Ventocoris rusticus (Fabricius, 1781)

Dursun, Ahmet & Fent, Meral, 2013, Overview of the subgenus Ventocoris s. str. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) with new records and a revised key to the Ventocoris species of Turkey, Zootaxa 3681 (1), pp. 151-177 : 155-158

Ventocoris rusticus (Fabricius, 1781)

Cimex rusticus Fabricius, 1781: 339 . Cimex flavipes Villers, 1789: 483 . Synonymized by Reuter (1888: 87).

Cimex aeruginosus Cyrillus, 1791 : pl. 6, fig. 3 and legend. Synonymized by Reuter (1888: 87).

Tetyra nigellae (non Fabricius, 1787): Rambur, 1838: 96. Misidentification (see Horváth, 1907: 289).

Ventocoris rusticus (non Fabricius, 1781): Seabra, 1924: 10. Misidentification (see Seabra, 1926: 13). Trigonosoma ramburi Horváth, 1907: 289 .

Ventocoris ramburi ( Horváth, 1907) . Synonymized by Péricart, 2009: 63.

Trigonosoma nigellae (non Fabricius, 1787): Kolenati, 1846: 15; Gorski, 1852: 46.Misidentification (see Oshanin, 1906: 54).

Trigonosoma aeruginosum (non Cyrillus, 1791): Baerensprung, 1860:. Misidentification (see Horváth, 1901: 470).

Scutellera trigona Krynicki in Ivanov & Chernay, 1781: 74.

Trigonosoma aeruginosus (non Cyrillus, 1791): Jakovlev, 1882: 144; Puton, 1886: 7. Misidentification (see Horváth, 1901: 470; Oshanin, 1906: 54).

Ventocoris trigonus (Krynicki, 1871) . Synonymized by Horváth, 1889: 37.

Cimex nigellae Fabricius, 1787: 280 .

Trigonosoma rusticum var. anticum Puton, 1896: 233

Ventocoris nigellae (Fabricius, 1787) . Synonymized by Horváth, 1889: 37.

Trigonosoma rusticum var. advena Horváth, 1896: 231 (upgraded by Horváth, 1907: 292)

Ventocoris advena ( Horváth, 1896) syn. nov.

References. Horváth (1889), Rider (2006), Péricart (2009, 2010).

Redescription. Body generally reddish brown, dark brown or yellowish brown ( Figures 2 , 3 ). Head, yellow, orange, reddish brown, brown dunkel brown with punctures, ocellus closely approaching distal margin of pronotum ( Figure 4 ). Antennae without conspicuous setae ( Figure 5 ). Antennal segment 1st not extending to apex of head. Rostrum yellow, the apical two segments black, apex of rostrum surpassing hind coxae or end of second apperent sternite. Body surface with punctures. Thoracic pleuron yellowish brown with punctures. Pronotum subdivided into two regions by a transverse line. Distal edge and proximal of pronotum reddish-brown, dark brown, distal region yellow, reddish yellow or rarely dark brown. Proximal part of scutellum black, yellowish brown with punctures. Connexival tubercles absent. Dorsum black. Connexivum yellow. Venter yellowish brown or reddish yellow legs and spiracles yellow, tarsus yellowish brown or black.

Male genitalia: Thickened line of pygophore on ventral view concave and medial region of ventral rim of pygophore V-shaped ( Figure 6 ). Lateral edge of paramere concave ( Figure 7 ).

Female genitalia: 8th gonocoxite brown, laterally black, 9th gonocoxite with yellowish brown, 8th and 9th gonapophyses yellowish brown ( Figure 8 ).

Measurements in millimetres of 3 and (Ƥ): Males (n=5) females (n=5). Length of head 1.59 (1.85), width of head 2.01 (2.14), interocular distance 1.36 (1.46), lengths of antennal segments I, II, III, IV and V, 0.48 (0.41), 0.77 (0.76), 0.40 (0.39), 0.72 (0.71) and 1.00 (1.06), greatest width across humeral angles of pronotum 6.53 (7.37); width of abdomen 5.33 (6.18); total length of body 9.99 (10.55).

Material examined. Algeria: Saida, 29.III.1976, 2Ƥ (leg. Marchand), ( ZSMC); Austria: Wien, Mader, Stammersdorf, (?), 5Ƥ, 13 (leg. Weber), ( ZSMC); Croatia: Dalmatien (old collection), (?), 2Ƥ, 23; Dalmatien, Orebic, VI.1929, 13; Krk, Veglia, 1933, 13 (leg. Hammer); Hvar, 15.VI.1962, 1Ƥ, 13 (leg. W. Aigner); Split, 25.V.1952, 2Ƥ, 13, ( ZSMC); Greece: Athen, Kalamai, 02.VI.1962, 2Ƥ, 13 (leg. Haider); Adrianopel, 20.VIII.1952, 2Ƥ, 13 (leg. Seidenstücker); Kreta, Aglia Galini, 17.V.1993, 13 (leg. M. Döber), ( ZSMC); Hungary: unknown locality, 13; 27.VI.1935, Simontornya, 2Ƥ, 13; 26.VII.1936, 13 (leg. V. Pillich); Velencei-h, 13 (leg. Kaszab), ( ZSMC); Italy: Argentario (Toscana), 24.VI.1976, 1Ƥ, 13; 24.VI.1978, 1Ƥ, 13 (leg. Seidenstücker); Sicilia, Lago di Pergusa (Enna), 23.V.1952, 1Ƥ, 13; 23.V.1957, 10Ƥ, 33; Palermo, Altofonte, 18.V.1957, 14Ƥ, 93 (leg. Seidenstücker); (?), 13 (leg. Enslin); Apulien, Manfradonia, 05.VI.1978, 1Ƥ, 13 ( ZSMC); Macedonia: Drenovo, Kavadar, 09.VIII.1956, 1Ƥ ( ZSMC); Spain: Torrent de Cinca (Baix Cinca), 07.VI.1976, 1Ƥ, 13 (leg. Ribes); Castilien, Cuenca, 1896, 1Ƥ (leg. Korb), ( ZSMC); Tunisia: Mer, 13 ( ZSMC); Tazhikistan: Tash-bulak-Mazor, Rengan-tau, 29.V.1943, 1Ƥ, (leg. Kiritshenko), ( ZSMC); Turkey: Adana, Pozantı, 03.VII.1952, 2Ƥ, 13; Misis, 15.05.1960, 13; Ankara, Baraj, 23.V.1961, 23; 13.VII.1962, 13; 23.VI.1964, 13; 25.V.1965, 2Ƥ; Gölbaşı, 18.06.1965, 1Ƥ; Çakıt Valley, 25.V.1964, 3Ƥ; Bursa, Çekirge, 04.VI.1961, 1Ƥ; 27.VI.1958, 13; Kayseri, Alidaġ, 17.VI.1960, 2Ƥ, 23; Yılanlıdaġ, 15.VI.1967, 1Ƥ; 21.VI.1969, 13; 12.VI.1970, 1Ƥ; Konya, Ereġli, 12.VII.1952, 3Ƥ; Malatya, 13.VI.1964, 2Ƥ, 23; Niġde, Ulukışla, 08.VII.1952, 23 (leg. Seidenstücker), ( ZSMC); Edirne, Şerbattar, 24.VII.1993, 13 (leg. Fent); Sivas, Koyulhisar, Gökdere, 20.VI.2006, 13 (leg. Dursun); Uzbekistan: Ugamskij kkr, Brich-Mulla, 01.VI.1958, 13 (leg. Popov), ( ZSMC); Ukraine: Crimea, Al-Su, 26.VII.1956, 1Ƥ (leg. Putchkov); Crimea, Agarmysh, 23.VII.1957, 13, ( ZSMC); 1Ƥ, Turkest., Coll. Horváth, (Coll. Rhyncota, ( HNHM), as V. advena ).

Distribution. Europe: Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, France, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan (European part), Macedonia, Malta, Moldavia, Montenegro, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey (European part), Ukraine. North Africa: Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia. Asia: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan (Asian part), Kirgizia, Syria, Tadzhikistan, Turkey (Asian part), Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. ( Horváth 1907; de Seabra 1926; Rider 2006).

Comments. Ventocoris trigonus and V. nigellae were synonymized with Ventocoris rusticus by Horváth (1889), but in later studies these species were considered as distinct species ( Hoberlandt 1956; Rider 2006; Péricart 2010). In this study, the structure of paramere, pygophore and the external scent efferent system of the metathoracic scent glands of the samples collected have led to the result that these species are indeed synonymous. Regional differences were assessed as a variation, because according to the literature, in Turkey only V. trigonus has been recorded ( Dursun 2004; Fent 2004; Önder et al. 2006; Rider 2006; Péricart 2009). In this study, the specimens from Turkey have been identified as regionally different in color, the structure of head and size. Lateral part of mandibular plates of all specimens are more or less concave ( Figure 4 ). Differences in the structure of paramere and antennae are recognized as regional forms due to intraspecific variation. Local differences could be seen even in the specimens from different parts of Turkey, and from various regions of the Palaearctic region ( Figure 6 , 7 ). The ostiole of all specimens is associated with a peritreme in the form of an ear lobe and of rather constant structure in specimens from all over the Palaearctic Region ( Figure 9 ). It is a Holomediterranean-Turkestanian species which is widely distributed and rather frequent in North Africa, Europe, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Syria, Turkey and central Asia. According to Horváth (1901), Nigella arvensis is the host plant.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Ventocoris rusticus (Fabricius, 1781) (3), body, (dorsal view): a) as V. advena from Uzbekistan, b) as V. ramburi from Spain, c) as V. nigellae from Algeria, d) as V. trigonus from Turkey (Central Anatolia), e) as V. trigonus from Turkey (east Black sea egion), f) as V. trigonus from Turkey (European part), g) as V. rusticus from Italy, h) 3 as V. trigonus from Turkey (Central Anatolia), i) as V. trigonus from Turkey (Central Anatolia), j) as V. rusticus from Hungary, k) as V. trigonus from Turkey (Black sea region), m) as V. trigonus from Turkey (Central Anatolia).

FIGURE 3. Ventocoris rusticus (Fabricius, 1781) (Ƥ), (dorsal view), a) as V. nigellae from Algeria, b) as V. trigonus from Turkey (Central Anatolia), c, d) as V. nigellae from Algeria, e) as V. advena from Uzbekhistan, f) as V. trigonus from Turkey (European part), g, h) as V. rusticus from Italy.

FIGURE 4. Ventocoris rusticus (Fabricius, 1781) (3), Head (dorsal view), a) as V. a d v e n a from Ukraina, b) as V. rusticus from Italy, c, d) as V. trigonus from Turkey (Black sea region), e, f) as V. r a m b u r i from Spain, g, h) as V. nigellae from Algeria.

FIGURE 5. Ventocoris rusticus (Fabricius, 1781) Antennae a) as V. advena from Ukraine (Crimea) b) as V. trigonus from Turkey, c) as V. rusticus from Italy, d) as V. nigellae from Algeria.

FIGURE 6. Ventocoris rusticus (Fabricius, 1781) pygophore: (Venral view a-e; top view f-j); a, f) as V. a dv e na from Ukraina, b, h) as V. trigonus from Turkey, c, g) as V. r a m b u r i from Spain, d, j) as V. rusticus from Italy, e, i) as V. nigellae from Algeria.

FIGURE 7. Ventocoris rusticus (Fabricius, 1781) paramera: a, j) as V. advena from Ukraina, b) as V. nigellae from Algeria, c, h) as V. ra m b ur i from Spain, d) as V. rusticus from Italy, e) as V. trigonus from Turkey (European part), f) as V. trigonus from Turkey (Black sea region), g) as V. trigonus from Turkey (European part), i) as V. rusticus from Italy.

FIGURE 8. Ventocoris rusticus (Fabricius, 1781) (Ƥ, Genitalia), a) as V. nigellae from Algeria; b, e) as V. a d v e a n a from Ukraina; c) as V. rusticus from Spania; d) as V. trigonus from Turkey.

FIGURE 9. Ventocoris rusticus (Fabricius, 1781) (3) Orifice): a, e) as V. advena from Ukraina; b) as V. rusticus from Italy; c) as V. trigonus from Turkey; d) as V. nigellae from Algeria.