Libythea geoffroyi philippina Staudinger 1889

Kawahara, Akito Y., 2013, <strong> Systematic revision and review of the extant and fossil snout butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Libytheinae) </ strong>, Zootaxa 3631 (1), pp. 1-74 : 21-22

Libythea geoffroyi philippina Staudinger 1889

( Figs. 93–96 )

Libythea antipoda: Felder & Felder 1865: 313 [in part, distribution].

Libythea geoffroyi var. philippina Staudinger 1889: 87 .

Libythea geoffroyi var. celebensis Staudinger 1889: 89 [new synonymy].

Libythea geoffroyi philippina: Fruhstorfer 1898: 170 .

Libythea philippina: Moore 1901: 61 .

Libythea celebensis: Moore 1901: 62 .

Libythea (Libythea) geoffroy [sic] var. philippina: Pagenstecher 1901: 10 .

Libythea (Libythea) geoffroy [sic] var. celebensis: Pagenstecher 1901: 10 .

Libythea (Libythea) geoffroyi var. philippina: Pagenstecher 1902: 2 .

Libythea (Libythea) geoffroyi var. celebensis: Pagenstecher 1902: 2 .

Libythea geoffroy [sic] philippensis [sic] Fruhstorfer 1909a: 53 [lapsus calami, unjustified emendation].

Libythea geoffroy [sic] celebensis: Fruhstorfer 1914: 771 .

Libythea geoffroy [sic] philippina: Fruhstorfer 1914: 771 , pl. 139g.

Libythea geoffroy [sic] bardas Fruhstorfer 1914: 771 [new synonymy].

Libythea (Libythea) geoffroy [sic] celebensis: Nakahara & Kurosawa 1958: 141 .

Libythea (Libythea) geoffroy [sic] phillippina [sic]: Nakahara & Kurosawa 1958: 141.

Libythea geoffroy [sic] phillipina [sic]: Shimonoya & Yu 1971: 57, 58 ( Figs. 7, 8 ).

Libythea (Libythea) geoffroy [sic] philippina: Hidaka et al. 1984: 212 .

Libythea geoffroy [sic] alompra: Pinratana 1988 : pl. 42, Fig. 4 [lapsus calami, misidentification].

Diagnosis. Libythea geoffroyi philippina is most similar to L. g. geoffroyi , but differs from the latter in that male has a wider dark forewing margin, and that the female has a larger blue patch at the base of the forewing. The forewing dorsum of male also has stronger white spots in the discal cell, cells Rs 4, M 1 and M 2; and both sexes have a more scalloped hindwing margin.

Type Specimens Examined. Libythea antipoda Boisduval 1859 , HOLOTYPE: ♂, New Caledonia, Oberthür. Libythea geoffroyi deminuta Fruhstorfer 1909 , HOLOTYPE: ♂, Indonesia: Dammar [Damar], H. Fruhstorfer. Libythea geoffroyi eugenia Fruhstorfer 1909 , HOLOTYPE: ♀, New Guinea, H. Fruhstorfer ; PARATYPE: ♂, New Guinea, H. Fruhstorfer. Libythea geoffroyi hauxwelli Moore , HOLOTYPE: ♂, Myanmar, Libythea geoffroyi maenia Fruhstorfer 1909 , HOLOTYPE: ♂, Indonesia: Waiguiu [Waigeo], H. Fruhstorfer. Libythea orientalis Godman & Salvin 1888 , HOLOTYPE: ♂, Solomon Islands: Guadacanar I. [Guadalcanal Island], Aola, Woodford ; PARATYPE: ♀, same data as holotype .

Other Specimens Examined. (84♂, 34♀): INDONESIA: Borneo , 4♂, 3♀ ( BMNH) . Sulawesi (Celebes Islands): Bantimurung, 40 km of Makassar : 1♂, 3-VIII-1966, L. and P. Swan ( CAS) . Palu : 7♂ ( BMNH) ; 1♂, Fruhstorfer ( BMNH) . South Sulawesi, Macassar , 1♂ ( BMNH) . Tondano : 1♂, V-1960 ( CMNH) : 1♂, 20-VI-1940 ( MGCL) ; 1♂ 2500 ft [984 m] 2-VII-1940, R. and C. Wind ( MGCL) . 1♂ [No Data] ( MGCL) . PHILIPPINES: Luzon: Bataan, Dinalupihan : 1♂, IV-1911 ( USNM) ; 1♂, [May] ( USNM) . Gapan : 1♂, V-1960 ( MGCL) . Gapan Lake, Rotog : 1♂, 15-III-1960 ( MGCL) . Laguna, Mount Mukling : 1♂, 10-IV-1932, F. A. Sherman ( AMNH) . Marinduque: 1♀, VI-1978 ( TFC) ; Boac : 1♂, VII-1979 ( AMNH) . Masbate: Ticao , 2♂, V-1902 ( BMNH) . Mindoro : 3♂ ( BMNH) ; 1♂, 1♀, Platen ( BMNH) ; 1♂, XI-1894, Evereit ( BMNH) . Mindanao: Agusan , 1♂, 26-V-1962 ( BMNH) . Davao: 3♂, 1♀, Platen ( BMNH) ; 1♂, B. Neumögen ( USNM) ; 1♂, J. Doll ( AMNH) . Monuangon : 37♂, 20♀, VI-VII-1915 ( USNM) . Tandag, Surigao : 1♀, VI-1981 ( TFC) . West Mindanao : 1♀, B. Neumögen ( USNM) . Palawan: 1♂ ( BMNH) ; 1♂, B. Neumögen ( USNM) ; 5♂, 3♀, Doherty ( BMNH) ; 1♂, 2♀, 1898, Doherty ( BMNH) . Brooke’s Point : 1♀, 22-V-1974, T. W. Davies ( CAS) . Macaqua : 1♂, 10-15-II-1974, R. Rodrigues ( CAS) ; 1♂, 10- III-1975, R. Rodrigues ( CAS) .

Distribution. Indonesia: Sulawesi. Philippines: Bohol, Camiguin, Cebu, Luzon, Marinduque, Mindanao, Mindoro, Palawan, and Panaon.

Remarks. Felder & Felder (1865) described a male that they claimed was Libythea antipoda Boisduval from Luzon, Philippines. Semper (1889) also used antipoda to describe a blue snout butterfly from the Philippines. Staudinger (1889) compared Boisduval’s (1859) specimens of antipoda from New Caledonia and described philippina based on subtle differences on the dorsal wing surface. Fruhstorfer (1914) named bardas based on Semper’s observation that male specimens from the Philippines have a ‘narrower black distal border of the hindwing as well as … a lighter violet lustre of the forewing’ ( Fruhstorfer 1914: 771). Fruhstorfer did not examine the female, and did not know that the black distal border of the hindwing and the violet luster is highly variable among localized populations in the Philippines.

The white marks in cells Rs 4, M 1 and M 2 were believed to be diagnostic for celebensis Staudinger. After examining over 80 specimens from Indonesia and the Philippines, it is clear that these marks are also highly variable, and cannot be used to readily distinguish taxa. For these reasons, bardas and celebensis are here synonymized with philippina .

Figures

FIGURES 85−100. Right dorsal and ventral wing surfaces of Libythea. The second image of each specimen shows the ventral surface of the wings. 85−86. Libythea geoffroyi genia Waterhouse: ♂, Australia, 14 km SE of Kalumburu (ANIC); 87, 88. Libythea geoffroyi genia Waterhouse: ♀, Australia, 14 km SE of Kalumburu (ANIC); 89, 90. Libythea geoffroyi geoffroyi Godart: ♂, Indonesia, Timor, Suai, Portug (BMNH); 90, 91. Libythea geoffroyi geoffroyi Godart: ♀, Indonesia, Timor, Suai, Portug (BMNH); 92, 93. Libythea geoffroyi philippina Staudinger: ♂, Philippines, Palawan (BMNH); 94, 95. Libythea geoffroyi philippina Staudinger: ♀, Philippines, Palawan (BMNH); 96, 97. Libythea geoffroyi pulchra Butler: ♂, Papua New Guinea, New Ireland (BMNH); 98, 100. Libythea geoffroyi pulcrha Butler: ♀, Papua New Guinea, New Ireland (BMNH).

FIGURES 2−13. Lateral view of the male eighth abdominal tergum of Libythea and Libytheana with scales and hairs removed. 2. Libythea celtis; 3. Libythea collenettei; 4. Libythea geoffroyi; 5. Libythea labdaca; 6. Libythea laius; 7. Libythea lepita; 8. Libythea myrrha; 9. Libythea narina; 10. Libytheana carinenta; 11. Libytheana fulvescens; 12. Libytheana motya; 13. Libytheana terena.