Coarctana, Domahovski & Cavichioli, 2023

Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz & Cavichioli, Rodney Ramiro, 2023, Phylogenetic analysis and revision of the leafhopper genus Acuera DeLong & Freytag (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) based on morphological data, Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 81, pp. 79-164 : 79

3.3.2. Coarctana gen. nov.

Figs 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32

Type species.

Acuera rana DeLong & Freytag, 1982: 309.

Diagnosis.

Small to medium size leafhoppers (7.0-10.5 mm). Head, in dorsal view (Figs 17A , 18A ), moderately produced anterad, median length slightly longer than half interocular width; crown surface with transverse striae; ocellus slightly closer to inner margin of eye than to midline. Head, in lateral view (Figs 17C , 18C ), crown-face transition thin, with 3-6 transverse carinae. Pronotum (Figs 17A , 18A ) with black or brown punctures. Forewing (Figs 20D , 22D ) M vein with segment after the divergence between R+M and before the cross vein m-cu 1 2 × longer than the length of m-cu 1; appendix reduced. Subgenital plate (Figs 17H , 22H ) usually with long setae. Aedeagus (Figs 17L , 18L ) strongly constricted between dorsal apodeme and atrium; dorsal apodeme with pair of long processes, strongly curved dorsally.

Coloration.

Head and thorax (Figs 29 , 32 ) reddish-brown or yellowish-brown. Head (Figs 17A , 19A ) without black punctures, usually with a pair of small circular black spots, near posterior margin, behind ocelli. Face (Figs 17B , 18B ) usually without maculae. Pronotum (Figs 17A , 18A ) with black or brown punctures and frequently with irregular black spots near anterior margin. Forewing (Figs 17D , 23D ) with black maculae on apex of anal veins, cross veins of discal and apical cells, usually with additional mottled black spots, or with a transverse brown stripe over subapical cells. Legs (Figs 31 , 32 ) without large black maculae or punctures. Metatibia (Figs 17C , 23C ) with cucullate bases of setae blacks.

Description.

Head, in dorsal view (Figs 17A , 18A ), moderately produced anterad, median length slightly longer than half interocular width; transocular width 8.0-8.5 tenths of pronotum humeral width; crown surface with transverse striae; ocellus slightly closer to anterior margin or equidistant between anterior and posterior margins of crown and slightly closer to inner margin of eye than to midline. Head, in frontal view (Figs 17B , 18B ), face wider than high; frons texture shagreen, surface just below the crown-face transition not excavated; frontogenal suture surpassing antennal ledge, extending to anterior margin of crown; supra-antennal lobe oblique, advancing over the frons for short distance; gena with ventrolateral margin rounded and slightly angled medially; maxillary plate produced ventrally as far as clypeus apex. Head, in lateral view (Figs 17C , 18C ), crown-face transition thin, with 3-6 transverse carinae; anterior margin of crown slightly projected over anterior margin of eye; frons not inflated. Pronotum, in dorsal view (Figs 17A , 18A ), with transverse striae on disc and posterior third; lateral margins as long as eye length; posterior margin slightly excavated; in lateral view (Figs 17C , 18C ), moderately declivous, continuous with head declivity. Mesonotum (Figs 17A , 18A ), slightly wider than long; scutellum (Figs 17A , 18A ) slightly swollen. Forewing (Figs 20D , 22D ) without extra numerary veins; M vein with segment after the divergence between R+M and before the cross vein m-cu 1 2 × longer than the length of m-cu 1; appendix reduced, bordering first to second apical cells; apex rounded. Profemur moderately elongated, 3.5 × longer than wide; AD, AM, and PD rows reduced and poorly defined, with exception of apical setae AD1, AM1, and PD1, respectively; IC row formed by slightly arched comb of fine setae, beginning at distal half of femur and extending to AM1; AV row with 4-6 setae restricted to basal half; PV with 1-3 setae. Protibia, in cross-section, semi-circular, dorsal surface with longitudinal carina adjacent to PD row; AV row formed by long setae, slightly longer and thicker towards apex; dorsal rows with apical AD1 and PD1 setae developed; AD row without differentiated setae. Mesotibia with dorsal surface rounded. Metafemur with setal formula 2:2:1. Metatibia with AD row with up to 4 intercalary setae between macrosetae; PV row with setae of apical half formed by sequence of a longer and thicker seta, interspersed with 2-4 thinner and shorter setae, ending with a long and thick seta. Metatarsomere I ventral surface with rows of non-cucullate setae; outer row absent or with setae very reduced in size; inner row with 5-8; pecten with 3-4 platellae, flanked by one inner and one outer tapered seta. Metatarsomere II pecten with 2 platellae, flanked by two inner and one outer tapered seta.

Male terminalia.

Sternite VIII not covering subgenital plates. Pygofer, in lateral view (Figs 22G , 23G ), with basodorsal processes usually developed and extending ventrally. Anal tube membranous, without processes. Subgenital plate (Figs 17H , 22H ) usually with long setae. Aedeagus (Figs 17L , 18L ) strongly constricted between dorsal apodeme and atrium, dorsal apodeme bent ventrally, with pair of long processes, strongly curved dorsally.

Female terminalia.

Pygofer (Fig. 21B , 24B ) with macrosetae distributed on posteroventral quadrant and dorsoapical third. Ovipositor slightly curved dorsally. First valvula (Figs 21C , 27C ) not broadened medially; dorsal sculptured area strigate, beginning after half length of valvula; ventral interlocking device distinct on basoventral 2/5 of blade; apex tapered and acute. Second valvula (Figs 21E , 27E ) wider near half length; dorsal protuberance rounded, located after half length of blade; dorsal margin with few very small, rounded teeth, irregular shaped, present subapically; ventral margin without denticles; apex tapered and subacute. Second valvifer (Figs 21G , 27G ) 2.8 × longer than wide. Gonoplac (Figs 21G , 27G ) posterodorsal margin straight, about 4 tenths of blade length; external surface with dentiform cuticular projections; ventral margin broadly rounded; apex slightly tapered and rounded.

Distribution.

Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.

Etymology.

The generic name Coarctana (feminine noun) is derived from the Latin word “coarctatio” meaning constriction. It refers to aedeagus bearing a strong constriction between the atrium and dorsal apodeme. The suffix - ana is common in names of Gyponini genera.

Figures

Figure 17. Coarctana rana comb. nov., male. A head and thorax, dorsal view. B head, ventral view. C head and thorax, lateral view. D forewing. E sternite VIII, ventral view. F valve, ventral view. G pygofer, valve and subgenital plate, lateral view; g apical portion of pygofer, dorsal view. H subgenital plate, ventral view. I connective, dorsal view. J style, dorsal view. K style, lateral view. L aedeagus, lateral view. M aedeagus, posterior view. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 18. Coarctana asymmetrica sp. nov., holotype male. A head and thorax, dorsal view. B head, ventral view. C head and thorax, lateral view. D forewing. E sternite VIII, ventral view. F valve, ventral view. G pygofer, valve and subgenital plate, lateral view. H subgenital plate, ventral view. I connective, dorsal view. J style, dorsal view. K style, lateral view. L aedeagus, lateral view. M aedeagus, posterior view. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 19. Coarctana glabra sp. nov., holotype male. A head and thorax, dorsal view. B head, ventral view. C head and thorax, lateral view. D forewing. E sternite VIII, ventral view. F valve, ventral view. G pygofer, valve and subgenital plate, lateral view. H subgenital plate, ventral view. I connective, dorsal view. J style, dorsal view. K style, lateral view. L aedeagus, lateral view. M aedeagus, posterior view. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 20. Coarctana nigromedia sp. nov., holotype male. A head and thorax, dorsal view. B head, ventral view. C head and thorax, lateral view. D forewing. E sternite VIII, ventral view. F valve, ventral view. G pygofer, valve and subgenital plate, lateral view. H subgenital plate, ventral view. I connective, dorsal view. J style, dorsal view. K style, lateral view. L aedeagus, lateral view. M aedeagus, posterior view. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 21. Coarctana nigromedia sp. nov., paratype female. A distal portion of abdomen, ventral view. B distal portion of abdomen, lateral view. C first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. D apical portion of first valvula. E second valvula, lateral view. F apical portion of second valvula. G second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. H apical portion of gonoplac. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 22. Coarctana occultata sp. nov., holotype male. A head and thorax, dorsal view. B head, ventral view. C head and thorax, lateral view. D forewing. E sternite VIII, ventral view. F valve, ventral view. G pygofer, valve and subgenital plate, lateral view. H subgenital plate, ventral view. I connective, dorsal view. J style, dorsal view. K style, lateral view. L aedeagus, lateral view. M aedeagus, posterior view. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 23. Coarctana oricula sp. nov., holotype male. A head and thorax, dorsal view. B head, ventral view. C head and thorax, lateral view. D forewing. E sternite VIII, ventral view. F valve, ventral view. G pygofer, valve and subgenital plate, lateral view. H subgenital plate, ventral view. I connective, dorsal view. J style, dorsal view. K style, lateral view. L aedeagus, lateral view. M aedeagus, posterior view. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 24. Coarctana oricula sp. nov., paratype female. A distal portion of abdomen, ventral view. B distal portion of abdomen, lateral view. C first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. D apical portion of first valvula. E second valvula, lateral view. F apical portion of second valvula. G second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. H apical portion of gonoplac. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 25. Coarctana parvula sp. nov., holotype male. A head and thorax, dorsal view. B head, ventral view. C head and thorax, lateral view. D forewing. E sternite VIII, ventral view. F valve, ventral view. G pygofer, valve and subgenital plate, lateral view. H subgenital plate, ventral view. I connective, dorsal view. J style, dorsal view. K style, lateral view. L aedeagus, lateral view. M aedeagus, posterior view. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 26. Coarctana striata sp. nov., holotype male. A head and thorax, dorsal view. B head, ventral view. C head and thorax, lateral view. D forewing. E sternite VIII, ventral view. F valve, ventral view. G pygofer, valve and subgenital plate, lateral view. H subgenital plate, ventral view. I connective, dorsal view. J style, dorsal view. K style, lateral view. L aedeagus, lateral view. M aedeagus, posterior view. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 27. Coarctana striata sp. nov., paratype female. A distal portion of abdomen, ventral view. B distal portion of abdomen, lateral view. C first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. D apical portion of first valvula. E second valvula, lateral view. F apical portion of second valvula. G second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. H apical portion of gonoplac. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 28. Coarctana taurina sp. nov., holotype male. A head and thorax, dorsal view. B head, ventral view. C head and thorax, lateral view. D forewing. E sternite VIII, ventral view. F valve, ventral view. G pygofer, valve and subgenital plate, lateral view. H subgenital plate, ventral view. I connective, dorsal view. J style, dorsal view. K style, lateral view. L aedeagus, lateral view. M aedeagus, posterior view. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 29. Coarctana vilavelha sp. nov., holotype male. A head and thorax, dorsal view. B head, ventral view. C head and thorax, lateral view. D forewing. E sternite VIII, ventral view. F valve, ventral view. G pygofer, valve and subgenital plate, lateral view. H subgenital plate, ventral view. I connective, dorsal view. J style, dorsal view. K style, lateral view. L aedeagus, lateral view. M aedeagus, posterior view. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 30. Coarctana vilavelha sp. nov., paratype female. A distal portion of abdomen, ventral view. B distal portion of abdomen, lateral view. C first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. D apical portion of first valvula. E second valvula, lateral view. F apical portion of second valvula. G second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. H apical portion of gonoplac. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 31. Species of Coarctana gen. nov., dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. A, B C. apena comb. nov., holotype male, AMNH. C, D C. asymmetrica sp. nov., holotype male, DZUP. E, F C. glabra sp. nov., holotype male, DZRJ. G, H C. nigromedia sp. nov., holotype male, DZUP. I, J C. occultata sp. nov., holotype male, DZUP. K, L C. oricula sp. nov., holotype male, DZUP. M, N C. parvula sp. nov., holotype male, DZUP.

Figure 32. Species of Coarctana gen. nov., dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. A, B C. punctata comb. nov., holotype female, NHRS GULI 000069783. C, D C. rana comb. nov., holotype male, OSU. E, F C. serpenta comb. nov., holotype male, AMNH. G, H C. striata sp. nov., holotype male, DZUP. I, J C. taurina sp. nov., holotype male, DZUP. K, L C. vilavelha sp. nov., holotype male, DZUP.