Katacephalinae, Burckhardt & Ouvrard & Percy, 2021

Burckhardt, Daniel, Ouvrard, David & Percy, Diana M., 2021, An updated classification of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) integrating molecular and morphological evidence, European Journal of Taxonomy 736, pp. 137-182 : 161-163

Subfamily * Katacephalinae subfam. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DE4F5C17-6685-47B9-9659-CEFD8828244D

Fig. 7

Type genus

Katacephala Crawford, 1914 .

Diagnosis

Adult

Head with genae forming conical to lobular processes; preocular sclerite developed. Antenna 10-segmented, 0.9–2.2 times as long as head width, segment 3 usually longer than segments 7 or 8. Metatibia usually without genual spine, bearing an open crown of 6–19 evenly spaced, sclerotised, apical spurs; metabasitarsus usually with 2 spurs. Forewing with costal break and large pterostigma; anal break close to apex of vein Cu 1b. Hindwing almost as long as forewing. Male proctiger one-segmented, in profile, often with posterior lobes. Paramere usually simple with stout setae on the inner face.

Fifth instar immature

Body often bearing lanceolate setae or sectasetae but lacking capitate setae. Antenna 7–10 segmented with 4 rhinaria. Tarsal arolium fan-shaped, unguitractor developed.

Description

Adult

Head, in profile, hardly to strongly ( Fig. 7 A–F) inclined at 0–90° from longitudinal body axis. Vertex trapezoidal ( Fig. 7J ) to almost subrectangular ( Fig. 7L ), separated from genae by transverse suture; genae forming conical to lobular processes which are separated or contiguous medially; coronal suture usually fully developed ( Fig. 7G , I–L) but sometimes reduced ( Fig. 6H ); frons small, almost completely covered by median ocellus; anteorbital tubercle rarely developed ( Fig. 7L : arrow); preocular sclerite always present ( Fig. 7J : arrow). Antenna 10-segmented, filiform, 0.9–2.2 times as long as head width, segment 3 ususally longer than segments 7 or 8 (except for some species of Tuthillia ). Clypeus pearshaped, flattened in Tuthillia ; hardly or not visible in profile. Rostrum short, distinctly exceeding procoxae. Thorax weakly ( Fig. 7F ) to strongly ( Fig. 7B ) arched dorsally, as wide as or wider than head; pronotum transversely ribbon-shaped; mesopraescutum in longitudinal body axis slightly to distinctly shorter than mesoscutum; propleurites narrow or broad, relative sizes of epimeron and episterum variable. Legs moderately long, tibiae longer than femora; basitarsi slightly longer than to about twice as long as broad; metacoxa with large, horn-shaped meracanthus; metatibia without genual spine (exception Notophorina vitripennis Burckhardt, 1987 ), bearing an open crown of 6–19 evenly spaced, sclerotised, apical spurs; metabasitarsus with 2 spurs (exception Notophorina monocentra Burckhardt, 1987 ). Forewing oval ( Fig. 7B ), somewhat rectangular, rhomboidal or very elongate ( Fig. 7F ), narrowly ( Fig. 7B ) to broadly rounded apically ( Fig. 7C ); membrane semitransparent, sometimes with pattern; costal break developed, pterostigma large; anal break close to apex of vein Cu 1b. Hindwing almost as long as forewing, membranous; costal setae indistinctly to clearly grouped; vein R+M+Cu branching into veins R+M and Cu or R and M+Cu. Male proctiger one-segmented, in profile, often with posterior lobes. Male subgenital plate subglobular or elongate. Paramere usually simple with stout setae on the inner face. Female terminalia cuneate or falcate. Circumanal ring oval.

Fifth instar immature

Body oval to elongate, fairly robust; surface often covered in lanceolate setae or sectasetae but lacking capitate setae. Antenna 7–10 segmented with 4 rhinaria. Dorsal thoracic sclerites varying from small to large. Tarsal arolium fan-shaped, unguitractor developed, pedicel absent or present. Forewing-pads often with large humeral lobes. Anus in ventral or terminal position. Circumanal ring variable.

Comments

The four genera included in the new subfamily were assigned by Burckhardt & Ouvrard (2012) to the polyphyletic tribe Diaphorinini (Euphyllurinae) along with other genera referred here to Euphyllurinae (Liviidae) , Ciriacreminae , Diaphorininae and Psyllinae (Psyllidae) . Putative autapomorphies of the new subfamily are the open crown of densely spaced metatibial spurs and the posteriorly lobed male proctiger in adults, as well as the presence of lanceolate setae and the lack of capitate setae in immatures. Hosts of the Oriental Lautereropsis Burckhardt & Malenovský, 2003 are unknown. The other three genera are associated entirely or partially with Myrtaceae and are mostly Neotropical.

Included genera

* Katacephala Crawford, 1914 (syn. Jenseniella ); Lautereropsis Burckhardt & Malenovský, 2003 ; Notophorina Burckhardt, 1987 ; Tuthillia Hodkinson, Brown & Burckhardt, 1986 .

Figures

Fig. 7. Katacephalinae subfam. nov. A, G. Katacephala longiramis (Burckhardt, 1987). B. Katacephala tenuipennis Tuthill, 1944. C, I. Lautereropsis sp. D, J. Notophorina brevicornis Burckhardt, 1987. E, K. Notophorina sp. F, L. Tuthillia sp. H. Katacephala sp. A–F. Habitus, in profile view. G–L. Head, dorsal view.

Fig. 6. Ciriacreminae Enderlein, 1910: Hollisiana spp. A, C. Hollisiana caradociforma (Brown & Hodkinson, 1988) gen. et comb. nov. B, D. Hollisiana sp. from Brazil. E–H. Hollisiana sp. from Costa Rica. A–B. Habitus, in profile view. C–D. Head, dorsal view. E. Immatures tended by ants. F–H. Immatures with spiral filaments. (Photos E–F by Kenji Nishida; G–H by Piotr Naskrecki).