Sermyla riquetii, (GRATELOUPE, 1840)

Lentge-MAAss, Nora, Neiber, Marco T., Gimnich, France & Glaubrecht, Matthias, 2021, Evolutionary systematics of the viviparous gastropod Sermyla (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Thiaridae), with the description of a new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192 (3), pp. 736-762 : 750-753

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa120

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:14715EED-3C76-4F47-AD05-9DE6F6F8127D

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7017358

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/072C87E5-FFFB-FFBE-FF07-A0D9CD38299F

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Sermyla riquetii
status

 

SERMYLA RIQUETII ( GRATELOUPE, 1840) View in CoL

( FIGS 1 A–O View Figure 1 , 4 View Figure 4 , 11C, D View Figure 11 )

Melania riquetii Grateloupe, 1840: 433 View in CoL , pl. 3, fig. 28.

Type locality: ‘Bombay’ ( Mumbai, India) in the original publication, but ‘Batavia [1. line], Samarang [2. line]’ (Jakarta, Semarang, Java, Indonesia) on the label of the type series (BMNH 1907.11.2240–1; see also Glaubrecht et al., 2009).

Melania harpula Dunker, 1844 View in CoL in Philippi (1844: 161, Melania View in CoL pl. 3, fig. 6).

Type locality: ‘ Java?’ (Java, Indonesia) in the original publication, but ‘ Philippinen’ ( Philippines) on the label of the type series ( ZMB 109669 View Materials ).

Melania mitra Dunker, 1844 in Philippi (1844: 162, Melania pl. 3, fig. 9).

Type locality: Not given in the original publication, but ‘ Philippinen’ ( Philippines) is mentioned on the label of the type series ( ZMB 109670 View Materials ).

Melania semicostata Philippi (1847: 171–172 View in CoL , Melania View in CoL pl. 4, fig. 12) (non Melania semicostata Conrad, 1835 View in CoL ).

Type locality: ‘Java’ (Java, Indonesia).

Melania tornatella Lea & Lea, 1851: 185–186 View in CoL .

Type locality: Shallow rivers, Tanhay, Isle of Negros, Philippines.

Melania sculpta Souleyet, 1852: 546 View in CoL , pl. 31, figs 16–18.

Type locality: ‘ Îles Philippines’ ( Philippines).

Sermyla kowloonensis Chen, 1943: 20 View in CoL , pl. 6, fig. 3. Type locality: Kowloon , on the mainland opposite Hong Kong.

Type material: Melania riquetii : two syntypes ( BMNH 1907.11.2240–41). Melania harpula : one syntype ( ZMB 109669 View Materials ). Melania mitra : two syntypes ( ZMB 109770 View Materials ). Melania tornatella : three syntypes ( BMNH 1978155 ). Melania sculpta : lectotype (present designation; BMNH 1854.7.24.381) ; five paralectotypes ( BMNH 1854.7.24.381; only one conspecific with the lectotype, see Fig. 1 G View Figure 1 and Remarks below). Sermyla kowloonensis : Holotype ( USNM 48041 View Materials )

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Additional material examined: Samples indicated by ‘w’ refer to ethanol-preserved material used for molecular genetic analyses herein. India: ( MCZ; USNM 41037 View Materials , 119780 View Materials ); Bombay ( MNHN) ; Malabar Coast ( MNHN) ; Guilon ( USNM 515619 View Materials ) . Sri Lanka: ( MCZ; USNM 20005 View Materials ) . Thailand: ( MCZ 292173 View Materials w) ; Narativat, canal of the Lagoon ( MCZ 292170 View Materials ; SMF 21987-1 View Materials ; ZSM 3817 View Materials w) ; Klong Koto, 40 km from Narativath to Pattani ( ZSM 3818 View Materials ) ; Pak Panang near Nakon Sri-Tammarath ( MCZ 288662 View Materials , 292172 View Materials ; SMF 219868–9 View Materials ; ZSM 3812 View Materials w; MNHN) ; Kao Yoi, near Petburi ( MCZ 288656 View Materials ; SMF 219861 View Materials /1, 244575/10, 271681/45; ZSM 624 View Materials ) ; Ban La Mung, Chonburi Province, Klong Na Glua at Ban Na Glua ( MCZ 256624 View Materials , 292171 View Materials w, 280588; SMF 219858–60; ZSM 621–2 View Materials w) ; Klong Na Chom Tian , Chonburi ( SMF 206921 View Materials /6; USNM 776183 View Materials , w) ; Pattaya, Mung ( SMF 219859 View Materials ) ; Pattaya, Na Klua ( SMF 219857 View Materials ) ; Maenam Chao Phraya, Bangkok ( SMF 219862 View Materials , 220341 View Materials /15; ZSM 3811 View Materials w) ; Klong Ka Seng, Smgkla ( SMF 198239 View Materials /9) ; Ko Samui: Klong Jokare, Ang Tong ( SMF 219863–4 View Materials ; USNM 776209 View Materials w, 794130 w) ; Ban Had Lamai ( SMF 219866 View Materials ) ; Ban Bo Phud ( SMF 219865 View Materials /15) ; Klong Lung Wat Thai, near Pak Bang, Ratapun ( ZSM 3839 View Materials w) ; Gulf of Siam, Koh Pa-ngan ( USNM 384123 View Materials , 384126 View Materials ) ; Ban Amphoe, Sattahieb ( USNM 776740 View Materials , w) ; Klong La Mung , Chonburi ( USNM 777539 View Materials ) ; Puek Tian, N of Hua Hin , 12°57.495´N 100°1.91´E ( ZMB 107883 View Materials , 107886 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Petchaburi, drainage near Puek Tian, 12°57.426´N 100°2.075´E ( ZMB 127817 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Samut Song Khram, Don Hoi Lot, 13°22.084´N 100°0.267´E ( ZMB 127818 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Vietnam: ( MCZ) ; Tonkin: Phong Tho (?) ( ZMB 61228) ; Tuan Chau Island, Ha Long Bay ( BMNH 2403 ) ; Hue, Laggon near Lang Co, 16°15.67´N 108°3.52´E, ( ZMB 114421 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . China: ( USNM 195903 View Materials ) ; Hongkong ( CAS 6164 View Materials ; MCZ 167009 View Materials ; SMF 50022/8, 39143-a/1, 39143/27, 39144, 115456/18, 291774/6, 213472/3; ZMB 94721) ; Landau , near Hongkong ( SMF 39146/10) ; Kowloon ( USNM 516422–3 View Materials ) ; Macau ( SMF 39147/3, USNM 218446 View Materials ) ; Setshuan ( SMF 291775 View Materials /6) ; Hainan ( SMF 39142, 39145 View Materials /6, 39148/2, 39161/39, 291773/5) . Japan: Riu Kiu Islands : Okinawa ( USNM 342622 View Materials ) ; Loochoo Islands : ( MCZ 43018) ; Naha ( USNM 218541 View Materials ) . Philippines: ( CAS 6216 View Materials ; MCZ 74828, 49684 View Materials ; MNHN; SMF 291786–7, 291790/2; ZMB 26735, 210087 View Materials ) ; Ubay ( BMNH) . Leyte: estuary, 2 miles S of Tanauan , W side of airfield ( MCZ 179067 View Materials ; USNM 788823 View Materials ) ; Ormoe Bay ( MCZ) ; Tarragona , 1 mile E ( MCZ) ; Baybay ( USNM 788745 View Materials ) ; Cancabato River , bridge at Burayan ( USNM 789949 View Materials ) ; Lubang Island : ( USNM 467359 View Materials ) ; Cabuyan Islands , SW of Lubang ( MCZ 138214 View Materials ) ; Loac, Agkawayan River ( MCZ 108214 View Materials ) ; Cabra Island ( MCZ 138202 View Materials ) . Luzon: Manila ( MCZ 22245; USNM 259116 View Materials , 654082 View Materials ) ; Pasigfluss ( ZMB 210084 View Materials ) ; near mouth Sayabas River ( USNM 239995 View Materials ) ; Camp Wallace, La Union ( USNM 259258 View Materials ) ; Basiguran ( USNM 259228 View Materials ) ; Bacoon Bay ( USNM 259361 View Materials , 258891 View Materials ) ; Port San Vincente , Palaui ( USNM 259014 View Materials ) ; Bin Malay, Pangasinan ( USNM 608320 View Materials ) ; Merivales Harbor ( CAS 20691) . Negros: ( USNM 118539 View Materials , 130784 View Materials ) ; Dunagusta ( USNM 881 View Materials ) , Guijulugan ( USNM 243523 View Materials ) . Mindoro: Sapa, Lubang ( MCZ) ; Malugayo River ( USNM 258966 View Materials ) ; Naujan River ( USNM 259340 View Materials ) ; Paluan Bay, mouth of Paluan River ( USNM 239849 View Materials , 258940 View Materials ) , Caminiwit Pt. ( USNM 487579 View Materials , 487592 View Materials ) . Mindanao: Dapitan ( MCZ 22244; SMF 291789 View Materials /9) ; Minlagas, Misamis ( SMF 291791 View Materials /1) ; Opol ( USNM 258972 View Materials ) ; Santa Cruz : Davao ( MCZ 36265) ; Davao River ( USNM 258907 View Materials , 259317 View Materials , 739431 View Materials ) ; near Zamboanga ( USNM 259128 View Materials , 591910 View Materials ) ; Susigao River ( USNM 258922 View Materials , 544066 View Materials ) ; S of Cotobata ( USNM 258953 View Materials ) ; Malaling River , Malabang ( USNM 259296 View Materials , 258984 View Materials ) . Palawan: Iwahig River , near Alf ( CAS 599 View Materials ) ; Siquijor ( SMF 291788 View Materials /17) ; Bagac, Bataan ( USNM 774990 View Materials , 775021 View Materials ) . Singapore: ( ZMB 210077 View Materials ) ; Bedok Well ( USNM 622515 View Materials ) ; Mandai River estuary, N Singapore, 1°26´N, 103°46´E ( AMS C.317335) GoogleMaps . Indonesia: Java: ( MNHN, ZMB 210080 View Materials ) ; ‘ Batavia’ (= Jakarta) ( ZMB 107007 View Materials ) ; Batavia , rice fields ( MCZ 90663) ; West Java, Ujungkulon Peninsula, Nyiur ( CAS 109940 View Materials w) ; Sukabumi ( ZMB 210078 View Materials ) ; Garoet ( MCZ 115025 View Materials ) . Borneo: Balikpapan ( MCZ 100483 View Materials ) , Singkawang ( ZMB 210083 View Materials ) . Bali: Gumbrih River , 8°26.542´S 114° 52.598´E ( ZMB 106474 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Lovina ( ZMB 104180 View Materials ) ; Lombok: SW Pemenang, near estuary ( ZMB 104178 View Materials ) ; Laboean Hadji , beach ( ZMB 75506) . Sumbawa: Satonda Island , crater lake ( ZMB 104179 View Materials ) . Flores: Waiara, E of Maumere , 8 °38.391´S 122 °18.707´E, ( ZMB 106473 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Timor: Kupang (210085). Banka: Muntok ( ZMB 210081 View Materials ) . Bunguran: Sungei Illu ( ZMB 210086 View Materials ) . Bismarck Archipelago: New Britain: Karlei, Weite Bucht ( ZMB 87303) ; Weite Bucht ( ZMB 87305) ; Malkong ( ZMB 87304) ; Willaumez-Halbinsel: Nakanai ( Dakatansee ) ( ZMB 87362) . New Ireland: E coast, Medina, 100 km S Karieng ( USNM 858220 View Materials w) . Solomon Islands: Bougainville Id., Kieta ( MCZ 111918 View Materials ) ; Guadalcanal, Lunga River ( USNM 610202 View Materials ) .

Diagnosis: Shell less than 20 mm high, aperture approximately as high as the spire; opisthocyrt ribs and basal spiral grooves well-developed. Crawling juveniles released from subhaemocoelic brood pouch of female.

Description

Shell ( Fig. 1A–O View Figure 1 ): Shell compact, oval, usually dark brown (sometimes lighter brown or cream coloured with darker spots) with up to seven whorls; up to 20 mm high. Sculpture on body whorl and spire prominent axial, opisthocyrt ribs; on basal part of body whorl also with elevated spiral ridges and deep spiral grooves.

Reproduction: Brood pouches of females filled with about 25 to 80 (mean 64) shelled juveniles of different ontogenetic stages, i.e. reproductive strategy euviviparous.

Juvenile shell ( Fig. 5B View Figure 5 ): Juvenile shells with up to five whorls and pronounced axial ribs, crossed by more or less developed spiral ridges. Most of the juveniles ~ 1 mm high (maximum 2.5 mm). Percentage of juveniles bigger than 1.1 mm ranges from 2.5% (Bali) to 12.8% ( Thailand).

Radula ( Fig. 11C, D View Figure 11 ): Taeniogloss and typical for Thiaridae (see: Glaubrecht et al., 2009). Rachidian with a narrow triangular central denticle with a sharply pointed tip and three smaller denticles on either side of central denticle, also triangular in shape with a sharply pointed tip. Central denticles of the lateralia broad and rounded, flanked by two to three pointed denticles on either side. Marginal teeth with six to seven denticles.

Ecology: Sermyla riquetii was originally suspected to be a marine species by Grateloupe (1840: 433: ‘Je la soupconne marine’). This is erroneous insofar as we found all Sermyla species in freshwater to brackishwater environments in the estuaries of tropical streams, above the influence of the tides, where it lives on muddy and sandy substrate and feeds on detritus. Based on our observation from sampling in Thailand, S. riquetii was found in the quieter regions of the river rather than in the running stream, because in those parts mud, sand and richer substrate can accumulate.

Distribution: The species is distributed from India and Sri Lanka into the mainland and insular regions of Southeast Asia, the Indo-Malay Archipelago ranging far into the Pacific region and to Australia (see Fig. 2 View Figure 2 and the material list for details).

Remarks

All samples collected outside of Sulawesi and Australia belong to S. riquetii as here delimited. Accordingly, we synonymize M. harpula , M. mitra , M. semicostata , M. tornatella , M. sculpta and S. kowloonensis with S. riquetii , which exhibit no discernible differences that would justify species separation. The type series of M. sculpta includes at least three different thiarid species. To stabilize the name, we here select the specimen shown in Figure 1G View Figure 1 as the lectotype of M. sculpta . There is one paralectotype considered here to be conspecific with the lectotype. One of the remaining four paralectotypes is identified as Mieniplotia scabra ( Müller, 1774) . The other three probably belong to the taxonomic complex comprised by the genus-group taxa Melanoides Olivier, 1804 , Stenomelania Fischer, 1885 and Neoradina Brandt, 1974 in the sense of Wiggering et al. (2019).

Glaubrecht et al. (2009) supposed an ovoviviparous reproductive strategy for S. riquetii based on the investigation of material from Sulawesi. However, our results suggest that this particular reproductive strategy is actually restricted to samples from Sulawesi only, which we here suggest to represent a distinct species (see below). In contrast, S. riquetii has an euviviparous reproductive strategy, which we recorded here for samples from Thailand, Vietnam and Bali, and which Bandel & Riedel (1998) recorded for samples from Negros Island ( Philippines). However, it has to be noted that this hypothesis should be tested when additional preserved material becomes available for study in the future.

MCZ

Museum of Comparative Zoology

MNHN

Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle

ZMB

Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)

SMF

Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg

CAS

California Academy of Sciences

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Mollusca

Class

Gastropoda

Order

Lepidoptera

Family

Thiaridae

Genus

Sermyla

Loc

Sermyla riquetii

Lentge-MAAss, Nora, Neiber, Marco T., Gimnich, France & Glaubrecht, Matthias 2021
2021
Loc

Sermyla kowloonensis

Chen S-F 1943: 20
1943
Loc

Melania sculpta

Souleyet LFA 1852: 546
1852
Loc

Melania tornatella

Lea I & Lea H 1851: 186
1851
Loc

Melania semicostata

Philippi RA 1847: 172
1847
Loc

Melania riquetii

Grateloupe JPS de 1840: 433
1840
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