Ctenitis deflexa (Kaulf.) Copeland (1947: 124)

Viveros, Raquel Stauffer, Rouhan, Germinal & Salino, Alexandre, 2018, A taxonomic monograph of the fern genus Ctenitis (Dryopteridaceae) in South America, Phytotaxa 385 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

7. Ctenitis deflexa (Kaulf.) Copeland (1947: 124) . Figs. 09F, 13F–H, 16C. Polypodium deflexum Kaulfuss (1824: 114) . Dryopteris deflexa (Kaulf.) Christensen (1906: 261) . Type:— BRAZIL. Hab. in Brasilia, Mertens communicavit (no original material known); Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional da Tijuca, 22º56’48”S, 43º44’37’’W, 726 m, 28 March 2012, Mynssen et al. 1301 (neotype RB 00701377!, designated here).

Polypodium vestitum Raddi (1819: 288) , nom. illeg., non Forster (1786: 82), non Hooker (1862: 271), nom. illeg., non Philipp in Iohow (1892: 995), nom. illeg. Nephrodium vestitum (Raddi) Baker in Hooker & Baker (1868: 265). Aspidium raddianum Mettenius (1858: 91) , non Aspidium vestitum Swartz (1801: 37) . Nephrodium raddianum (Mett.) Hooker (1862: 98) . Type: — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro: “Invenitur in sylvis montis Corcovado”, Pohl s.n. (lectotype PI! designated by Pichii Sermolii & Bizzari 2005).

Aspidium basilare Fée (1869: 135) . Type: — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 2373 (lectotype P 00643972!, designated here, isolectotypes BR 0000006988357!, P 00643971!, P 01630479!).

Phegopteris fluminensis Fée (1869: 97) . Type: — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 965 (lectotype P 00170004!, designated here, isolectypes BR 0000013531638!, RB 00608023!).

Dryopteris deflexa (Kaulf.) C. Chr. var. aschersonii Mettenius ex Christensen (1913a: 99) . Type: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo. Minas Strasse, 1816, Wied-Neuwied s.n. (lectotype B 20 0054777!, designated here, isolectotypes B 20 0054778!, BM!).

Stems short-creeping, 1.7–2.8 cm diam., scales 2.4–3.1 × 0.6–1.2 mm, light castaneous, clathrate, lanceolate, slightly denticulate, with many short and long fimbriae along all margin; leaves 40–102 cm long; petioles 15–45 cm × 1.8–4.3 mm, with 4 vascular bundles at base, stramineous, scales 2.5–6.2 × 0.6–1.2 mm, dark brown with pale edges, clathrate, tangled on petiole base, becoming appressed towards distal portion, flattish, flaccid, lanceolate with cordate base and attenuate or filiform apex, slightly denticulate, with many short and long fimbriae along all margin, sparse catenate trichomes or absent abaxially, sparse glandular trichomes or absent; laminae 27–60 × 10.5–23.5 cm, width 1/3–1/2 of length, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid basally, medially and apically, lanceolate,

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apex confluent; rachises stramineous, scales like those on distal portion of petioles, sparse to dense catenate trichomes abaxially, sparse glandular trichomes; pinnae 13–18 pairs, the basal and medial ones stalked to 1.6 mm long, the apical ones sessile, basal pinnae basiscopically and acroscopically somewhat equally developed, the medial 6–11 × 2.0– 2.8 cm, lanceolate, incised 1/2–3/4 of the distance between the segment apex and costa, basal segments somewhat shorter than the next at basal pinnae, but longer at medial, apex acute; adaxial pinnae axes with sparse scales on costa, 1.2–1.6 × 0.12 mm, light castaneous, linear or linear-lanceolate, catenate trichomes dense on costa, sparse on costule, rare on veins, bacilliform trichomes absent; adaxial laminar surface between veins glabrous; abaxial pinnae axes with dense scales on costa and costule (basally), (0.9) 1.8–3.7 × (0.1) 0.3–0.8 mm, light castaneous, clathrate, imbricate, flattish, flaccid, ovate or lanceolate with cordate base and filiform apex, slightly denticulate, with many short and long fimbriae along all margin, proscales to 0.9 mm long sparse on constule, catenate trichomes sparse on costa, bacilliform trichomes sparse on costa, costule and veins, glandular trichomes sparse on costa and sometimes also on costule, filiform trichomes absent; abaxial laminar surface between veins glabrous or with sparse bacilliform trichomes; segments 11–17 pairs, 3.0– 5.7 mm wide, patent or subfalcate, entire, repand or crenate towards apex, apex truncate, obtuse or acute, margin with catenate trichomes, the distance from each other is narrower than segments width; veins simple, 5–10 pairs per segment, the basal ones from adjacent segments end at margin well above the sinus; sori inframedial, indusia conspicuous or inconspicuous, entire, with bacilliform trichomes; spores with coarse folds and large tubercles.

Selected specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Alagoas: Ibateguara, Usina Serra Grande, Engenho Coimbra , Grota do Taquarí / Porcos , 390–415 m, 09º00’19’’S, 35º 51’50.8’’W, 10 February 2001, Pietrobom & Santiago 4931 ( BHCB) ; Bahia: Jussari, Fazenda Serra do Teimoso, Reserva Serra do Teimoso , 750–850 m, 15º 05’44’’S, 39º 32’33’’W, 15 March 2003, Thomas et al. s.n. ( CEPEC) ; Espírito Santo: Cachoeiro do Itapemirim, Floresta Nacional de Pacotuba, Trilha das Árvores Centenárias , 115 m, 20º44’19’’S, 41º16’39.4’’W, 27 October 2009, Salino & Viveros 14572 ( BHCB) ; Cariacica, Reserva Biológica Duas Bocas , 600 m, 20°17'29" S, 40°31'10" W, 15 February 2008, Labiak et al. 4633 ( RB) ; Minas Gerais: Coronel Pacheco, Fazenda da Argentina , 450 m, 9 May 1944, Heringer 1372 ( RB) ; Distrito Ilhen, Fazenda da Tabunha , 210 m, 31 August 1930, Y. Mexia 5028 ( UC) ; Juiz de Fora, Fazenda Boa Esperança , 29 September 1937, Brade 15909 ( RB) ; Rio de Janeiro: Casimiro de Abreu, Morro de São João , 14 December 1998, Damasceno 664 ( RB) ; Mangaratiba , Reserva Ecológica Rio das Pedras, 19 October 1996, Braga et al. 3606 ( RB) ; Nova Friburgo, Estrada do Rio , 19 November 1922, Kuhlmann 110 ( RB) ; Paraty, Entrada da Rio-Santos para Paraty Mirim em direção ao Patrimônio , 8 May 1991, Sylvestre, et al. 403 ( RB) ; Petrópolis, Estrada Araras , Spannagel 541 ( HB) ; Rio Bonito, Entre a Mesa do Imperador e Alto da Boa Vista , October 1961, Duarte 5754 ( RB) ; Rio de Janeiro, Gávea Pequena , 18 August 1957, Pabst 4299 ( HB) ; Santa Catarina: Porto União, Pinheiral , 20 December 1956, Smith & Reitz 8900 ( US) ; São Paulo: Ubatuba, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar , Núcleo Picinguaba , Trilha do Jatobá , 40 m, 23º20’25.8’’S, 44º50’13.4’’W, 02 May 2001, Salino et al 6654 ( BHCB) .

Habitat and distribution:—Terrestrial, endemic to Atlantic Forest, 40–800 m, from northeastern to southern Brazil ( Fig. 16C ; Tab. 01).

Notes:— Ctenitis deflexa is recognized by its short-creeping stem (Fig. 01C) and by scales ovate or lanceolate with many short and long fimbriae along the whole margin ( Figs. 13F – H ). The scales on rachis are dark brown with pale edges ( Fig. 13F ), and the ones on costa and costule are uniformly light castaneous ( Fig. 13H ). Ctenitis deflexa is quite similar to C. anniesii and C. fenestralis . See notes about C. anniesii for further comparisons.

Kaulfuss (1824) did not indicate a type material for Polypodium deflexum ; he just mentioned its habitat ( Brazil), referring to Mertens personal communication. Christensen (1913a) interpreted “Mertens” as the type collection without mentioning herbarium and assumed that he had not seen such specimen. Thus, no type was designated to date since no extant original material was found (Art. 9.13 of ICN — McNeill et al. 2012). There is a possibility that such material has been destroyed, once some taxa described by Kaulfuss were based on specimens in LZ, which was destroyed during the Second World War. Notwithstanding, we agree with Christensen (1913a) that Kaulfuss description matches with P. vestitum ( Raddi 1819) , the earliest but illegitimate name to this species. Therefore, to typify the name traditionally used, we designate here a neotype (Art. 9.7 and 9.13 of ICN — McNeill et al. 2012) for P. deflexum . The sheet selected is a complete specimen, with the typical short-creeping stem and leaves, from Rio de Janeiro where this species is very common.

For Aspidium basilare and Phegopteris fluminensis, Fée (1869) did not designate holotypes or specified any herbaria for the collections cited. Thus, we designate lectotypes for such names (Rec. 9A, Art. 9.2, 9.11, 9.12 of

A TAXONOMIC MONOGRAPH OF CTENITIS IN SOUTH AMERICA

Phytotaxa 335 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press • 37 ICN— McNeill et al. 2012). The sheets chosen for each name are in P. The lectotype of A. basilare is with the original large label of Fée and his own signature, and the P. fluminensis is the only one in P with this name, which was from Glaziou’s herbarium (later incorporated by P).

On the protologue of Dryopteris deflexa var. aschersonii, Christensen (1913a) cited the collection of Prinz zu Wied (M. A. P. Wied-Neuwied) in B. However, two sheets of this collection are in B (both with Christensen’s identification label), and a fragment removed of one of them is in BM (purchased from Christensen’s herbarium). About the ones in B, one is from “Principis Maximiliani de Wied” herbarium, and the other sheet seems to be sent by himself to B with some description notes. Besides these two sheets seems to be from a single specimen, they are not clearly labeled as such. Thereby, we selected the sheet with Wied-Neuwied notes as the lectotype (Art. 8.3, Rec. 8A.4, 9.2, 9.5, 9.11, 9.12, 40 Note 1 of ICN— McNeill et al. 2012).

Figures

FIGURE 13. Some morphological characters of Ctenitis from South America. A–E: Ctenitis aspidioides (Salino 14908, BHCB). A: abaxial surface of a portion of rachis and two basal segments of a medial pinna. B: sorus with indusium. C: detail of abaxial surface of a medial pinna showing indument. D: petiole scale. E: abaxial costa scale. F–H: C. deflexa (Salino 2383, BHCB). F: abaxial surface of a portion of rachis and two basal segments of a medial pinna. G: rachis scale. H: abaxial costa scale. Scale bars in A = 1 cm; B = 0.5 mm, C–H = 1 mm.

FIGURE 16. Distribution of four taxa of Ctenitis in South America. A: C. bigarellae. B: C. christensenii. C: C. deflexa. D: C. distans var. distans.