Inga tripa F.C.P.Garcia & A.P.Chagas, 2021

Garcia, Flávia C. P., Chagas, Aline P. & Dutra, Valquíria F., 2021, Two new species of Inga (Fabaceae-mimosoid clade) from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, Phytotaxa 521 (2), pp. 95-104 : 100-102

Inga tripa F.C.P.Garcia & A.P.Chagas , sp. nov. Fig. 3

Type:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Camaçari, Guarajuba , 22 Nov 1982 (fl., fr.), H. P. Bautista 1363 (holotype: RB!, isotypes: ALCB; HRB!, IPA) .

Inga tripa differs from I. exfoliata T.D. Penn. & F.C.P.Garcia (1997: 245) by its puberulous young branches, lenticellate old branches, elliptic to linear stipules, inflorescences in a raceme, and twisted, undulate legumes that are constricted between the seeds.

Trees, 4–23 m tall. Young branches puberulous, old branches glabrescent, lenticellate. Stipules 2.5−9.3 × 1 mm, elliptic to linear, caducous or persistent. Petiole 0.6−2.6 cm long, canaliculate, unwinged, glabrous; appendix ca. 2 mm long, filiform, caducous; rachis 1.5−5.5 cm long, glabrous, canaliculate, unwinged; foliar nectaries between all pairs of leaflets, subsessile, cup-shaped, circular; pulvinule 1.5−2 mm long; leaflets in 2–3 pairs, glabrous, 5.3−8 × 1.8−4.7 cm, elliptic to obovate, apex acuminate, base acute to attenuate, asymmetric; venation eucamptodromous, main vein prominent on abaxial surface, secondary veins in 10 pairs, tenuous, convergent, ascending and arcuate, tertiary veins reticulate. Inflorescences solitary or fasciculate, axillary raceme 1 per axil, cylindric; peduncle 0.8−5.6 cm long, cylindric, glabrous; floral rachis 8−54 mm long, glabrous; bracts ca. 1 mm long, ovate, caducous. Flowers pedicellate to subsessile, pedicel 1−3 mm long; calyx open in bud, 1−2 mm long, campanulate, puberulous only on the margin of the lobes, lobes 5–7, acute, irregular; corolla 3.5−6 mm long, infundibuliform, puberulous only at the apex, lobes 5(–7), acute; androecium with 25–33 stamens, 14−17.6 mm long, staminal tube 4−9.8 mm long, included to exserted, glabrous, purple; ovary glabrous, style the same length as the stamens, stigma terminal, funnelform. Legume 15−19 × 1.5−1.8 cm, flat, twisted, undulate, constricted between seeds, margins narrow, venation reticulate, inconspicuous, valves coriaceous, glabrous, yellow to orange at maturity; seeds ca. 13 per fruit, covered by sarcotesta.

Distribution and Habitat: — Inga tripa has been recorded along coastal Brazil, in the states of Bahia, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Sergipe ( Fig. 2 ), in pioneer formations influenced by the ocean, such as restinga and lowland rain forest.

Phenology: —Flowers have been recorded in January, March, September, October and December, and fruits from January to May and in November and December.

Conservation: — Inga tripa is endemic to the Northeast Region of Brazil and has a wide distribution, with an AOO = 20,000 km 2 and EOO = 166,469 km 2. Although its populations are subject to threats, such as agriculture, the extraction of natural resources and habitat loss due to urban expansion (Martinelli et al. 2013), we propose that the species be categorized as Least Concern (LC) because it has subpopulations in protected areas: Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) Lagoas de Guarajuba and Estação Pau-Brasil , in Bahia State ; Floresta Nacional da Restinga de Cabedelo and APA of Praia de Jacarapé , in Paraíba State ; Estação Ecológica de Tapacurá , in Pernambuco State ; and Fazenda Trapsa, a private preserved area in Sergipe State.

Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the long, undulate, constricted fruit that resembles an intestine (called tripa in Portuguese). Tripa is the common name used for the plant in some regions where it has been collected.

Paratypes: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Camaçari, Guarajuba, allotment Canto do Mar , 22 November 1982 (fr.), H. P. Bautista 1375 (HRB!). Porto Seguro , Estação Pau-Brasil , CEPLAC, 13 March 2014 (fr.), D.M. Neves 1741 (HUEFS, RB!) . Paraiba: sem loc., March 1982 (fl.), M.F. Agra 238 (JPB!, VIC!). Santa Rita, 22 March 1983 (fr.), M.F. Agra 428 (JPB!); Cabedelo, Mata do Amém , 31 January 2000 (fr.), A.F. Pontes et al. 402 (JPB!). Dona Inês , 09 April 2008 (fr.), K.R.F. Xavier 28 (EAN, VIC!), 20 May 2008 (fr.), K.R.F. Xavier 64 (EAN). João Pessoa , Jacarapé , 16 January 1992 (fr.), L. P. Félix 4705 (EAC!, EAN, JPB!, VIC!), 13 October 1982 (fl.), M.F. Agra 238 (JPB!), cliff of the Mata da Penha , 06 January 1997 (fr.), O.T. Moura 1522 (JPB!, RB!). Mataraca, Lyondell, 15 September 2006 (fl.), P. C. Gadelha Neto 1590 (JPB!, RB!), Millennium Inorganic Chemicals Mineração Ltda, 17 Dec 2007 (fl., fr.), P. C. Gadelha Neto & C.S. Silva 2000 (JPB, RB) . Pernambuco: Olinda, 05 January 1948 (fr.), C.G. Leal 18 (RB!). São Lourenço da Mata, Estação Ecológica do Tapacurá , 09 January 2001 (fr.), K. Almeida et al. 97 (RB!) . Sergipe: Itaporanga d’Ajuda, Fazenda Trapsa, main entrance 3 km east of Povoado Paruí and occurrence area of Callicebus coimbrai , an endangered primate, 25 February 2011 (fr.), J. P. Souza-Alves 168 (ASE, JPB!). Santo Amaro das Brotas, 28 Jan 1992 (fl., fr.), C. Farney 3006 (ASE, HRCB!) .

Notes: —The position of Inga tripa in the infrageneric classification is uncertain. It could belong to section Bourgonia and is similar to I. cylindrica (Vellozo 1831: plate 9) Martius because it has glabrescent branches, subsessile nectaries, and small, nearly glabrous flowers in elongated inflorescences. Inga tripa differs from other species in section Bourgonia by the pedicellate to subsessile flowers and undulate fruits with constrictions between the seeds that usually occur in section Leptinga . Its fruits are similar to those of I. exfoliata and I. lanceifolia Benth. (1875: 606) ; however, only I. tripa has undulate fruits. Other differences between these species are listed in Table 2.

A molecular phylogenetic study of Inga that includes Atlantic Forest species is in progress and indicates that I. tripa is related to I. exfoliata , but section Leptinga is not supported (J. Nicholls et al. pers. comm.).

Identification key to the Inga species of sect. Leptinga in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

1. Foliar nectary absent...........................................................................................................................................................................2

- Foliar nectary present .........................................................................................................................................................................4

2. Branches glabrous ........................................................................................................................................................ Inga arenicola

- Branches villous or hispid ..................................................................................................................................................................3

3. Branches and leaflets villous; calyx 4−6.5 mm long, lobes shorter than the tube ............................................................. Inga unica

- Branches and leaflets hispid; calyx 2.5−3 mm long, lobes longer than the tube ................................................ Inga enterolobioides

4. Leaf rachis unwinged to canaliculate .................................................................................................................................................5

- Leaf rachis winged or marginate ........................................................................................................................................................8

5. Old branches lenticellate or longitudinally striated. Stipules falcate, oblong, elliptic or linear.........................................................6

- Old branches exfoliating. Stipules filiform ................................................................................................................... Inga exfoliata

6. Foliar nectaries patelliform..................................................................................................................................... Inga flagelliformis

- Foliar nectaries cup-shaped ................................................................................................................................................................7

7. Young branches glabrous, old branches glabrous, longitudinally striated. Stipules oblong. Inflorescences umbels........................... .................................................................................................................................................................................... Inga lanceifolia

- Young branches puberulous, old branches glabrescent, lenticellate. Stipules elliptic to linear. Inflorescences racemes ................... .............................................................................................................................................................................................. Inga tripa

8. Leaflets in (1)−2−3−(4) pairs .............................................................................................................................................................9

- Leaflets in (3)−5−15 pairs ................................................................................................................................................................11

9. Young branches lenticellate. Stipules 1.5‒4 mm long, caducous. Flowers sessile to subsessile; pedicel to 2 mm long .................10

- Young branches without lenticels. Stipules 6‒9 mm long, persistent. Flowers pedicellate; pedicel 2.5‒5 mm long .......................... .................................................................................................................................................................................... Inga sellowiana

10. Old branches densely lenticellate. Leaflets <7 cm long. Flowers sessile. Legume 3−6.5 cm long ........................ Inga lentiscifolia

- Old branches longitudinally striated. Leaflets> 7 cm long. Flower pedicel 1−2 mm long. Legume 8−17 cm long........................... .................................................................................................................................................................................... Inga lanceifolia

11. Stipules caducous. Petiole glabrescent. Leaflets in (3)−5−11 pairs, terminal pair 2.5−4 cm long. Peduncle 5.5‒15 cm long, pendulous............................................................................................................................................................................ Inga tenuis

- Stipules persistent. Petiole puberulous. Leaflets in 5−15 pairs, terminal pair 1−2 cm long. Peduncle 3‒5.2 cm long, erect.............. .................................................................................................................................................................................... Inga schinifolia

Figures

FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Inga teresensis and Inga tripa. Legend (states): AL = Alagoas; BA = Bahia; CE = Ceará; ES = Espírito Santo; MG = Minas Gerais; PB = Paraíba; PE = Pernambuco; RN = Rio Grande do Norte; SE = Sergipe.

FIGURE 3. Inga tripa. A. Flowering branch. B. Detail of the stipules, dorsal view. C. Detail of foliar nectary. D. Nectary profile. E. Detail of a bract, dorsal view. F. Flower (from H.P. Bautista 1363). G. Fruits. H. Cross section of fruit (from M.F. Agra 428).