Ctenitis paranaensis (C.Chr.) Lellinger (1984: 56)

Viveros, Raquel Stauffer, Rouhan, Germinal & Salino, Alexandre, 2018, A taxonomic monograph of the fern genus Ctenitis (Dryopteridaceae) in South America, Phytotaxa 385 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

21. Ctenitis paranaensis (C.Chr.) Lellinger (1984: 56) . Figs. 10H , 25B . Dryopteris falciculata (Raddi) Kuntze var. paranaensis Christensen (1913a: 92) . Type:— BRAZIL. Paraná: Vila Nova, Rio Negro, Annies s.n. (Herb. Rosentock 79) (lectotype S 05-11193!, designated by Viveros & Salino 2015, isolectotypes B 20 0055524!, B 20 0055525!, BM 000555871!, CAS 0002327!, K 000880606!, MO 1857152!, P 01380677!, P 01380695!, P 00170045!, P 00642695!, P 00642696!, PR 519759!, PR 820273!, PR 820274!, R!, RB 36164!, S 05-11194!, S 06-478!, S-R-1718!, U 0180275!, UC 1193754!, US 0006701!).

Dryopteris falciculata (Raddi) Kuntze f. glabrata Hieronymus ex Christensen (1913a: 92) . Type: — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 12288 (lectotype B 20 0055523!, designated by Viveros & Salino 2015, isolectotypes K 000954443!, K 000954454!, P 00170037!).

Stems erect or ascending, 1.6–3.0 cm diam., scales 8.6–12.4 × 0.3–0.4 mm, light castaneous, subclathrate, lanceolate, entire or slightly denticulate, with or without some short fimbriae at base and laterally; leaves 52.4–86.5 cm long; petioles 29.6–45 cm × 1.7–3.6 mm, with 4 or 6 vascular bundles at base, brownish, tan or stramineous, scales 4.4–9.3 × 0.3–0.7 mm, light castaneous on petiole base, becoming dark brown to blackish on distal portion, subclathrate or clathrate, tangled on petiole base, becoming patent or ascending towards distal portion, flattish, flaccid, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate with truncate base and attenuate or filiform apex, entire, with or without short fimbriae at base, sparse catenate trichomes abaxially, glandular trichomes absent or sparse; laminae 22.8–41.5 × 13.2–22 cm, width ca. 1/2 of its length or somewhat wider, 1-pinnate-pinnatisect basally, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid medially and apically, lanceolate or ovate, apex confluent; rachises brownish, tan or stramineous, scales like those on distal portion of petioles, sparse catenate trichomes abaxially, rare or absent glandular trichomes; pinnae 11–14 pairs, the basal and medial ones stalked to 6.1 mm long, the apical ones stalked to 1.0 mm long or sessile, basal pinnae basiscopically and acroscopically somewhat equally developed, the medial 7.2–11.5 × 1.9–2.8 cm, lanceolate, incised more than 3/4 of the distance between segment apex and costa, basal segments as long as the next, apex attenuate; adaxial pinnae axes scales absent or sparse (large individuals) on costa, to 0.6 × 0.06 mm, dark brown, filiform, catenate trichomes, dense on costa, sparse on costule and veins, bacilliform trichomes absent; adaxial laminar surface between veins glabrous or with sparse catenate trichomes; abaxial pinnae axes with sparse scales on costa, 1.5–3.4 × 0.1–0.4 mm, dark brown or castaneous, clathrate, mostly flattish, but can be vaulted at base, flaccid, lanceolate with rounded or cordate base and filiform apex, entire or slightly denticulate, with or without some short fimbriae at base, proscales to 0.9 mm long sparse on costa and costule, catenate trichomes sparse on costa, costule and veins, bacilliform trichomes sparse or absent on costule and veins, glandular trichomes absent or sparse on costa, filiform trichomes absent; abaxial laminar surface between veins glabrous or with sparse catenate and bacilliform trichomes; segments (10) 16–31 pairs, 3.0– 6.8 mm wide, patent or subfalcate, entire or repand, apex obtuse, margin with catenate trichomes, the distance from each other is narrower than segments width; veins simple or 1-forked, 7–10 pairs per segment, the basal ones from adjacent segments end at margin well above the sinus; sori medial or supramedial, indusia conspicuous or inconspicuous, entire, with catenate and bacilliform trichomes; spores with inflated and coarse folds.

Selected specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Ilhéus, km 22 da Rodovia Ilhéus – Itabuna, 29 June 1979, Mori s.n. ( CEPEC); Jussari, RPPN Jussari, 12 December 2005, Mynssen et al. 919 (NY, RB); Salvador, Parque de Pituaçú , 1 September 1997, Guedes 5202 ( CEPEC, MBM); Espírito Santo: Cachoeiro de Itapemirim , Burarama, Pedra da Ema , 8 August 2013, Monteiro et al. 864 ( RB); Jatiboca, 27 May 1946, Brade et al. 847 ( RB); Linhares, Reserva da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce , 22 m, 19°08'38" S, 39°55'14" W, 10 April 2006, Paciencia et al. 2444 ( RB); Minas Gerais: Carangola, Fazenda Boa Vista, 30 May 1989, Salino 818 ( BHCB, UEC); Lagoa Santa, Damazio 425 ( OUPR); Muriaé, área da Usina Hidrelétrica Cachoeira Encoberta, Salino & Morais 4607 ( BHCB); Parque Estadual do Rio Doce , 13 September 1997, Salino & Melo 3410 ( BHCB); Paraíba, 1887, Goeldi s.n. (P); Paraná: Cerro Azul, Serra Paranapiacaba, 20 December 1970, Hatschbach & Guimarães 25583 (NY, UC, US); Jaguariaíva, 12 May 1914, Dusén 14995 ( MO); Londrina Parque Estadual Mata do Godoy , 15 December 1992, Salino 1603 ( UEC); Manoel Ribas, 12 December 1973, Hatschbach 33493 ( MBM, UC, US); Marechal Mallet, 1 January 1904, Dusén 3068 (R); Paranaguá, Ilha do Mel , Morro Bento Alves, 11 October 1992, Salino 1992 ( BHCB); Santo Antônio da Platina , Fazenda Marimbondo, 20 September 1989, Kramer & Dubs 10586 (F) ;

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VIVEROS ET AL.

Toledo , 15 November 1963, Pereira & Hatschbach 7911 ( RB) ; Rio de Janeiro : Guapimirim , Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, 900 m, 22°27'58" S, 42°59'41" W, 7 November 2010, Engelmann et al. RE1408 ( RB) ; Mangaratiba , Reserva Ecológica Rio das Pedras, 19 October 1996, Bovini et al. 1088 ( BHCB) ; Niterói , Praia do Adam, 4 June 1939, Brade 16116 ( RB) ; Paraty , APA Cairuçu, 9 May 1991, Sylvestre et al. 476 ( RB) ; Rio de Janeiro , Morro Mundo Novo, 18 February 1994, Braga 1063 ( RB) ; Rio Grande do Sul : Pelotas, 29 May 1959, Brauner & Sehnem 105 (F). Santa Catarina: Blumenau, Campus V - FURB, 79 m, 26°51'19" S, 49°02'58" W, 11 August 2009, Gasper et al. 2236 ( BHCB) ; Campo Alegre , Fragosos, 7 September 1951, Hatschbach 2484 ( RB) ; Florianópolis , Itacorubí, 26 February 1943, Reitz 265 (RB, US); Meleiro-Araranguá, 13 October 1943, Reitz 11 ( RB) ; Orleans , 646 m, 28º15’37.00”S, 49º29’58.00” W, 22 May 2009, Gasper & Verdi 2123 ( BHCB) ; São Paulo : Iporanga , Parque Estadual Intervales, Base do Carmo, 530 m, 24°18'24" S, 48°24'45" W, 18 May 2003, Salino et al. 8483 ( BHCB) ; Itanhaém , Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, 100–120 m, 24°09'59" S, 46°49'43" W, 17 April 2001, Salino 6603 ( BHCB) ; Ribeirão Grande , Bairro Boa Vista, 31 May 1997, Silva & Kersten s.n. ( BHCB) ; Santos , 20 September 1915, Rose & Russell 21122 ( NY) ; São Paulo , Cidade Universitária, Mata da Reserva de CUASO, 22 April 1976, Mendonças et al. s.n. ( BHCB) ; Ubatuba , Parque Estadual da Ilha de Anchieta, 7 February 1996, Salino 2564 ( BHCB) .

Habitat and distribution: —Terrestrial. Endemic to Atlantic Forest, 5–1600 m. Northeastern to southern Brazil ( Viveros & Salino 2015; Fig. 25B ; Tab. 01).

Notes:— Ctenitis paranaensis can be recognized by rachis and costa abaxially with scales dark brown to blackish, entire or slightly denticulate, sparse catenate trichomes on abaxial costa and laminar surface between veins, and on the indusium, which is usually inconspicuous. The most similar species to C. paranaensis are C. falciculata , C. distans and C. submarginalis . See C. falciculata and C. distans notes for differences. Some morphological characters of C. paranaensis are illustrated in Viveros & Salino (2015). The scales of specimens from southern Bahia are more delicate and narrower, resembling C. submarginalis var. tenuifolia , except by the color (dark brown to blackish in C. paranaensis vs. light castaneous in C. submarginalis var. tenuifolia ). Moreover, the petiole base of typical C. paranaensis has four vascular bundles, but the specimens from southern Bahia have six. Besides of that, the other characters fit well with other specimens under C. paranaensis .

Figures

FIGURE 10. Spores of Ctenitis from South America. A: C. glandulosa (Salino 13626, BHCB, from Viveros & Salino 2015). B: C. grisebachii (Underwood 445, NY). C: C. laetevirens (Schimitt 561, BHCB). D: C. megalastriformis (Tuomisto 13393, UC). E: C. microchlaena (Mickel 2626, NY). F: C. nervata (Almeida 1682, BHCB). G: C. nigrovenia (Salino 15212, BHCB). H: C. paranaensis (Kozera 356, BHCB, from Viveros & Salino 2015). I: C. refulgens var. refulgens (Salino 15242, BHCB). J: C. refulgens var. peruviana (Schunke 5941, NY). K: C. submarginalis var. submarginalis (Verdi 1843, BHCB). L: C. submarginalis var. tenuifolia (Pietrobom 5015, BHCB). Scales bars = 10 µm.

FIGURE 25. Distribution of four taxa of Ctenitis in South America. A: C. nigrovenia. B: C. paranaensis. C: C. refulgens var. refulgens. D: C. refulgens var. peruviana.