Libythea celtis ( Laicharting [1782] )
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3631.1.1 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A355AA9D-3644-4F29-84AA-5D398D2EE6D0 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7-FFE0-4342-76E7-F9E2FF18D257 |
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
scientific name |
Libythea celtis ( Laicharting [1782] ) |
status |
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Libythea celtis ( Laicharting [1782]) View in CoL
( Figs. 2 View FIGURES 2−13 , 14, 26, 39, 53, 69–72)
Papilio celtis Laicharting [1782] : 1, pl. 8, Figs. 1–3 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURES 2−13 .
Papilio cercis Fuessly [1782] .
Libythea celtis Fabricius 1807: 284 View in CoL .
Hecaërge celtis Ochsenheimer 1816: 32 .
Hypatus feverus Hübner 1822: 3 .
Libythaeus [sic] celtis Boitard 1828: 299 [unjustified emendation].
Nymphalis phalerati celtis Esper 1829: 168 , pl. 87, Figs. 2, 3 View FIGURES 2−13 .
Libythea celtis View in CoL ab. obscura Millière 1879: 15 [nomen nudum].
Libythea (Libythea) celtis View in CoL f. obscura: Millière 1879: 15, 16, pl. 6, Fig. 10 View FIGURES 2−13 [new synonymy].
Libythea celtis View in CoL ab. ochracea Fruhstorfer 1898: 170 [nomen nudum].
Libythea (Libythea) celtis: Pagenstecher 1901: 2 View in CoL .
Libythea (Libythea) celtis View in CoL ab. ochracea: Pagenstecher 1911: 5 [nomen nudum].
Libythea celtis View in CoL ab. conjuncta: Schawerda 1924 [nomen nudum].
Libythea celtis View in CoL ab. denudata Dannehl 1925: 64 [nomen nudum].
Libythea celtis View in CoL ab. separata Dannehl 1925: 64 [nomen nudum].
Libythea celtis livida Saggara 1926: 135 View in CoL [new synonymy].
Libythea celtis View in CoL ab. pallida Dannehl 1927: 6 View in CoL [nomen nudum].
Libythea celtis View in CoL ab. pygmaea Dannehl 1927: 6 [nomen nudum].
Libythea celtis celtis: Gaede 1932: 237 View in CoL .
Libythea (Libythea) celtis pygmaea: Verity 1950: 5 View in CoL .
Libythea (Libythea) celtis denudata: Verity 1950: 5 View in CoL [new synonymy].
Libythea (Libythea) celtis separata: Verity 1950: 5 View in CoL [new synonymy].
Libythea (Libythea) celtis View in CoL f. subochracea Verity 1950: 5 [new synonymy].
Libythea (Libythea) celtis View in CoL f. violacea Verity 1950: 5, pl. 38, Figs. 3, 5 View FIGURES 2−13 [new synonymy].
Libythea (Libythea) celtis View in CoL f. albonervulata Verity 1950: 5, pl. 38, Fig. 5 View FIGURES 2−13 [new synonymy].
Libythea (Libythea) celtis View in CoL f. obscurenervulata Verity 1950: 5, pl. 38, Fig. 6 View FIGURES 2−13 [new synonymy].
Libythea (Libythea) celtis View in CoL f. pygmaea: Verity 1950: 5, pl. 38, Fig. 7 View FIGURES 2−13 [new synonymy].
Libythea (Libythea) celtis View in CoL f. rubescens Verity 1950: 6 [new synonymy].
Libythea (Libythea) celtis View in CoL f. pallida: Verity 1950: 6 View in CoL [new synonymy].
Libythea (Libythea) celtis View in CoL f. latefulva Verity 1950: 6, pl. 38, Fig. 4 View FIGURES 2−13 [new synonymy].
Libythea celthis [sic] Kostrowicki 1969: 352.
Libythea celtis View in CoL f. conjuncta: Gómez-Bustillo and Fernández-Rubio 1974: 166.
Libythea celtis View in CoL f. denudata: Gómez-Bustillo and Fernández-Rubio 1974: 166.
Libythea celtis View in CoL f. separata: Gómez-Bustillo and Fernández-Rubio 1974: 166.
Libythia [sic] celtis Roberts 2001: 121 .
Libythea celtis platooni Korb 2005: 18 [new synonymy].
Diagnosis. Libythea celtis is sister species with L. lepita by sharing a gradually incrassate antenna, but the former can be distinguished from the latter by having: 1) a hindwing anterior margin that is distinctly lobed near the fusion of the costa and Sc + R 1, and 2) the proximal margin of the forewing dorsal orange mark between M 3 and CuA 2 is straight in L. celtis , but projects proximally along CuA 1, forming a curved or angled margin in L. lepita (Kawahara 2009) .
Type. Neotype (present designation): AUSTRIA: ‘[red label] : Neotype / [printed white label]: ♂, det. A. Y. Kawahara / [original hand written white label]: 1895, Z7, Jün-Tirol’ ( BMNH). This specimen is designated as the type to clarify the taxonomic status of this species. A specimen from the type locality that resembles the holotype of Laicharting ([1782] Figs. 1–3 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURES 2−13 ) was chosen. The depository of the original name-bearing type is unknown .
Other Specimens Examined. (158♂, 99♀): AFGHANISTAN: Arwas, Transcasp , 1♀, VI ( BMNH) . AUSTRIA: 1♂, B. Neumögen ( USNM) . Steiermark, Ritzenberg : 2♀ ( AMNH) . Tirol: 1♂ ( AMNH) ; 1♀, 1890, Frey ( BMNH) ; 8♂, 1♀, 1901 ( BMNH) ; 2♀, Bates ( BMNH) ; 1♀, J. Doll ( BMNH) ; South Tirol: 2♂ ( CUIC) ; 2♂, VI-1895 ( AMNH) ; 1♂, 17-VII-1909, M. Ibarra ( AMNH) ; 1♂, 1♀, 12-15-VII-1927, M. Ibarra ( AMNH) . Eggenthal , 3♂, VII-1906, Hampson ( BMNH) . Hérault, Montpellier , 1♂, 1890, Frey ( BMNH) . Provence Alpes- Cot, Grimaud , 1♀, 5-IV-1921, A. F. Pinhey ( BMNH) . Pyrénées-Orientalis , Amélie-les-Bains-Palalda, 1♀, 1908, Wism ( BMNH) . Vernet-les-Bains , 1♂, VII-1909, R. Oberthür ( BMNH) . Roque-brune , 6♂, ♀, 24-III-1903 ( BMNH) ; 2♀, VII-1904 ( BMNH) . Sainte Maxime , 4♂, 4♀, 10-15-VI-1921, A. F. Pinhey ( BMNH) ; 1♂, 11-V- 1921, A. F. Pinhey ( BMNH) ; 1♂, 1♀, 7-13-VI-1925, C. Va [n]s ( BMNH) . Var, Hyères , 2♂, 1♀, 30-31-V-1923, A. Simmons ( BMNH) . [Austria], Klausen , 5♂ 2♀, 1904, Fruhstorfer ( BMNH) ; BULGARIA: Bulgaria , Varna: 2♂, 26-VII-1955, B. Weber ( MGCL) . 1♂, 1♀, VI-1962, Vanek ( MGCL) . FRANCE: 1♀, 14-VI-1921, P. Haig- Thomas ( AMNH) . Montpellier : 1♀, VI-1952, K. de Puységur ( CMNH) . Environs de Montpellier : 1♂, ( MGCL) . Sainte Maxime : 1♀, 10-VI-1921, A. F. Pinhey ( BMNH) ; 3♀, VI-1925, P. Haig-Thomas ( AMNH) ; 1♂, 4-VI- 1926, P. Haig-Thomas ( AMNH) . St. Georges : 1♀, VI-1935 ( TFC) . GERMANY: 3♂, 2♀ ( AMNH) ; 2♂, H. Edwards ( AMNH) . GREECE: 1♂, 16-VI-1869 ( BMNH) ; 3♂, 1901 ( BMNH) ; [Macedonia], 1♂, 10-VII-1896 ( BMNH) ; Acarnan , 1♂, 8-VI-1869 ( BMNH) ; 1♀, 8-VI-1862 ( BMNH) ; Olympus , 2500 ft [762 m]; 10♂, 4♀, VII-VIII-1935, Romei ( BMNH) ; Struma Valley, Kopriva , 2♀, 7-VI-1917, D. Blanchard ( BMNH) . HUNGARY: Pilis Szent László : 1♂, 15-IV-1962, Gaskó ( CAS) . IRAN: Shush : 1♂, VI-1899 ( MGCL) ; Karind Gorge , 6000 ft [1829 m], 1♀, 16-IV-1918, H. D. Peile ( BMNH) . IRAQ: Dahuk, Amadia , 3000-9000 ft, [914-2743 m], 1♀, 12- VI-30-VII-1936 ( BMNH) . ITALY: 1♂ ( AMNH) ; 1♂ ( CMNH) . Sardinia: 1♂, 1♀, A. H. Kraus ( AMNH) . Libiveiz : 1♂, 1953, Freyer ( USNM) . Bozen : 1♂, VI-1903 ( MGCL) ; 1♂, 21-VI-1904, F. E. Lowe ( MGCL) ; Tuscany, 2♂, 1914-1915 ( BMNH) ; South Tyrol, Abswang : 1♀, VI-1898, Hayne ( MGCL) . KYRGYZSTAN: Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve, Ail. Arkit , 1300 m: 2♂, 20-VII-2000, V. V. Dubatolov ( AYK) . PAKISTAN: Chitral , 1♀, 1903, Leslie ( BMNH) ; 7000, [2134 m], 1♂, V-1901 ( BMNH) ; Drosh , 6000-10,000, [1829-3048 m], 1♂, 23-VI-1903, A. R. C. Saunders ( BMNH) ; Utzen Nallah , 9000 ft [2743 m], 1♂, 9-VIII-190[?], G. A. Leslie and W. H. Evans ( BMNH) . REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS: Platres , 5000-6000 ft [1524-1829 m], 1♂, IX-1921, K. J. Hayward ( BMNH) . ROMANIA: Herculesbad , 2♀, 21-22-VI-1909, W. G. S. ( BMNH) . RUSSIA: Kirgizia, Kirgizaskii Ridge, Ala-Archa , Ak-Sai , 2300 m: 1♂, 17-21-VII-1979, J. A. Vaněk ( TFC) . Khojakent , 3000 m: 1♀, 7-VII-1919 ( AMNH) . Ugam Valley , 8000 m: 1♂, 8-VII-1919 ( AMNH) . SPAIN: Barcelona, Sallent : 1♂, 2- VII-1989, E. Casas ( USNM) . Barcelona, Montserrat, nr. Car terminus: 1♂, 3000 ft [1181 m], 14-VII-1901, W. Holland ( MGCL) ; 1♀ 3000–4000 ft [1181–1575 m], 15-VII-1901, E.B. Poulton ( MGCL) . Catalonia, Oliana : 1♀, III-1946, M. Ibarra ( AMNH) ; 2♂, III-1949, M. Ibarra ( AMNH) ; 1♂, VI-1949, M. Ibarra ( AMNH) . Catalonia, Sierra de Montseny, El Brull , 2600 ft [793 m]: 1♂, 13-VII-1948 ( CAS) ; 1♂, 13-VII-1958 ( LACM) . Gerona, Olot : 1♂, 23-VII-1988, I. Teixodor ( USNM) . l’Ametlla : 1♂, III-1929, M. Ibarra ( AMNH) ; 2♂, 4♀, IV- 1929, M. Ibarra ( AMNH) ; 2♀, IV-1935, M. Ibarra ( AMNH) . La Garriga : 11♂, 9♀, VI-1934, M. Ibarra ( AMNH) ; 6♂, 15♀, VI-1935, M. Ibarra ( AMNH) ; 1♀, 4-IV-1936, M. Ibarra ( AMNH) ; 5♂, 3♀, VI-1936, M.
Ibarra ( AMNH); 1♂, VI-1937, M. Ibarra ( AMNH) . SWITZERLAND: Ticino, Lugano , 1♀, 11-IV-1898, H. J. Elwes ( BMNH) ; 1♂, 1914-1915, F. D. Godman ( BMNH) . SYRIA: Shar-Deresy , 1♂, 1880, native collector ( BMNH) . TURKESTAN: Ugam Valley , 3000 [ft], [914 m] , 1♂, 8-VII-1919 ( BMNH) . TURKEY: Unknown locality : 1♂, Bates ( BMNH) ; [Canakkale], Erenkeui , 1♀, 22-IV-1911, P. P. Graves ( BMNH) ; Amasia, 1♂, 1♀, Franks ( BMNH) ; 1400 ft [427 m], 1♂, 9-VI-1959, K. M. Guichard ( BMNH) ; Asia Minor (Anatolia), Kedos , 3♂, 1♀, IV-VIII-1918, N. V. L. Rybot ( BMNH) ; Gallipoli (Gelibolu) , 1♂, 1-I-10-VIII-1923, W. M. J. Martin ( BMNH) ; Istanbul, Therapia , 1♀, 18-VI-1920, J. A. Graham ( BMNH) ; Muğla, Baba Dag , 6000 ft [1829 m] , 3♂, 3♀, 29-VII-1947, M. Burr ( BMNH) ; Sandras Dag , [2200 m] , 1♂, 23-VIII-1947, M. Burr ( BMNH) . UZBEKISTAN: Medeo Tien Shan Mountains , 1♂, 28-VIII-1978 ( CMNH) . Uncertain country : 3♂, 3♀ ( AMNH) ; 4♂, 1♀ ( BMNH) ; 9♂, 3♀ ( USNM) ; 4♂, 13-14-VII ( USNM) ; 1♂, 3-V-1908 ( MGCL) ; 1♂, 1914, F. E. Lowe ( MGCL) ; 1♂, 18-VI-1916 ( MGCL) ; 1♂, 30-VI-1975 ( TFC) ; 1♀, ‘ Europe’ ( MGCL) ; ‘ Southeastern Europe :’ 1♂, F. R. Mason ( CMNH) .
Distribution. Southern Europe and northwestern Africa ( Algeria and Tunisia) to southern Russia and western India.
Biology. Primary larval host plants include: Celtis australis L., C. caucasica L., C. formosana Hayata , C. glabrata Steven ex Planch. , and C. tournefortii L. ( Celtidaceae ), For additional host plant records and a detailed discussion on biology, see Kawahara (2006a).
Remarks. The holotype is believed to have been lost, and specimens from the original type series could not be located during this study. For this reason, a neotype is designated. Numerous taxonomic studies included lepita as a subspecies of L. celtis (e.g., Pagenstecher [1901, 1902, 1911]; Shields [1984a]; Okano [1987]). Yoshimoto (1999) discussed the possibility of L. celtis and L. lepita as distinct species. In a book on the butterflies of Pakistan, Roberts (2001) treated the two species as allopatric. Since there are morphological differences between the two, and there are no intermediates found in northern India and Pakistan, the western population (Western India, Pakistan to Europe) is here recognized as L. celtis , and the eastern population (east India to Japan and Taiwan) as L. lepita . Phylogenetically, L. celtis and L. lepita are sister species, being grouped together because both share a gradually incrassate antenna (Kawahara 2009). Two characters distinguish L. celtis from L. lepita : 1) the prominent lobe along the hindwing anterior margin near the fusion of the costa and Sc + R 1, and 2) the straight proximal margin of the forewing dorsal orange mark between M 3 and CuA 2. An orange mark on the dorsal surface of forewing 1A + 2A is always present on L. celtis , but this mark can be absent in L. lepita . For additional discussion on the delimitation of these two species, see the ‘remarks’ section of L. lepita . Additional illustrations of the external morphology of L. celtis can be found in Kawahara et al. (2012).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Genus |
Libythea celtis ( Laicharting [1782] )
Kawahara, Akito Y. 2013 |
Libythea celtis platooni
Korb, S. K. 2005: 18 |
Libythia [sic] celtis
Roberts, T. J. 2001: 121 |
Libythea celtis
Gomez-Bustillo, M. R. & Fernandez-Rubio, F. 1974: 166 |
Libythea celtis
Gomez-Bustillo, M. R. & Fernandez-Rubio, F. 1974: 166 |
Libythea celtis
Gomez-Bustillo, M. R. & Fernandez-Rubio, F. 1974: 166 |
Libythea celthis
Kostrowicki, A. S. 1969: 352 |
Libythea (Libythea) celtis pygmaea:
Verity, R. 1950: 5 |
Libythea (Libythea) celtis denudata:
Verity, R. 1950: 5 |
Libythea (Libythea) celtis separata:
Verity, R. 1950: 5 |
Libythea (Libythea) celtis
Verity, R. 1950: 5 |
Libythea (Libythea) celtis
Verity, R. 1950: 5 |
Libythea (Libythea) celtis
Verity, R. 1950: 5 |
Libythea (Libythea) celtis
Verity, R. 1950: 5 |
Libythea (Libythea) celtis
Verity, R. 1950: 5 |
Libythea (Libythea) celtis
Verity, R. 1950: 6 |
Libythea (Libythea) celtis
Verity, R. 1950: 6 |
Libythea (Libythea) celtis
Verity, R. 1950: 6 |
Libythea celtis celtis:
Gaede, M. 1932: 237 |
Libythea celtis
Dannehl, F. 1927: 6 |
Libythea celtis
Dannehl, F. 1927: 6 |
Libythea celtis livida
Saggara, I. de 1926: 135 |
Libythea celtis
Dannehl, F. 1925: 64 |
Libythea celtis
Dannehl, F. 1925: 64 |
Libythea (Libythea) celtis
Pagenstecher, A. 1911: 5 |
Libythea (Libythea) celtis: Pagenstecher 1901: 2
Pagenstecher, A. 1901: 2 |
Libythea celtis
Fruhstorfer, H. 1898: 170 |
Libythea celtis
Milliere, P. 1879: 15 |
Libythea (Libythea) celtis
Milliere, P. 1879: 15 |
Nymphalis phalerati celtis
Esper, E. J. C. 1829: 168 |
Libythaeus [sic] celtis
Boitard, M. 1828: 299 |
Hypatus feverus Hübner 1822: 3
Hubner, J. 1822: 3 |
Hecaërge celtis
Ochsenheimer, F. 1816: 32 |
Libythea celtis
Fabricius, J. C. 1807: 284 |
Papilio celtis
Laicharting, J. N. E. 1782: 1 |