Prosimulium tomosvaryi, (ENDERLEIN)

Adler, Peter H., S, Ümit & Irin, 2014, Cytotaxonomy of the Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Western Asia, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171 (4), pp. 753-768 : 759

PROSIMULIUM TOMOSVARYI (ENDERLEIN)

Larvae of P. tomosvaryi from the Armenian Caucasus (N = 42) and Turkey (N = 1) were characterized by fixed inversions IIS-3 ( Fig. 8A ) and IIL-1 ( Fig. 9 ) of Basrur (1959), heteroband 84 ( Fig. 11 ), and IS-14 ( Fig. 5 ) as the X-chromosome sequence. In Armenian larvae, the novel inversion IIS-11 ( Fig. 8A ) was nearly fixed, the Y sequence was standard ( Fig. 5B ), heteroband 23hb ( Fig. 7 ) was in Hardy−Weinberg equilibrium at Site 7, and five autosomal rearrangements ( Fig. 11 ) were found in the base of IIIL ( Table 6). Heteroband 84hb occurred in all homologues except those with the IIIL-26 inversion or those with a pair of grainy heterochromatic blocks in sections 85 and 88; 85hc was up to five times larger than 88hc(t). An additional, rare inversion, IIIL-27, occurred on the same homologue as IIIL- 26 in one male larva. Ectopic pairing of centromere bands typically did not occur, but heteroband 84hb often paired ectopically with CI and CII. The single Turkish larva discovered amongst 2114 morphologically sorted specimens of Prosimulium from Turkey had a homozygous heteroband in section 18 ( Fig. 5A ). One Armenian larva of P. tomosvaryi was infected with the same species of microsporidium that we found in larvae of P. frontatum .

Figures

Figure 5. Chromosome arm IS of Prosimulium tomosvaryi. A, female, showing the X sequence, represented by IS-14; B, male, showing the X (upper homologue) and Y (lower homologue = standard) sequences. Abbreviation: hb, location of heteroband 18hb.

Figure 7. Chromosome arm IL of Prosimulium tomosvaryi (female), showing the standard sequence. Limits of IL-11 of Prosimulium rachiliense ‘A’ and IL-13 and IL-14 of P. rachiliense ‘B’ are shown by brackets. Abbreviations: hb, location of heteroband 23hb of P. tomosvaryi; N.O., nucleolar organizer.

Figure 8. Chromosome arm IIS. A, Prosimulium tomosvaryi (female). Relative to the standard sequence, IIS-3 and IIS- 11 are present. B, Prosimulium frontatum (female) showing heterozygous inversion IIS-12; its breakpoints are indicated by arrows on the standard homologue. Limits of IIS-13 of Prosimulium rachiliense ‘B’ are indicated by a bracket. Fixed rearrangements are italicized and polymorphic rearrangements are in standard type. Abbreviation: RoB, ring of Balbiani.

Figure 9. Chromosome arm IIL of Prosimulium tomosvaryi [upper sequence: male; lower: composite male (sections 66– 70) and female (sections 64–65, 71–74)]. Relative to the standard sequence, IIL-1 is present. Limits of IIL-3 of P. tomosvaryi and IIL-12 of Prosimulium rachiliense ‘B’ are indicated by arrows and a bracket, respectively. Fixed rearrangements are italicized and polymorphic rearrangements are in standard type. Abbreviations: C, centromere; Pb, parabalbiani; RoB, ring of Balbiani; “5”, group of 5 marker.

Figure 11. Chromosome arm IIIL of Prosimulium rachiliense cytoform ‘A’ (male), showing the standard sequence. Limits of IIIL-21–IIIL-24 of P. rachiliense ‘A’, IIIL-25 of Prosimulium frontatum, and IIIL-26 and IIIL-27 of Prosimulium tomosvaryi are indicated by brackets. Fixed rearrangements are italicized and polymorphic rearrangements are in standard type. Abbreviations: C, centromere; hb, location of heteroband 84hb of P. tomosvaryi; hc, location of extra heterochromatin (85hc) of P. tomosvaryi; hc(r) and hc(t), extra heterochromatin of P. rachiliense ‘A’ and P. tomosvaryi, respectively; s, shield; t, triad.