Cyathus tongxinianus Z.Y. Duan & C.L. Zhao, 2023

Duan, Zi-Yan, Yang, Xin, Li, Qi, Yao, Lu & Zhao, Chang-Lin, 2023, Cyathus tongxinianus sp. nov. (Basidiomycota) from China, Phytotaxa 622 (1), pp. 1-16 : 7

Cyathus tongxinianus Z.Y. Duan & C.L. Zhao , sp. nov. Figs. 3 , 4 , 5 , 6

MycoBank no.: MB 848643

Diagnosis: — differs from other Cyathus species by its exoperidium with cream tomentum, smooth outer and inner surface, brown black peridioles with double-layered cortex, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid-elongate, ovoid-elongate basidiospores measuring 8.5–19.5 × 7.5–11 µm.

Etymology: — tongxinianus (Lat.) in honour of the Chinese mycologist Prof. Tongxin Zhou.

Holotype: — CHINA. Nei Monggol Autonomous Region , Hohhot , Horinger County, Nantianmen Forest Farm , E 112°25′, N 40°86′, on fallen branch of angiosperm, 13 September 2000, CLZhao 27588 ( SWFC).

Fruiting body:— cupulate to obconical, 4–10 mm in high, 3–5 mm in wide at the mouth, 0.1–0.2 mm in wide at the base, without expanding at the top or tapering abruptly at the base; emplacement clearly observed; young fruit bodies clavate, lightly brown (6D4), covered by the cream (5A3) hairs aggregated into tomentum or shaggy clusters; exoperidium slightly brown (6E4), tomentulose, external wall non-striate, covered with cream (4A2), irregular and flexible tufts of the hair; the hairy appearance composed by hyphae with clamp connections, yellowish brown, thick-walled (up to 0.5–2 μm thick), 3–8.5 µm in diameter; endoperidium silvery grey to greyish brown (6E4–7F3), smooth inside; mouth finely fimbriate; peridium walls consist of three different layers: (1) outer wall layer hyphal system dimitic, CB –, IKI–, tissues unchanged in KOH; generative hyphae with clamp connections, buff to pale brown, slight thick-walled, branched, 2.5–4.5 µm in diameter; skeletal hyphae yellowish to pale brown, thick-walled, unbranched, 3–5.5 µm in diameter; (2) inner wall layer, hyphal system dimitic, CB –, IKI–, tissues unchanged in KOH; generative hyphae with clamp connections, buff-yellow to pale brown, slight thick-walled, branched, 3.5–5 µm in diameter; skeletal hyphae buff-yellow to pale brown, thick-walled, unbranched, slightly curved, 4–6 µm in diameter; (3) middle layer, pseudoparechymatous, colorless.

Peridioles: — angular to irregular, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, brown black (6F5) to dark grey (8F1), surface irregular, wrinkled, tunica olivaceous buff (4C4), 1.3–2 × 1.2–1.8 mm; cortex double-layered; funicular cord present, funiculus hyphae with clamp connections, thick-walled, branched, yellowish brown, 1.5–4.5 µm in diameter; hyphal system of peridiole monomitic, generative hyphae with clamp connections, colorless, slightly thick-walled, frequently branched, with oil drops inside, 1–5 µm in diameter, CB –, IKI–, tissues unchanged in KOH; crystals present.

Basidiospores: — subglobose, ellipsoid-elongate, ovoid-elongate to broadly ovoid, some irregular, hyaline, smooth, thick-walled (wall up to 0.5–2.5 μm thick), CB –, IKI–, with inclusions or oil-like globule, (8–)8.5–19.5(– 20.5) × (7–)7.5–11(–11.5) µm, the range of the mean of length × the range of the mean of width = 14.13 × 9.22 µm, Q = 1.5–1.6 (n = 60/2). Basidia not observed.

Additional specimen examined (paratype): — CHINA. Nei Monggol Autonomous Region , Hohhot , Horinger County, Nantianmen Forest Farm , E 112°25′, N 40°86′, on fallen branch of angiosperm, 13 September 2000, CLZhao 28521 ( SWFC) .

Figures

FIGURE 3. Basidiomata of Cyathus tongxinianus showing in (B) hairs of peridium. Bars: A = 1 cm, B = 1 mm (Holotype: CLZhao 27588). Photoplate by: Zi-Yan Duan.

FIGURE 4. Peridioles of Cyathus tongxinianus showing in (B) a cross-section. Bars:A–B = 1 mm (Holotype: CLZhao 27588). Photoplate by: Zi-Yan Duan.

FIGURE 5. Microscopic structures of Cyathus tongxinianus (drawn from the holotype, CLZhao 27588). A: Outer wall of peridium. B: Inner wall of peridium. C: Structure of the hairs. Bars: A–C = 10 µm. Drawings by: Zi-Yan Duan.

FIGURE 6. Microscopic structures of Cyathus tongxinianus (drawn from the holotype, CLZhao 27588).A: Basidiospores. B: Generative hyphae of the funicular cord. C: Internal structure of the peridiole. Bars:A–C = 10 µm. Drawings by: Zi-Yan Duan.