Libytheana terena ( Godart 1819 )

Kawahara, Akito Y., 2013, <strong> Systematic revision and review of the extant and fossil snout butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Libytheinae) </ strong>, Zootaxa 3631 (1), pp. 1-74 : 57-58

Libytheana terena ( Godart 1819)

( Figs. 13 , 25, 38, 50, 68, 161–164)

Libythea terena Godart 1819: 170 ; [ 1824]: 813.

Hypatus terena Hübner [1823] , imprint 1819–[1827]: 61 Figs. 1 , 2 .

Hecaërge motya Hübner [1823] , imprint 1819–[1827]: 350 [pl.137] Figs. 3, 4 [female, misidentification].

Libythea terina [sic] Strecker [1878]: 131.

Libythea (Hypatus) carinenta terena Fruhstorfer 1898: 170 .

Libythea (Hypatus) carinenta var. terena: Pagenstecher 1901: 15 .

Hecaerge terena Hering 1921: 285 [justified emendation].

Libythea carinenta terena: Seitz 1924: 623 , pl. 20d.

Libytheana carinenta terena: Brown & Heineman 1972: 224 , 225.

Diagnosis. Libytheana terena is most similar to L. motya by sharing a long labial palpus, and a hindwing CuA 2 vein that extends beyond 1A + 2A by more than 1 mm. However, L. terena can be easily distinguished from L. motya by the orange and brown hindwing dorsum, which is white-yellow and brown in L. motya .

Type Specimens Examined. Like L. motya , the type of L. terena could not be located during the time of this study. A neotype may need to be designated in the future once it is established that a specimens from the original type series do not exist.

Other Specimens Examined. (21♂, 16♀): DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Azua: Río de las Cuevas, 3 km north of Padre Las Casas : 1♂, 8-VII-1957, O. Cucurullo ( AMNH) . 5 km S. Peralta , 1000 ft [304.8 m]: 1♂, 27-VII-1985, F. L. Gonzalez ( MGCL) ; 1♂, 31-VII-1985, F. L. Gonzalez ( MGCL) . Barahona Las Caritas : 1♂, 18-X-1957, O. Cucurullo ( AMNH) . Dajabón: Chacquey : 1♀, 26-II-1930 ( AMNH) . Duarte: Villa Rivas : 1♂, 19-VI-1915, F. E. W. ( AMNH) . La Altagracia, 2.5 km SE Playa Bayahibe : 1♂, 5-VII-1984, A. Schwartz ( MGCL) ; 1♀, 12-VIII-1985, A. Schwartz ( MGCL) ; 1♂, 6-VI-1986, F. L. Gonzalez ( MGCL) ; 1♂, 6-VI-1986, A. Schwartz ( MGCL) . La Romana: Higueral : 1♀, VI-1963 ( OSAC) ; Pedernales: Acetillar, 12 km northwest of Las Abejas , 1130 m: 1♂, 7-18-VII- 1986, D. Matusik ( AMNH) . 4 km NW Tres Charcos , 0 ft [0 m]: 1♂, 13-VI-1986, A. Schwartz ( MGCL) . Cabo Rojo : 1♀, 20-VII-1987, K. Johnson ( AMNH) . La Abeja , 38 km NNW Cabo Rojo, 1160–1250 m: 3♂, 2♀, 11-18- VII-1987, D. Matusik and K. Johnson ( CMNH) . Santiago Rodriguez, 18 km SW Moncion, 1800 ft [548.7 m]: [ Sex unknown], 30-VI-1985, F. L. Gonzalez ( MGCL) . Santo Domingo: 2♂ ( BMNH) ; 1♀, 9-VII-1940, J. Garcia-Diaz ( CUIC) . Uncertain locality: 1♂ ( BMNH) . HAITI: Boutilliers Rd , 3000 ft W: 1♀, 22-VII-1977, A. S. ( CMNH) . Camagi : 1♀, Chipman ( CMNH) . Sources Puantes : 1♀, 26-III-1922 ( AMNH) . Uncertain locality: 1♀ ( BMNH) ; 1♂, 1♀, Tweedie ( BMNH) ; 2♀, Priddy ( BMNH) . JAMAICA: Manchester: Mount Forest Christian Youth Camp 18 km south of Mandeville , 450 m: 1♂, 23-V-1978, G. Vyhmeister ( LACM) ; 2♂, 2-VII-1978, G. Vyhmeister ( LACM) . Trelawny: Trelawny Parish, Trelawny Beach : 1♀, 17-VII-1995, A. D. Warren ( ADW) . PUERTO RICO: 1♂ ( BMNH) ; 1♀, J. Doll ( AMNH) .

Distribution. Caribbean Islands: Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.

Biology. The life history of this species remains unknown. Schwartz (1983, 1989) reported the following adult nectar sources: Daucus sp. (Apiaceae) ; Cordia exarata Urb. , C. globosa (Jacq.) Kunth. , Tournefortia hirsutissima L. ( Boraginaceae ); Croton linearis Jacq. ; Rubiaceae : Morinda citrifolia L. ( Euphorbiaceae ).

Remarks. Libythea terena has been reported from the Dominican Republic and Haiti, but relatively few specimens from Jamaica and Puerto Rico were found in collections, and thus this species may be rare on these two islands. Libytheana terena and L. motya are Caribbean endemics, and they are sister species. Both share a continuous band on the forewing, from the costal margin to M 3. No genitalia differences exist between the two species (Kawahara 2009).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Phylogeny of snout butterflies based on morphology (after Kawahara 2009). Numbers above and below each rectangle refer to the characters and states in Kawahara (2009). A dark rectangle indicates a unique character state change (synapomorphy), a white rectangle indicates homoplasy. Large numbers indicate branch support (Bremer Support/jackknife). Due to limited space, outgroups are not shown in this figure.

FIGURES 2−13. Lateral view of the male eighth abdominal tergum of Libythea and Libytheana with scales and hairs removed. 2. Libythea celtis; 3. Libythea collenettei; 4. Libythea geoffroyi; 5. Libythea labdaca; 6. Libythea laius; 7. Libythea lepita; 8. Libythea myrrha; 9. Libythea narina; 10. Libytheana carinenta; 11. Libytheana fulvescens; 12. Libytheana motya; 13. Libytheana terena.