Libytheana carinenta larvata ( Strecker 1878 )

Kawahara, Akito Y., 2013, <strong> Systematic revision and review of the extant and fossil snout butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Libytheinae) </ strong>, Zootaxa 3631 (1), pp. 1-74 : 51-52

Libytheana carinenta larvata ( Strecker 1878)

( Figs. 153, 154 )

Libythea larvata Strecker [1878] : 130, 131. Holland 1931: 210 [= Libythea carinenta ].

Libythea (Hypatus) carinenta bachmanni ab. larvata Fruhstorfer 1898: 170 [nomen nudum].

Libythea (Hypatus) carinenta var. larvata: Pagenstecher 1902: 3 .

Libythea carinenta larvata: Smith 1903: 6 .

Libythea carinenta var. larvata: Mengel 1905: 16 . Holland 1931: 210 [= L. carinenta ].

Libythea carinenta f. larvata: Barnes & McDunnough 1916: 102 .

Libythea carinenta ab. larvata: Barnes & McDunnough 1916 : pl. 8, Fig. 8 [nomen nudum].

Hypatus larvata: Hering 1921: 284 .

Libythea bachmanii larvata: Comstock 1927: 148 , pl. 47, Fig. 3 .

Libythea bachmanii f. larvata: McDunnough 1938: 23 .

Libytheana bachmanii larvata: Harris 1950: 12 .

Libytheana bachmannii [sic] larvata Klots 1951: 121 .

Libytheana bachmanni [sic] larvata Brown 1955: 116 .

Libytheana bachmanni f. larvata: Puységur 1967: 25 .

Libytheana carinenta larvata Scott 1986: 344 .

Diagnosis. Libytheana carinenta larvata is most similar to L. c. bachmanii in that both share a large orange mark on the forewing dorsum between CuA 1 and 1A + 2A, which is separated from the orange mark in discal cell by a brown band less than or equal to 2 mm. Libytheana c. larvata differs from L. c. bachmanii in that the forewing dorsum has orange subapical marks, which are white in L. c. larvata .

Type Specimens Examined. Libythea larvata Strecker [1878] , SYNTYPES: 2♂: Rectangular white label with two red lines along the border: ‘ San Antonio Texas, J. Boll’ on both specimens; square white label, ‘5’ on one specimen, and ‘39’ on the other ( FMNH). Libythea bachmanii bachmanii f. kirtlandi Field 1938, HOLOTYPE: ♂, USA: Kansas, Lawrence : 1-VIII-1935, R. H. Price ( USNM) . PARATYPES (3♂, 2♀): 1♀, USA: Kansas: Lawrence , 27-VIII-1935, R. H. Price ; 2♂, 1♀, Kansas: Eureka, Summer-1934, Fritz, Forbes ( USNM) ; 1♂, Kansas: Leavenworth County, H. Thomas ( USNM) .

Other Specimens Examined. (16♂, 2♀): MEXICO: Coahuila: 3 mi [4.83 km] west of Cuantrocienegas , 1♀, 29-VI-1957, R. Zweifel ( AMNH) . Durango: Hacienda, La Punta: 1♂, IV-1933, C. C. Hoffmann ( AMNH) ; Rio Nazas Valley , near El Rodeo: 1♂, 16-18-VIII-1968, P. Hubbell ( AMNH) . Tamaulipas: Abasolo : 1♂, 17-V-1952, M. Cazier and W. Gertsch ( AMNH) . Victoria , 4♂, 1-VIII-1937, A. H. Mocek ( BMNH) ; 4♂, 1♀, 1-VI-1937, A. H. Mocek ( BMNH) . UNITED STATES: Arizona: Cochise Co: Tombstone : 1♂, 16-VII-1948, C. and P. Vaurie ( AMNH) . Graham Co: Mount Graham : 1♂, 1882, Morrison ( CMNH) . New Mexico: 1♂, 16-VII ( AMNH) . South Carolina: Charleston : 1♂ ( AMNH) . Texas: Webb Co : 27 mi [43.45 km] south of Catarina , 850 ft [259.1 m]: 1♂, 5- VII ( CMNH) .

Distribution. Most specimens examined are from northern Mexico and southwestern United States. There is one record from South Carolina, which appears to be a mislabeled specimen.

Remarks. In the past, the population from the southwestern United States was frequently called larvata Strecker (e.g., Klots 1951, Howe 1975, Scott 1986, Bailowitz & Brock 1991). As noted by Austin & Emmel (1998), larvata refers to the subspecies with yellow-orange subapical marks, which can be distinguished from bachmanii Kirtland and streckeri Austin & Emmel which both have white subapical marks. The marks are less orange than those of Libytheana fulvescens . Specimens of larvata are rare in collections, as I have only been able to study eighteen specimens. Although larvata is here recognized as a subspecies, additional material should be studied and compared to streckeri, as there may be specimens with intermediate subapical color. The possibility that larvata is a temperature-induced phenotype of streckeri should not be excluded, as temperature changes during development can affect wing color in Lepidoptera (e.g., Merrifield 1890, 1893, Shapiro 1974, Nijout 1984). Libytheana carinenta larvata is often cited as being described in 1877, as is printed on the cover of Strecker’s Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera-Heteroceres. However , the publication year of page 130 is 1878 ( Brown 1964).

Figures

FIGURES 149−164. Right dorsal and ventral wing surfaces of Libytheana. The second image of each specimen shows the ventral surface of the wings. 149, 150. Libytheana carinenta carinenta (Cramer): ♂, Mexico, San Juan (CMNH); 151, 152. Libytheana carinenta bachmanii (Kirtland): ♂, USA, North Carolina, 20 mi north of Raleigh (AYK); 153, 154. Libytheana carinenta larvata (Strecker): Paratype ♂, USA, Texas, San Antonio (FSNM); 155, 156. Libytheana carinenta streckeri Austin and Emmel: Paratype ♂, USA, Texas, Hidalgo Co, Donna (USNM); 157, 158. Libytheana motya Hübner [1823]: ♂, Cuba (CUIC); 159, 160. Libytheana motya (Hübner [1823]): ♀, Cuba, Santiago (AMNH); 161, 162. Libytheana terena (Godart): ♂, Dominican Republic, Pedernales, La Abeja, 38 km NNW of Cabo Rojo (CMNH); 163, 164. Libytheana terena (Godart): ♀, Hispañola (CUIC).

FIGURES 2−13. Lateral view of the male eighth abdominal tergum of Libythea and Libytheana with scales and hairs removed. 2. Libythea celtis; 3. Libythea collenettei; 4. Libythea geoffroyi; 5. Libythea labdaca; 6. Libythea laius; 7. Libythea lepita; 8. Libythea myrrha; 9. Libythea narina; 10. Libytheana carinenta; 11. Libytheana fulvescens; 12. Libytheana motya; 13. Libytheana terena.