Glyphonycteris sylvestris Thomas, 1896

Cláudio, Vinícius C., Barbosa, Gedimar P., Rocha, Vlamir J. & Rassy, Ricardo Moratelli Fabrício B., 2020, The bat fauna (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Carlos Botelho State Park, Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil, including new distribution records for the state of São Paulo, Zoologia (e 36514) 37, pp. 1-32 : 13

Glyphonycteris sylvestris Thomas, 1896

Fig. 15

Taxonomy. Glyphonycteris Thomas is represented in Brazil by G. behnii (Peters, 1856) , G. daviesi (Hill, 1965) and G. sylvestris Thomas, 1896 ( Nogueira et al. 2014). The validity of G. sylvestris is still debaTable, once Simmons and Voss (1998) suggested that G. behnii could be a senior synonym of G. sylvestris based on results obtained by Simmons (1996), which examined two specimens from Peruvian Amazonia referred as G. behnii and concluded that forearm and skull measurements of those specimens overlap the values registered for G. sylvestris . Gregorin et al. (2011b), however, suggests that if the estimates of Simmons (1996) on forearm length of the Peruvian specimens recorded by Andersen (1906) are correct, these specimens should be considered G. sylvestris with occurrence restricted to tropical forest environments and G. behnii would be restricted to Brazilian Cerrado – the type locality of the species (Cuiabá, Mato Grosso state). Glyphonycteris daviesi is the larger species in the genus and can be separated by the larger forearm length (> 52 mm in G. daviesi , <44 mm in G. sylvestris and between 44 and 47 mm in G. behnii ); presence of one pair of upper incisors while the other species have two pairs; and by the unicolored dorsal fur, that is tricolored in the other two species ( Simmons and Voss 1998, Nogueira et al. 2007b, Williams and Genoways 2008). Glyphonycteris sylvestris can be separated from G. behnii by forearm length and skull measurements (FA <44 mm, GLS <22 mm in G. sylvestris , and FA> 44 mm GLS> 21 mm in G. behnii – Williams and Genoways 2008, Gregorin et al. 2011b). Specimens from PECB (ZSP 033, 042; see Table 5 for measurements) have tricolored dorsal fur, with gray basal band, followed by a pale gray mid band and dark gray tips, bicolored ventral fur with a gray basal band and light gray distal band. Ears are medium-size and pointed, the tail does not reach the edge of interfemoral membrane, and calcar is smaller than foot. Incisors chisel-shaped resemble canines on size; and premolars of same size with tips slightly recurved.

Distribution. In Brazil the species is recorded in the Amazon, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest, occurring in the states of Amazonas, Amapá, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo, and Tocantins ( Felix et al. 2016, Reis et al. 2017). In São Paulo, the species is recorded in only two localities, in south and southeastern regions ( Garbino 2016).

Field observations. We captured two adult males, in March and May, in mist-nets elevated 8 m over a wide stream, in sampling sites M18 and M24 (Appendix 1).