface of tubercles made of deep irregular large punctures. Wings: flightless. Male genitalia: aedeagus (L = 1.2 mm) with parameres as in Figs 46 g-j, spiculum gastrale (L = 1.2 mm) as in Fig. 46 f .

Etymology. Noun in the genitive case. From latin sicca (= dry) and silva (= forest), due to the habitat of this species.

Distribution and habitat. Known only from the type locality in western Madagascar. The type series was collect- ed by sifting litter (leaf mold, rotten wood) in a tropical dry forest. The Ambohimanga forest is about 40 km east of the protected area “Paysage harmonieux protegé du corridor forestier Bongolava”, characterized by a “Dry deciduous forest” cover ( Goodman et al. 2018), also known as “Western dry forest” ( Moat & Smith 2007).

Figures

Fig. 54 – Goudotostes scabrosus, female from Parc National de Zahamena. a, dorsal view of distended specimen; b, lateral view of rolled up specimen; c, dorsal view of rolled up specimen; Goudotostes andohahelae sp. nov., female paratype. d, dorsal view of distended specimen; e, ventral view of rolled up specimen; f, dorsal view of rolled up specimen; g, ventral view of rolled up specimen; h, lateral view of rolled up specimen.

Fig. 46 – Goudotostes siccaesilvae sp. nov., holotype. a, dorsal view of distended specimen; b, dorsal view of rolled up specimen; c, dorsal view of pro- notum (usc: U–shaped callosity); d, frontal view of anterior monolobate carina; e, lateral view of rolled up specimen; f, Spiculum gastrale; g–j, holotype, four views of aedeagus (eml: endophallite of median lobe).