Plagiocephalus lobularis ( Wiedemann, 1830a )

Vasconcelos, Ana Caroline O., Wendt, Lisiane D. & de Carvalho, Claudio J. B., 2019, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical stalk-eyed fly Plagiocephalus Wiedemann (Diptera, Ulidiidae, Ulidiinae), Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 63 (1), pp. 80-90 : 85-86

Plagiocephalus lobularis ( Wiedemann, 1830a)

( Figs. 1A–C , 2A–C , 3A, B , 4A, B, E, F , 5A, C)

Plagiocephalus lobularis ( Wiedemann, 1830a) : Wiedemann, 1830b: 15; Macquart, 1843: 213 ( Plagiocephala lobularis ); Hendel, 1909b: 47; Westwood, 1849: 235; Frey, 1926: 47; Carrera, 1950: 262, 265 ( Plagiocephalus latifrons (misidentification; see Steyskal, 1963); Aczél, 1951: 422; Hennig, 1952: 616; Steyskal, 1963: 512, 1968: 54.21; Kameneva, 2004b: 16.

Achias lobularis Wiedemann, 1830a: 555 (Lectotype male, ZMUC; Type locality: Brasilia ( Brazil)) (examined by photographs); Macquart, 1835: 260.

Paragoniaeola tanycephala Blanchard, 1938a: 371 (Holotype male, INTA; Type locality: Argentina: Misiones) (synonymized by Aczél, 1951: 399) (examined by photographs).

Eupterocerina conjuncta Blanchard, 1938b: 91 (Holotype female, unknown collection; Type locality: Argentina: Misiones, Puerto Bemberg) (synonymized by Steyskal, 1968: 54.21).

Ophryoterpnomyia zikani Capoor, 1954: 205 (Holotype female, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (no. 5787, 4541–4543); Type locality: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia) (synonymized by Steyskal, 1963: 512).

Type material. Lectotype of Achias lobularis (designed by Kameneva, 2004b) (male): “ P. lobularis / Wied. / Brazils / Lund”, “Mus./Westerm.”, “ Syntype male / Achias lobularis / Wiedemann / 1830 / des. V. Korneyev / XII.2003 ”, “ Syntypus ”, “ZMUC 00025500”.

Diagnosis. Plagiocephalus lobularis can be differentiated from P. latifrons and P. intermedius by the shortest eyestalks (1.42–3.94 mm) ( Fig. 1A, B ); female parafacialia yellow ( Fig. 2A ); radial–medial band well connected to discal band ( Fig. 3A, B ), and male wing with three posterior lobes ( Fig. 3A ). The species can also be distinguished by male frons with dark gold spot on anterior portion of ocellar triangle ( Fig. 1B ); male with purplish black spot from ventral side of the head up to face and part of the parafacialia ( Fig. 1A ); scape dark gold to brown ( Figs. 1A , 2A ); pedicel and first flagellomere gold, sometimes with darker marks ( Figs. 1A , 2A ); male palpus brown, and female palpus yellow; proboscis brown, with brown and yellow setulae. Wing with crossvein r-m located distinctly before apex of vein R 1 ( Fig. 3A, B ); cell cup yellow and, in males, closed by an almost straight vein ( Fig. 3A ); cells c and sc, and base of discal band with colouration darker than in the other bands ( Fig. 3A, B ); male discal and subapical bands forming a rounded angle ( Fig. 3A ). Legs brown, with tarsi lighter and fore coxa yellow; male fore femur with base yellow ( Fig. 1C ); female fore femur yellow, with a subbasal brown ring ( Fig. 2C ).

Measurements: Male: Body: 2.37–3.52 mm; Wing: 4.35–5.34 mm. Female: Body: 2.49–3.75 mm; Wing: 4.35–5.82 mm; Oviscape: 1.0–1.5 mm.

Material examined. ARGENTINA: Misiónes, Iguazú (25.6036 S, 54.5558 W), 04–10.x.1927, R. C & E. M. Shannon leg., 1 male (Det.: E. Kameneva, 2001) ( USNM) . BRAZIL: Ceará: Ibiapaba, Cachoeira Samambaia , 21.x.2011, Gomes & Duarte leg., 1 female ( DZUP) ; Ubajara, Parque Nacional do Ubajara, Cachoeira do Cafundó (3.8369 S, 40.9097 W), 01–15.i.2013, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira & J. S. Pinto Júnior leg., 1 male ( CZMA) . Goiás: (Est. Goyaz), Campinas , i–1936, R. Spitz leg., 1 female ( MNRJ) and 5 females ( MZSP) ; Goianesia , ix.1969, H. Ebert leg., 2 females ( MZSP) . Mato Grosso do Sul: Aquidauana (20.4344 S, 55.6558 W), 15–26.x.2011, Lamas, Nihei & eq. leg., 1 female ( MZSP) ; Maracaju , ii.1937, 1 female ( USNM) . Paraná: Antonina, Reserva Rio Cachoeira (25.3119 S, 48.6717 W), 50 m, 23–27.i.2017, A. C. Domahovski leg., 1 male and 1 female ( DZUP) ; Curitiba, Jardim Botânico (25.4421 S, 49.2388 W), 05.iv.2015, O. Aguirre-Obando leg., 1 male ( DZUP) ; idem, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Mata Viva (25.4458 S, 49.2324 W), 921 m, 28.vii–11.viii.2015, L. Wendt leg., 1 male ( DZUP) ; ibidem, 11–25.viii.2015, 2 females ( DZUP) ; ibidem, 09–24.ix.2015, 1 female ( DZUP) ; ibidem, 09–23.x.2015, 1 male ( DZUP) ; ibidem, 18.xi–03.xii.2015, 1 female ( DZUP) ; ibidem, 08–25.i.2016, 1 male and 2 females ( DZUP) ; ibidem, 11–25.ii.2016, 1 male and 2 females ( DZUP) ; ibidem, 26.ii–14.iii.2016, 2 males and 1 female ( DZUP) ; ibidem, 14–28.iii.2016, 3 males and 2 females ( DZUP) ; ibidem, 28.iii–13.iv.2016, 2 males and 2 females ( DZUP) ; ibidem, 13–28.iv.2016, 2 males and 4 females ( DZUP) ; ibidem, 25.viii–09.ix.2016, 1 female ( DZUP) ; idem, 6–9.xii.2016, A. C. Vasconcelos leg., 1 female ( DZUP) ; ibidem, 21–23.ii.2017, 1 male and 1 female ( DZUP) ; ibidem, 28.iii–03.iv.2017, 1 male ( DZUP) ; idem, 15.ix.2017, S. Silva leg., 3 females ( DZUP) ; Paranaguá, Floresta Estadual do Palmito (25.5688 S, 48.5355 W), 16–17.vii.2014, Leviski, Siewert & Queiroz-Santos leg., 2 males ( DZUP) ; São José dos Pinhais (25.6047 S, 49.1933 W), 897 m, xi.2016, A. C. Domahovski leg., 2 females ( DZUP) ; ibidem, xii.2016, 1 female ( DZUP) . Pernambuco: Bonito, Cachoeira Véu da Noiva (8.5423 S, 35.715 W), 510 m, 25.iii.2015, F. Bravo leg., 1 male ( DZUP) . Rio de Janeiro: Angra, Japuíba “Japuhyba” (22.9949 S, 44.2920 W), i.1985, E. Dorio & T. Travasso leg., 1 female ( MNRJ) ; Casimiro de Abreu, Reserva Biológica da União, Trilha Buracão (22.4240 S, 42.0391 W), 14.i–14.ii.2014, Eq. Col. Biota Diptera Fluminense leg., 1 female ( MNRJ) ; Rio de Janeiro, x–xii.1937 –1.1938, R. C. Shannon leg., 2 females ( USNM) ; idem, ix.1938, 1 female ( USNM) ; idem, x.1938, YelFevServ. MESBrazil, 9 females (Det.: G. Steyskal, 1962) ( USNM) ; ibidem, i.1939, 1 female ( USNM) ; idem, 08.xi.1933, H. Lopes Souza leg., “ Terpnomyia latifrons ”, 1 female ( MNRJ) ; idem, ix.1938, Serv. Febre Amarela MESBrazil, 1 female ( USNM) ; idem, “ Dist. Federal ”, x.1937, Serv. Febre Amarela MESBrazil, 1 male ( USNM) ; idem, xii.1938, Serv. Febre Amarela MESBrazil, 1 female ( USNM) ; ibidem, xiii.1938, 1 female ( USNM) ; idem, ix.1938, R. C. Shannon leg., YelFevServ. MESBrazil, 1 female ( USNM) ; Jacarepaguá, Repr. Rio Grande , iii.1968, M. Alvarenga leg., 1 female ( MZSP) ; Nova Friburgo, Caledônia , 2219 m, ii.2001, E. & P. Grossi leg., 1 male ( DZUP) . idem, Sans Souci (22.2808 S, 42.5121 W), 06.i.2010, 2 males ( DZUP) . idem, Sítio Caturama , 1050 m, 30.xii.2008, P. Grossi leg., 1 male ( DZUP) ; Petrópolis, Taquara (22.6185 S, 43.2301 W), 28.xii.197?, H. S. Lopes leg., 1 male ( MZSP) ; ibidem, 13.xii.1970, 1 female ( MZSP) ; ibidem, 28.xii.1970, 1 female ( MZSP) ; ibidem, 01.i.1971, 1 female ( MZSP) ; ibidem, 03.i.1971, 3 females ( MZSP) ; ibidem,?. i.1971, 1 female ( MZSP) ; ibidem, 11.i.1971, 1 female ( MZSP) ; ibidem, 14.i.1971, 1 male and 3 females ( MZSP) ; ibidem, 06.ii.1971, 1 male and 2 females ( MZSP) ; ibidem, 07.ii.1971, 1 male and 2 females ( MZSP) ; ibidem, 14.ii.1972, 2 females ( MZSP) ; ibidem, 15.ii.1972, 3 females ( MZSP) ; ibidem, 11.vi.1972, 1 female ( MZSP) and 7 females ( MZSP) . Santa Catarina: Florianópolis , vii.1960, Casemiro leg., 1 female ( MZSP) ; Joinville , 27.i.1972, H. S. Lopes leg., 1 female ( MZSP) ; Seara [= Nova Teutônia ] (27.1833 S, 52.3833 W), 24.x.1936, Fritz Plaumann leg., Brit. Mus. 1936–256, A. E. Whittington (2004), 1 male ( NHMUK 010862540 ) ; ibidem, 29.xi.1937, Brit. Mus. 1938–40, 2 females ( NHMUK 010862538 , NHMUK 010862539 ) ; ibidem, 28.iii.1938, Brit. Mus. 1938–312, 1 female ( NHMUK 010862537 ) ; ibidem, ii.1967, 1 female ( MZSP) ; ibidem, ii.1969, 1 female ( MZSP) ; ibidem, x.1969, 2 females ( MZSP) ; ibidem, xi.1970, 1 female ( MZSP) ; ibidem, vii.1971, 1 female ( MZSP) . São Paulo: Andes , 1955, M. Carrera leg., 1 male and 2 females ( MZSP) ; Barueri ,?. ii.1966, K. Lenko leg., 1 female ( MZSP) ; Butantan , 02.vii.1979, H. S. Lopes leg., 1 female ( MZSP) ; ibidem, 12.vii.1979, 1 female ( MZSP) ; idem, Horta O. Cruz, 06.viii.1969, L.T.F. leg., 1 male ( MZSP) ; ibidem, 08.viii.1979, 1 male ( MZSP) ; ibidem, 11.viii.1971, 2 males and 3 females ( MZSP) ; Cantareira, Chapadão (23.4142 S, 46.6000 W), viii.1946, Barreto leg., 1 female ( MZSP) ; Rio Paraná, Porto Cabral , 01–25.iv.1944, Trav. Fo., Carrera & E. Dente leg., 1 male ( MZSP) ; São José dos Campos , 15–22.viii.1997, Eurico R. de Paulo leg., 1 female ( LACM) ; ibidem, 07–14.ix.1997, 1 female ( LACM) .

Distribution. Brazil (Ceará *, Pernambuco *, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná * and Santa Catarina), Paraguay and Argentina ( Fig. 6 ).

Comments. Blanchard (1938a, 1938b) deposited the holotypes of Paragoniaeola tanycephala and Eupterocerina conjuncta in his personal collection, and only the material of P. tanycephala could be tracked down (INTA).

Figures

Fig. 1. A–C. Plagiocephalus lobularis, male:A.Head in frontal view; B.Body in dorsal view; C. Body in lateral view. D–F. Plagiocephalus latifrons, male: D.Head in frontal view; E. Body in dorsal view; F.Body in lateral view.

Fig. 2. A–C. Plagiocephalus lobularis, female: A. Head in frontal view; B. Body in dorsal view; C. Body in lateral view. D–F. Plagiocephalus latifrons, female: D. Head in frontal view; E. Body in dorsal view; F. Body in lateral view. G–I. Plagiocephalus intermedius, female: G. Head in frontal view; H. Body in dorsal view; I. Body in lateral view.

Fig. 3. A–B.Plagiocephalus lobularis: A.Male wing; B. Female wing. C–D.Plagiocephalus latifrons: C.Male wing; D. Female wing. E–F.Plagiocephalus intermedius: E.Male wing; F. Female wing. Abbreviations: ab: apical band; db: discal band; sab: subapical band; rmb: radial-medial band.

Fig. 4. A–D.General morphology of the male terminalia of Plagiocephalus: A.Ejaculatory apodeme in lateral view (P. lobularis); B.Male terminalia in lateral view (P. lobularis); C. Epandrium in posterior view (P. latifrons); D. Hypandrium, phallapodeme, phallapodemic arms, basiphallus and distiphallus (P. latifrons). E–F.General morphology of the female terminalia of Plagiocephalus: E. Female terminalia in dorsal view (P. lobularis); F. Spermathecae (P. lobularis). Abbreviations: basiph: basiphallus; cerc: cerci; distph: distiphallus; ej apod: ejaculatory apodeme; epand: epandrium; ev memb: eversible membrane; hypd: hypandrium; lat sur: lateral surstylus; med sur: medial surstylus; ovscp: oviscape; phapod: phallapodeme; phapod arm: phallapodemic arm; prens: prensiseta; sg 8: segment 8; spmth: spermathecae; tae: taeniae.

Fig. 6. Distribution map of Plagiocephalus with Costa Rica detached. Circles show distribution records from the literature. Stars show new distribution records. Yellow: P. intermedius; Red: P.latifrons; Light blue: P.lobularis.