Garcinia L. section Garcinia. Clade 6

Gaudeul, Myriam, Sweeney, Patrick & Munzinger, Jerome, 2024, An updated infrageneric classification of the pantropical species-rich genus Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) and some insights into the systematics of New Caledonian species, based on molecular and morphological evidence, PhytoKeys 239, pp. 73-105 : 73

7. Garcinia L. section Garcinia. Clade 6

Figs 2 , 3

Type.

Garcinia mangostana L., Sp. Pl. 1: 443 (1753).

Distinguishing sectional characters.

Flowers with four sepals and four petals. Staminate flowers often with a pistillode, stamens united into a single four-lobed or four-angled bundle, anthers two-thecous. Ovaries multilocular and stigmas with or without lobes and smooth or corrugated. Fruits with a smooth surface. Inflorescences terminal and comprised of simple cymes ( Nazre et al. 2018). Indomalaya and tropical Australasia.

This section was recently monographed by Nazre et al. (2018) who recognized 13 species in the section and noted that species in the section share terminal inflorescences of simple cymes, stamens united into a single four-lobed or four-angled bundle, and fruits with a smooth surface. Based on morphological and molecular data he excluded several species that were included in this section by Jones (1980); our molecular results fully support his decisions (see discussion under clade 5).

Species.

Garcinia acuticosta Nazre; G. celebica L.; G. diospyrifolia Pierre; G. discoidea Nazre; G. exigua Nazre; G. harmandii Pierre; G. mangostana L.; G. mangostifera Kaneh. & Hatus.; G. nitida Pierre; G. ochracea Nazre; G. penangiana Pierre; G. rigida Miq.; G. sangudsangud Nazre; G. sibeswarii Shameer, J.Sarma, N.Mohanan & A.Begum; G. venulosa (Blanco) Choisy.

Figures

Figure 2. Molecular phylogeny of Garcinia L. based on ITS sequences and Bayesian inference. Posterior probabilities (PP) and bootstrap support values (BS), obtained respectively by the Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis, are indicated at each node of the cladogram. Nodes were collapsed when PP <0.50. The lineages / sections discussed in the text are highlighted, and species names appear in colors depending on their native distribution areas: light blue, Central and South America; light green, Tropical Africa; dark green, Madagascar and Western Indian Ocean islands; grey, Southeast Asia; purple, Australia; orange, New Guinea; red, New Caledonia; dark blue, Southwest Pacific islands. Distribution information was taken from the Plants of the World Online website (POWO 2023; also see the table of vouchers). A few species occur in several regions, and the color of the main (largest) geographic region was used. Accessions in bold were newly sequenced in this study.

Figure 3. Molecular phylogeny of Garcinia L. based on a combined chloroplast DNA dataset and Bayesian inference. Posterior probabilities (PP) and bootstrap support values (BS), obtained respectively by the Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis, are indicated at each node of the cladogram. Nodes were collapsed when PP <0.50. The lineages / sections discussed in the text are highlighted, and species names appear in colors depending on their native distribution areas: light green, Tropical Africa; dark green, Madagascar and Western Indian Ocean islands; grey, Southeast Asia; purple, Australia; orange, New Guinea; red, New Caledonia; dark blue, Southwest Pacific islands. Distribution information was taken from the Plants of the World Online website (POWO 2023; also see the table of vouchers). A few species occur in several regions, and the color of the main (largest) region was used. All accessions were newly sequenced in this study.