Echinothrix calamaris ( Pallas, 1774 )

Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles, 2017, Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa, Zootaxa 4296 (1), pp. 1-72 : 30

Echinothrix calamaris ( Pallas, 1774)

Fig. 29 A–C.

Echinothrix calamaris: Mortensen, 1904: 30 –32. Pl. III, Figs 5 , 13 , 17 , 21 , 30 . Pl. IV, Figs 3 , 11 ; H.L. Clark, 1923: 373; H.L. Clark, 1925a: 44 –45; Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976: 226; Richmond, 1997: 296; Samyn, 2003: 203, Fig. 3 B; Branch et al., 2010: 236, Fig. 106.4; Schultz, 2010: 108, Fig. 193–194.

Material examined. MBC-A077783; MBC-A077784; MBC-A077786; MBC-A077781; MBC-A 022217.

Identification. Test with green, naked areas aborally; anal cone large, with spots. Primary tubercles in two series, Four to six secondary tubercles present in interporiferous zones. Spines variable in color, banded black and white, uniformly black or white, sometimes with greenish bands; test greenish, interambulacra lighter; cleaned test brown with green tints.

Global maximum size. Maximum test size 160 mm.

Global distribution. Red Sea and East Africa, East coast of South Africa to Malayan Archipelago , from South Japan to North Australia and South Sea Islands ; 50 m ( Clark & Courtman-Stock 1976; Schlutz 2010).

Remarks. Specimens identified through this study show that species may inhabit waters of 50 m deeper than previously known. Echinothrix calamaris differ from the two Diadema species in its spotted anal cone and presence of secondary tubercles in interporiferous zone.

Figures

FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts.

FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 11. Stereocidaris capensis (MB-A 077743): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 13. Stereocidaris squamosa (MBC-A 077750). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 17. Stylocidaris cingulata. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen (MBC-A 074000). C. Apical system of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28217).

FIGURE 21. Tromikosoma uranus (SAMC-A 22122). A. Map showing distribution. B. view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 29. Echinothrix calamaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal). C. Aboral view of preserved specimen (MBC- 077783).

FIGURE 30. Caenopedina capensis (MBC-A 022218). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen.