Libytheana carinenta bachmanii Kirtland 1851

Kawahara, Akito Y., 2013, <strong> Systematic revision and review of the extant and fossil snout butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Libytheinae) </ strong>, Zootaxa 3631 (1), pp. 1-74 : 49-51

Libytheana carinenta bachmanii Kirtland 1851 , revised status

( Figs. 35 , 65 , 151, 152 )

Libythea motya Boisduval & Le Conte [1835] , imprint 1829–[1837]: pl. 64. Figs. 3, 4 [in part, immature stages only].

Libythea bachmanii Kirtland 1851: 189 .

Libythea bachmani [sic] Morris 1860: 63.

Libythea motya var. bachmani [sic] Kirby 1871: 283 [lapsus calami, misidentification].

Libythea bachmannii [sic] Edwards 1872: 24.

Hypatus bachmanii Scudder 1875: 269 .

Libythea bachmanni [sic] Edwards 1877: 37.

Libythea motya var. bachmanii Gerhard 1878: 13 [misidentification].

Hypatus (Libythea) bachmani [sic]: Barber 1895: 190 [lapsus calami, follows Morris 1860].

Hypatus bachmani [sic] Barber 1895: 191 [lapsus calami, follows Morris 1860].

Libythea (Hypatus) carinenta bachmanni [sic] Fruhstorfer 1898: 170 [lapsus calami, follows Edwards 1877].

Libythea bachmani [sic] var. motya Skinner 1898: 42 [lapsus calami, misidentification].

Libythea (Hypatus) carinenta var. bachmani [sic] Pagenstecher 1901: 15 [lapsus calami, follows Morris 1860].

Hypatus carinenta bachmani [sic]: Dyar 1902: 34 [lapsus calami, follows Morris1860].

Libythea (Hypatus) carinenta var. bachmanni [sic]: Pagenstecher 1902: 3 [lapsus calami, follows Edwards 1877].

Libythea carinenta bachmani [sic]: Smith 1903: 6 [lapsus calami, follows Morris 1860].

Hypatus bachmanni [sic] Headlee 1907: 296, pl. 63 [lapsus calami, follows Edwards 1877].

Hypatus carinenta bachmanni [sic]: Hering 1921: 252 [lapsus calami, follows Edwards 1877].

Libythea bachmanii bachmanii: Field 1938a: 131–133 .

Libythea bachmanii bachmanii f. kirtlandi Field 1938a: 131 [nomen nudum].

Libytheana bachmanii Michener 1943: 1 , 2.

Libytheana bachmannii [sic] Klots 1951: 48, 121, 144, pl. 5, Fig. 6 , pl. 17, Fig. 9 [lapsus calami, follows Edwards 1872]. Libytheana bachmannii [sic] bachmannii [sic]: Klots 1951: 121 [lapsus calami, follows Edwards 1872].

Libytheana bachmanni [sic] Brown 1955: 116 [lapsus calami, follows Edwards 1877].

Libytheana bachmanni [sic] bachmanni [sic]: Brown 1955: 116 [lapsus calami, follows Edwards 1877].

Libythea (Hypatus) carineata [sic] bachmani [sic] Nakahara & Kurosawa 1958: 141 [lapsus calami, follows Morris 1860]. Libythea (Libytheana) bachmannii [sic] Forbes 1960: 140 [lapsus calami, follows Edwards 1872].

Libytheana bachmanii bachmanii: Dos Passos 1964: 70 .

Libytheana bachmanii bachmannii [sic] Harris 1972: 237 [lapsus calami, follows Edwards 1872].

Libytheana bachmanii bachmanii f. kirtlandi Miller & Brown 1981: 132 [nomen nudum].

Lybytheana [sic] bachmanii Shields 1985a: 20 .

Libytheana carinenta bachmanii: Scott 1986: 127–129 , 344–346, pl. 19, Fig. 274b.

Libytheana carinenta bachmanii f. kirtlandi: Scott 1986: pl. 19, Fig. 274c [nomen nudum].

Libytheana carinenta f. kirtlandi: Scott 1986: 345 [nomen nudum].

Libytheana backmanii [sic] Landry 1987: 57.

Libytheana bachmani [sic] Motono 1993: 17 [lapsus calami, follows Morris 1860].

Libytheana carinenta bachmanii: Kawahara 2006b: 268 [nomen nudum].

Diagnosis. Libytheana carinenta bachmanii is most similar to L. c. larvata in that both share a large orange mark on the forewing dorsum between CuA 1 and 1A + 2A, which is separated from the orange mark in discal cell by a brown band less than or equal to 2 mm. Libytheana c. bachmanii differs from L. c. larvata in that the forewing dorsum has white subapical marks, which are orange in L. c. larvata .

Type Specimens Examined. Libythea bachmanii bachmanii f. kirtlandi Field 1938, HOLOTYPE: ♂, USA: Kansas, Lawrence : 1-VIII-1935, R. H. Price ( USNM) . PARATYPES (3♂, 2♀): 1♀, USA: Kansas: Lawrence , 27- VIII-1935, R. H. Price ; 2♂, 1♀, Kansas: Eureka , Summer-1934, Fritz, Forbes ( USNM) ; 1♂, Kansas: Leavenworth County, H. Thomas ( USNM) . Since the holotype of L. carinenta bachmanii (Kirtland) could not be obtained, the image of the holotype specimen illustrated in Kirtland (1951) was studied.

Other Specimens Examined. (162♂, 115♀): UNITED STATES: Alabama: Calhoun Co: Anniston : 1♀, 13- IX-1937 ( USNM) . Baldwin Co: Dixie Landing : 2♂, 2♀, V-1991, Davidson, Acciavatti, W. Zanol ( CMNH) . Sumter Co: Livingston : 1♂, 12-VII-1965 ( CUIC) . Mobile Co: Mount Vernon : 1♀, 10-VII-1920 ( USNM) . Jackson Co: Little Stone Creek : 1♂, 14-IV-1963, D. Bayer ( CUIC) . Arkansas: Clay Co: Saint Francis : 1♂, 24-VI-1971, E. V. Steffenson ( CMNH) . Ouachita Co: Ouachita Nat. Forest : 3♂, 26-X-1998, R. F. Rockwell ( CMNH) . Washington Co: 5 mi [8.05 km] west of Elkins : 1♂, 5-VII-1971 W. H. Howe ( USNM) . California: Riverside Co: Palm Springs : 1♂, 29-V-1922, J. D. Gunder ( AMNH) . District of Columbia [Washington D.C.]: 1♂, 1♀, 12-VIII ( USNM) . Near Sandy Hook : 2♂, 22-VIII-1975 ( USNM) ; 1♀ ( USNM) . Florida: Alachua Co: Gainesville : 1♂, 4-V-1940 ( USNM) ; 1♂, 20-III-1969, H. Clench ( CMNH) ; 1♂, 17-IV-1983, S. W. Gross ( USNM) ; 3♂, 5-15-IV-1988, S. W. Gross ( USNM) . Leon Co: 12 mi [19.3 km] north of Tallahassee : 1♀, 17-II-1978 ( USNM) . Liberty Co: Torreya State Park: 2♀, 22-IV-1969, L. L. Pecuman ( CUIC) . Polk Co: Fort Meade : 1♀, Dorner ( USNM) . Volusia Co: Daytona [Beach]: 1♀, 26-V-1958, G. W. Rawson ( USNM) . New Smyrna Beach : 1♂, 5-IX-1972, G. W. Rawson ( USNM) . Georgia: Bibb Co: Macon : 1♂, 4-VI-1953, C. and J. Morrow ( CMNH) . Chatham Co: Savannah : 1♂, 20-24-V- 1955, E. P. Mellon ( CMNH) ; 2♂, 1♀, 1-10-VIII-1958 ( USNM) . Clarke Co : 1♂, 2♀, 4-8-VIII-1928, Richards ( CUIC) . Athens : 3♀, 4-26-VIII-1926, A. G. R. Jr. ( CUIC) . Decatur Co: Bainbridge , 1♀, 15-VII ( CUIC) . Fulton Co: Atlanta : 1♂ ( CMNH) ; 1♂, 12-VII-1950, P. W. Fattig ( CUIC) . Madison Co: Comer : 2♂ ( CMNH) . Muscogee Co : 1♂, 4-VIII-1955, J. A. Ebner ( CMNH) . Richmond Co: Augusta : 1♂, 22-VII-1974 ( CVC) . Illinois: Cook Co: Chicago : 1♂, VI-1912 ( CMNH) . Macon Co: Harristown : 1♀, 13-VII-1935 ( USNM) . Indiana: southern Indiana: 1♂ ( CMNH) . Miami Co: Peru : 1♂, 24-VII-1966 ( CVC) . Warrick Co: Newburgh : 1♂, 2-VIII-1959, J. M. Miller ( CMNH) . Iowa: Fremont : Waubonsie State Park: 2♂, 25-VII-1963, E. H. Spencer ( USNM) ; 1♀, 25-VII-1963, O. D. Spencer ( USNM) . Kentucky: 1♂ ( USNM) . Anderson Co: Lawrenceburg : 1♀, VI-1900 ( USNM) ; 1♂, 17-VIII- 1947 ( USNM) . Fulton Co: Fulton, route 94, 2.5 mi [4.02 km] east of Cayce : 1♂, 1♀, 16-IX-1979, C. V. Covell Jr. ( USNM) . Hickman : 1♀, 14-IX-1980, C. V. Covell Jr. ( USNM) . Greyson Co: 8 mi [12.8 km] east of Caneyville , 650 ft [16.5 m]: 1♂, 26-VI ( CMNH) . Henderson Co: Henderson Sloughs : 1♂, 11-IX-1982, C. V. Covell Jr. ( USNM) . Trigg Co: Land Between the Lakes : 1♂, 10-VII-1965, C. V. Covell Jr. ( USNM) . Louisiana: Intercoastal City : 1♂ ( CMNH) . Rapides Parish : 2♂, 1-III-1999, R. Rockwell ( CMNH) . Jefferson Co: Harahan : 3♂, 2♀, 20-22- VI-1944, W. D. Field ( USNM) . St. Landry Co: Opelousas : 1♂ ( CMNH) . Maryland: Ann Arundel Co: [Edgewater], Camp Letts , 2♂, 1♀, 9-VII-1941, G. W. Rawson ( USNM) . Galesville : 1♀, 18-VI-1978, D. C. Ferguson ( USNM) . Near Marley : 2♀, 29-IX-1955, R. S. Simmons ( USNM) . Calvert Co: Chesapeake Beach : 1♀, 8-VIII-1956, Rozman ( USNM) . Mutual : 1♂, 21-VII-1936, G. W. Rawson ( USNM) . Plum Point : 1♂, 4-VII-1912 ( USNM) . Charles Co: Liverpool [Point]: 1♂, 15-IX-1960 ( USNM) . Near Port Tobacco ; 1♂, 28-VIII-1960, R. S. Simmons ( USNM) . Welcome : 2♀, 4-IX-1975, R. S. Simmons ( USNM) . Dorchester Co: Near Linkwood : 1♀, 29-VI-1967, R. S. Simmons ( USNM) . Fredrick Co: ‘ Lily Ponds’ : 1♀, 14-VIII-1982 ( USNM) . Montgomery Co: Somerset, near Widgeon : 1♂: 5-IV-1970 ( USNM) . Prince Georges Co : 2♂, 12-VII-1978, J. Glaser ( CMNH) . Oxon Hill : 1♀, 21- VIII-1969, W. T. Waugh ( UMDC) ; 1♂, 21-VII-1979, M. J. Crieveling ( UMDC) . Queen Anne’s Co: Roanoke : 1♀, 28-VII-1970, P. G. Bystrak ( UMDC) . Washington Co: Dargan : 1♂, 30-VII-1976, R. S. Simmons ( USNM) . Sharpsburg : 1♀, 3-VIII-1941, W. H. Wagner ( CUIC) . Michigan: Ingham Co: Okemos, Ferguson Park : 1♀, 17- VIII-1976 ( UMDC) . Mississippi: Harrison Co: 1 mi [1.6 km] west of Long Beach : 1♂, 18-VIII-1971, G. F. Hevel ( USNM) . Oktibbeha Co: Mississippi State, Mississippi State University : 1♀, 15-VI-1968, C. Bryson ( CUIC) . Warren Co: Vicksburg : 1♂, G. Dorner ( USNM) . Washington Co: Greenville : 1♂, G. Dorner ( USNM) . Missouri: Boone Co: Columbia : 1♀, 13-VII-1967, F. D. Parker ( USNM) . Cass Co: Pleasant Hill : 1♀, R. Heitzman ( USNM) . Greene Co: Willard : 1♀, 3-VIII, A. E. Brower ( USNM) ; 1♂, 1♀, 4-X, A. E. Brower ( USNM) ; 2♂, 24-VII, A. E. Brower ( USNM) ; 1♂, 15-X, A. E. Brower ( USNM) ; 1♂, 18-VIII-1918, A. E. Brower ( USNM) . Jackson Co: Independence : 1♀, 31-VIII-1958, J. R. Heitzman ( OSAC) ; 1♀, 19-VII-1960, J. R. Heitzman ( OSAC) ; 1♀, 4-VIII- 1960, J. R. Heitzman ( OSAC) . Marion Co: Hannibal : 1♀ ( UMDC) . Pike Co: Louisiana: 1♀, VI-1885 ( USNM) . Saint Louis Co : 1♀, 10-VII-1900, C. L. Heink ( USNM) ; 2♂, 10-17-VIII-1902, C. L. Heink ( USNM) ; 1♀, 23-VII- 1938 ( USNM) . Overland : 1♀, 21-X-1934 ( USNM) ; 2♂, 2♀, 14-21-VII-1940 ( USNM) . Nebraska: Douglas Co: Omaha : 1♀, 28-VI-1949, V. Nabokov ( CUIC) ; 1♀, 24-IX-1964, A. Spencer ( USNM) . Lancaster Co: Jamaica : 1♂, 28-VII-1963, A. Spencer ( USNM) . Lincoln : 2♂, 22-IX-1964, A. Spencer ( USNM) . New Jersey: Cape May Co : 7♀ ( CMNH) . West May : 6♂, 4♀, 22-VIII-1978, D. B. Adelberg ( USNM) ; 6♂, 5♀, 19-VIII-1978, D. B. Adelberg ( USNM) . Monmouth Co: Locust : 1♀, 5-VIII-1900 ( USNM) . New York: Tompkins Co: Ithaca : 1♂, 21-VII-1896, C. Young ( CUIC) ; 1♀, 31-VII-1948, C. E. Lasch ( CUIC) . Ludlowville : 1♀, 8-VII-1981, L. L. Pecuman ( CUIC) . Suffolk Co: Greenport : 1♀, 11-VII-1948, R. Latham ( CUIC) . Orient : 1♀, 25-VI-1957 ( CUIC) . Riverhead : 1♀, VI- 1924, R. Latham ( CUIC) . North Carolina: Bertie Co: Windsor : 1♀, 4-VII-1934, G. B. Ray ( USNM) . Cherokee Co : 1♀, 20-VIII-1928, Richards ( CUIC) . Cumberland Co : 1♂, 2-VII-1972, F. T. Bragg ( USNM) ; 1♂, 10-VIII-1981, S. Gross ( USNM) . Durham Co: Country Rd 1637: 1♂, 24-VIII-1968, J. B. Sullivan ( OSAC) ; 1♂, 14-IX-1968, J. B. Sullivan ( OSAC) ; 1♂, 24-V-1969, J. B. Sullivan ( OSAC) . Madison Co: Hot Springs : 1♀, VII-1889 ( USNM) . Moore Co: Southern Pines : 1♂, 1-IV-1951, C. V. Covell Jr. ( CVC) ; Raleigh Co: 20 mi [32.19 km] north of Raleigh , 1♂, 2♀, 15-VII-2000, A. Y. Kawahara ( AYK) . Ohio: Hamilton Co: Cincinnati, Water Works Park : 3♂, 4♀, 20-28- VII-1939, W. Johnson ( USNM) . Hancock Co: Findlay : 1♂, 27-VIII-1925, R. W. Rawson ( USNM) . Oklahoma: Garfield Co : 1♂, 18-VI-1959, J. F. Reinert ( USNM) . Muskogee Co: Greenleaf State Park: 1♂, 4-VIII-1971, R. K. Robbins ( USNM) . Payne Co: Stillwater : 1♂, 1948, L. Hopkins ( AYK) . Washington Co: Newport Township, 13 km east of Marietta : 1♂, 10-VII-1994, R. F. Rockwell ( CMNH) . Pennsylvania: 1♀, 8-VI ( CMNH) . Allegheny Co : 1♂, [June], H. Lippold ( CMNH) ; Pittsburgh : 1♂, 15-VI-1888 ( CMNH) ; 1♂, 25-VIII-1892 ( CMNH) . South Carolina: 3♂ ( USNM) . Charleston Co: Charleston : 1♂, 14-VII-1897 ( USNM) ; 1♂, 1♀, 22-27-VII-1897 ( USNM) ; 1♂, 4- VIII-1897 ( USNM) ; 1♂, 22-VII-1897 ( USNM) ; 1♂, 3-IX-1897 ( USNM) ; 1♂, VI-1898 ( USNM) ; 1♂, 26-VI-1900 ( USNM) ; 1♂, 16-IX-1900 ( USNM) . Jasper Co: Coosawhatchie , 1♂, 18-III-1941, R. B. Dominick ( USNM) . Pikens Co: Clemson : 1♂, 18-VI-1985, C. R. L. Adler ( USNM) . Richland Co: Cola : 3♂, X-1909 ( USNM) . Tennessee: Oomee : 1♀, 31-V-1976 ( USNM) . Davidson Co: Nashville : 6♂, 2♀, 27-29-VII ( CUIC) ; 2♂, 2♀, 10-VIII-1894 ( CMNH) ; 1♂, 10-VIII-1903 ( CMNH) . Grundy Co: Monteagle, Assembly pool 2000 ft [610 m]: 1♂, 1-IX-1930, A. G. Richards ( AYK) . Hamilton Co: Chattanooga : 1♂, 2♀ ( USNM) . Lake Co: Reelfoot Lake : 1♀, 18-V-1981, J. A. Hyatt ( USNM) . Shelby Co: Memphis : 1♂ ( USNM) ; 1♂, 1♀, 10-X-1927, G. W. Rawson ( USNM) ; 2♂, 2-VIII- 1962, N. S. Curtis ( CMNH) ; 1♂, 4-VI-1963, N. S. Curtis ( CUIC) . Smith Co: Elmwood : 1♂, 1♀, 19-23-VII-1900 ( USNM) . Texas: Harris Co: Houston : 1♂, 9-IV-1961 ( CMNH) ; Kleberg Co: Kingsville : 1♀, C. T. Reed ( CUIC) . Utah: Summit Co: Park City : 1♂, 1-VIII-1895 ( CMNH) . Virginia: [Uncertain county]: Bull Run : 1♂, 29-VII-1941, W. H. Wagner ( USNM) ; 1♂, 17-VIII-1941, W. H. Wagner ( USNM) . Bull Run Park : 1♂, 16-VIII-1970, O. S. Flint ( USNM) . Dot Lee : 1♂, 2-VIII-1940, A. H. Clark. Alexandria [City]: 1♀, 2-VI-1970, T. D. Opler ( USNM) ; 2♀, 10- 12-IX-1978, P. A. Opler ( USNM) ; 1♀, 30-IX-1978, P. A. Opler ( USNM) . Botetourt Co [?]: Glebe : 1♂, 15-IX- 1940, Wagner ( USNM) . Fairfax Co: Fort Belvoir : 1♀, 15-VII-1936 ( USNM) . Mount Vernon : 1♀, 28-VIII-1936 ( CUIC) . Isle of Wight Co: Rescue : 1♂, 4-IX-1941 ( USNM) . Montgomery Co: Price’s Fork : 1♂, 13-VII-1960, C. V. Covell ( USNM) ; 1♀, 1-IX-1960 ( MGCL) . Nelson Co : 1♂, Robinson ( CMNH) . Rockingham Co: 3 mi [4.83 km] north of Gospell Hill : 1♂, 4-VII-1978, P. A. and C. D. Opler ( USNM) . Shenandoah Co: Kimball : 1♂, 30-VII-1941, A. H. Clark ( USNM) . New Market : 1♂, 23-VII-1941, A. H. Clark ( USNM) . West Virginia: 3♀ ( CMNH) ; 1♂: T. L. Mead ( CMNH) ; 1♂, 1873 ( CMNH) ; 1♂, VI-1886, W. H. Edwards ( CMNH) . [Uncertain State]: 5♂, 6♀, 1885 ( CMNH) ; 1♂, 19-IX-1942 ( CUIC) .

Distribution. Most specimens have been collected from the United States, but there are records as far south as northern Mexico, and as far north as southeastern Canada (see Kawahara, [2006b] for specific details).

Remarks. The specific epithet is often misspelled. These mistakes originated from the misspellings of Morris (1860) and Edwards (1872, 1877), and should be corrected. Furthermore, the year of description for bachmanii is often incorrectly cited as 1852 instead of 1851. For further discussion on the date of the original description, refer to Okano (1987).

Field (1938a: 131, 1938b: 124) described Libythea bachmanii larvata f. kirtlandi based on specimens that he felt were different because they were ‘grayish brown with a distinct purplish tinge.’ As with other libytheine species, the ventral wing surface of Libytheana carinenta is highly variable, and the ventral surface cannot be used to readily delimit taxa. Furthermore, the name kirtlandi is unavailable because it was described as a quadrinomial. Scott (1986: 345) eliminated the trinomen and treated kirtlandi as a form of carinenta Cramer , but this is also invalid as forms are given infrasubspecific rank and are unavailable after 1960 ( ICZN 1999, Article 15.2).

Figures

FIGURES 33−38. Lateral view of male genitalia of Libythea and Libytheana. 33. Libythea narina; 34. Libytheana carinenta carinenta; 35. Libytheana carinenta bachmanii; 36. Libytheana fulvescens; 37. Libytheana motya; 38. Libytheana terena.

FIGURES 63−68. Wing venation of Libytheana. 63. Libytheana vagabunda; 64. Libytheana carinenta carinenta; 65. Libytheana carinenta bachmanii; 66. Libytheana fulvescens; 67. Libytheana motya; 68. Libytheana terena.

FIGURES 149−164. Right dorsal and ventral wing surfaces of Libytheana. The second image of each specimen shows the ventral surface of the wings. 149, 150. Libytheana carinenta carinenta (Cramer): ♂, Mexico, San Juan (CMNH); 151, 152. Libytheana carinenta bachmanii (Kirtland): ♂, USA, North Carolina, 20 mi north of Raleigh (AYK); 153, 154. Libytheana carinenta larvata (Strecker): Paratype ♂, USA, Texas, San Antonio (FSNM); 155, 156. Libytheana carinenta streckeri Austin and Emmel: Paratype ♂, USA, Texas, Hidalgo Co, Donna (USNM); 157, 158. Libytheana motya Hübner [1823]: ♂, Cuba (CUIC); 159, 160. Libytheana motya (Hübner [1823]): ♀, Cuba, Santiago (AMNH); 161, 162. Libytheana terena (Godart): ♂, Dominican Republic, Pedernales, La Abeja, 38 km NNW of Cabo Rojo (CMNH); 163, 164. Libytheana terena (Godart): ♀, Hispañola (CUIC).

FIGURES 2−13. Lateral view of the male eighth abdominal tergum of Libythea and Libytheana with scales and hairs removed. 2. Libythea celtis; 3. Libythea collenettei; 4. Libythea geoffroyi; 5. Libythea labdaca; 6. Libythea laius; 7. Libythea lepita; 8. Libythea myrrha; 9. Libythea narina; 10. Libytheana carinenta; 11. Libytheana fulvescens; 12. Libytheana motya; 13. Libytheana terena.