Nungara niveomaculata (Mello-Leitão, 1941), Pinto & Rheims, 2016

Pinto, Elaine Cristina & Rheims, Cristina Anne, 2016, A new genus of Neotropical spiders of the family Sparassidae (Arachnida: Araneae), Zoologia (e 20160160) 33 (6), pp. 1-15 : 12-14

Nungara niveomaculata (Mello-Leitão, 1941) comb. nov.

Figs. 5-6 , 49-60

Olios niveomaculatus Mello-Leitão 1941: 125

( Female holotype from Esmeraldas [00°56’ N, 79°40’W], Esmeraldas, Ecuador, no date, F. Campos leg., deposited in MNRJ 1394 , examined) . World Spider Catalog 2016.

Olios fuscovariatus Mello-Leitão 1943a: 198 (Female holotype from Rio Grande do Sul, no specific locality, Brazil, no date. Pe. B. Rambo leg., deposited in MNRJ 42238, examined). World Spider Catalog 2016. New synonymy.

Polybetes proximus Mello-Leitão 1943b: 261 (male holotype from Campina Grande [07°13’S, 35°52’W], Paraíba, Brazil, no date, T. Leitão leg., deposited in MNRJ 1439, examined). World Spider Catalog 2016. New synonymy.

Stasina koluene Mello-Leitão 1949: 12 (female holotype from Koluene river , [uncertain locality], Mato Grosso, Brazil, April 1947, J.C. de M. Carvalho leg. deposited in MNRJ 1395, examined). World Spider Catalog 2016. New synonymy.

Diagnosis. Males of Nungara niveomaculata (Mello-Leitão) comb. nov. resemble those of Nungara anama sp. nov. by the palp with a C-shaped tegular groove ( Figs. 28 , 34 , 50 , 56 ) (longitudinal in N. gaturama sp. nov. see Fig. 39 ). They are distinguished from all other species of the genus by the embolus, arising from tegulum at 3 o’clock position ( Figs. 50 , 56 ) (2 o’clock in N. anama sp. nov., 6 o’clock in N. gaturama sp. nov. see Figs. 28 , 39 ). The females are distinguished from those of the remaining species of the genus by the epigyne with median septum subtriangular, widest anteriorly ( Figs. 52 , 58 ) (oval in N. anama sp.nov., oblong in N. gaturama sp. nov. see Figs. 30 , 41 ).

Redescription. Male (IBSP 54429). Prosoma dark orange, slightly darker along lateral margins of cephalic region and thoracic striae, with thin brown lines extending posteriorly from behind PME; fovea brown; eye borders black. Chelicerae dark orange. Legs and pedipalps orange, darker at tarsi and metatarsi. Labium and endites orange, distally translucent white. Sternum cream colored with slightly more sclerotized and darker margins. Opisthosoma cream colored; dorsally with brown pattern of irregular marks around cardiac mark and median chevron-like marks down posterior half ( Fig. 5 ). Total length 8.0. Prosoma : 3.5 long, 3.5 wide. Opisthosoma : 4.4 long, 2.6 wide. Eyes : diameters: 0.31, 0.26, 0.23, 0.27; interdistances: 0.20, 0.11, 0.35, 0.20, 0.24, 0.07. Legs: I: 28.7 (7.5, 2.4, 8.5, 8.1, 2.2); II: 30.8 (8.2, 2.6, 9.1, 8.7, 2.2); III: 19.6 (5.9, 1.8, 5.3, 5.0, 1.6); IV: 23.0 (6.7, 1.8, 6.3, 6.4, 1.8). Palp: RTA wide with short, gently curved tip in ventral view, long, bullet-shaped in retrolateral view ( Figs. 27-29 , 33-35 ).

Female (IBSP 45099). Coloration pattern as in male except labium and endites pale orange, distally translucent white and opisthosoma with dorsal pattern of brown spots laterally and chevron-like marks down posterior half ( Fig. 6 ). Total length 12.4. Prosoma: 5.1 long, 4.4 wide. Opisthosoma: 7.0 long, 3.9 wide. Eyes: diameters: 0.30, 0.26, 0.21, 0.24; interdistances: 0.28, 0.16, 0.41, 0.20, 0.17, 0.07. Legs: I: 23.4 (6.5, 2.5, 6.7, 6.0, 1.7); II: 25.0 (7.0, 2.3, 7.6, 6.3, 1.8); III: 17.1 (5.0, 2.0, 4.8, 3.9, 1.4); IV: 19.4 (5.6, 1.9, 5.3, 5.1, 1.5). Epigyne: epigynal plate longer than wide; hood-like projection triangular slightly wider than long ( Figs. 52 , 58 ). Vulva: glandular projection almost three times longer than wide, anteriad ( Figs. 53-54 , 59 ).

Variation. Males (n = 15): total length: 7.4-11.3; prosoma length: 3.3-5.1; femur I length: 5.6-8.9. Females (n = 14): total length: 9.7-12.8; prosoma length: 4.2-5.2; femur I length: 5.0-6.9.

Additional material examined. BRAZIL: Pará: Margem Esquerda do Rio Tocantins, 1 female, 1984, W.L. Overal leg. (MPEG); Ourém [01°29’S, 47°10’W], Patauateua, 1 female, 15 September 2001, D.D. Guimarães leg. (MPEG 540); Paragominas [03°00’S, 47°21’W], Aldeia Yanaruhu , Igarapé Gurupi-Uma , 1 male, 1 female, 22-25 February 1996, B. Malkin leg. (IBSP 91729). Maranhão: Mirinzal (02°06’33.6”S, 44°50’48.9”W), 1 male, 10 August 2011, M.B. Aguiar Neto leg. (MPEG 30674); Rio Gurupiuna (02°34’S, 46°29’W), near Paragominas, Pará, 1 female, 2-30 May 1963, B. Malkin leg. (IBSP 91731); Caxias [04°51’S, 43°21’W], Reserva Ecológica de Inhamum , 1 male, 12-15 July 2006, G.A. Cunha leg. (IBSP 117272). Rio Grande do Norte : Baia Formosa [06°22’S, 35°00’W], Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Mata Estrela , 1 female, 2003, R.G. Costa Jr. leg. (IBSP 44274). Paraíba: Areia, Reserva da Mata do Pau Ferro (06°57’S, 35°44’W), 5 males, 23-29 September 1999, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 43286, 54459- 54461, 54580); Mamanguape [06°50’S, 35°07’W], Área de Proteção Ambiental da Barra do Rio Mamanguape, 1 male, July 2001, G. Skuk leg. (IBSP 55811); Cabedelo, Ilha da Restinga [07°00’S, 34°51’W], 1 female, 24 August 1977, P.F.L. Duarte leg. (UFPB 138); João Pessoa, Mata do Buraquinho [07°08’S, 34°51’W], 5 males, 1 female, October 2003 - June 2004, S.C. Dias leg.(IBSP 99961-99962, 97191-97194). Pernambuco: 1 male, no date, Pe. Bento leg. (MNRJ 109); Recife [08°00’S, 34°57’W], Horto Dois Irmãos , 2 males, 3 females, 30 May-2 June 2001, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 98969, 98971-98973); 1 male, 13 September 1999, M. Peres leg. (IBSP 38637). Alagoas: Ipioca [09°30’S, 35°35’W], Serra da Saudinha, 1 female, 23 October 2004, G.Q.C. Correia leg.(IBSP 63836); Murici, Estação Ecológica de Murici (09°15’S, 35°51’W), 2 males, 13-22 September 2003, Equipe Biota leg. (IBSP 54428-54529); Maceió [09°38’S, 35°42’W], 1 female, January 2003, N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. (IBSP 36638). Sergipe: Itabaiana, Estação Ecológica da Serra de Itabaiana (10°40’S, 37°25’W), 3 males, 1 female, 14-20 September 1999, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 43274-43276, 56259); 1 male, 19 July 2000, N. Zyngier leg. (IBSP 43393); Santa Luzia do Itanhy , Mata do Crasto (11°23’S, 37°24’W), 1 male, 9-13 September 1999, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 168401); 1 male, 1 female, 1 juvenile, 12-14 November 1996, A.D. Brescovit & A.C.M. Fernandes leg. (IBSP 7529). Bahia: Porto Seguro [16°26’S, 39°03’W], Estação Ecológica de Pau Brasil, 1 female, 20 April 1998, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 17920); Una [15°11’S, 39°01’W], Reserva Biológica de Una, 1 male, 15-28 November 2000, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 48264). Espírito Santo: São Mateus [19°23’S, 40°03’W], Reserva Florestal da Vale do Rio Doce, 1 male, 5-12 January 1998, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 16509).

Distribution.Known from western Ecuador (state of Esmeraldas) and northern to southern Brazil, (states of Pará, Maranhão, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe,Mato Grosso, Bahia, Espírito Santo, São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul) ( Fig.60 ).

Figures

Figure 60. Distribution map for the known species of Nungara gen. nov.

Figures 5-6. Dorsal habitus. Nungara niveomaculata (Mello-Leitão, 1941) comb. nov. (1) male, MNRJ 43275, (2) female, MNRJ 13331. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 49-54. Nungara niveomaculata (Mello-Leitão, 1941) comb. nov. 49-51 male, IBSP 17956, left palp (49) prolateral view; (50) ventral view; (51) retrolateral view. 52-54 female, IBSP 39305 (52) epigyne, ventral view; (53) vulva, dorsal view; (54) schematic course of internal duct system (TG = tegular groove). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 55-59. Nungara niveomaculata (Mello-Leitão, 1941) comb. nov. 55-57 male, IBSP 17956, left palp (55) prolateral view; (56) ventral view; (57) retrolateral view. 58-59 female, MPEG 0540, (58) epigyne, ventral view; (59) vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 27-32. Nungara anama sp. nov. 27-29 male, IBSP 134951, left palp (27) prolateral view; (28) ventral view; (29) retrolateral view. 30-32 female, IBSP 7599, (30) epigyne, ventral view; (31) vulva, dorsal view; (32) schematic course of internal duct system (C = conductor; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; GP = glandular projection; HP = hood-like projection; LL = lateral lobe; MS = median septum; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; SP = spermathecae; ST = subtegulum; TG = tegular groove). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 33-37. Nungara anama sp. nov. 33-35 male IBSP 134951, left palp (33) prolateral view, (34) ventral view, (35) retrolateral view. 36-37 female, IBSP 43271 (36) epigyne, ventral view; (37) vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 38-43. Nungara gaturama sp. nov. 38-40 male, IBSP 48264, left palp (38) prolateral view, (39) ventral view, (40) retrolateral view. 41-43 female, IBSP 17920, (41) epigyne, ventral view; (42) vulva, dorsal view; (43) schematic course of internal duct system (TG = tegular groove). Scale bars: 1 mm.