Brissopsis lyrifera capensis Mortensen, 1907

Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles, 2017, Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa, Zootaxa 4296 (1), pp. 1-72 : 57

Brissopsis lyrifera capensis Mortensen, 1907

Fig. 65 A–D.

Brissopsis lyrifera: A. Agassiz, 1881: 189 ; Bell, 1904: 175; Döderlein, 1906: 256 –258. Pl. XXXIV, Figs 4–8 , Pl. XLIX, Figs 1– 2 ; H.L. Clark, 1923: 401; H.L. Clark, 1924: 12 –13; H.L. Clark, 1925a: 213 –214; Mortensen, 1951: 387 –389. Pls. XXX, Figs. 1–4 , 7–13 , Pl. XXXII, Figs 15 , 20 , 22 ; Pl. LVII, Fig. 15 ; Schultz, 2010: 381, Figs 720–721. Brissopsis lyrifera var capensis: Döderlein, 1910: 248 .

Brissopsis lyrifera capensis: Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976: 249 .

Material examined. MBC-A077919; MBC-A077927; MBC-A077910; MBC-A077917; MBC-A077928; MBC- A077923; MBC-A077932; MBC-A077915; MBC-A077914; MBC-A077924; MBC-A077916; MBC-A077930; MBC-A077921; MBC-A077926; MBC-A 022334; MBC-A 022335; MBC-A 022337; MBC-A 022338; MBC- A 022339; MBC-A 022347; MBC-A023305; MBC-A027735; MBC-A077922; MBC-A077912; MBC-A077921; MBC-A077925; MBC-A077918; MBC-A077913; MBC-A077913; MBC-A077911; A23073; A23087; MBC- A077929; MBC-A077931; A23083.

Identification. Test heart-shaped; petals straight and divergent. Petals with reduced inner pores. Anterior ambulacrum with differentiated pores, associated with tube feet. Apical disc ethmolytic, with four gonopores. Peripetalous and bilobed subanal fascioles present; apical disc being sub-central; sternal plates tuberculated.

Global maximum size. Maximum test length 70 mm.

Global distribution. Eastern Atlantic from Norway to Iceland, along European coasts of Mediterranean and southward to Canary Islands and West Africa ( Mortensen, 1951; Schultz 2010) at 5–1400 m ( Döderlein 1910; Mortensen 1951; Schultz 2010), West and East coast regions of South Africa,

Remarks. Samples identified through this study extend previously known distribution eastwards towards Richards Bay and Sodwana Bay. According to Mortensen (1951) there are variations in the size of the posterior petals amongst South African and Atlantic-Mediterranean species. Thus B. lyrifera ( Forbes 1841) was separated into two subspecies B. lyrifera capensis (South African subspecies) and B. lyrifera lyrifera (Atlantic- Mediterranean subspecies), Furthermore, B. lyrifera capensis has pedicellariae densely packed in the posterior ambulacrum and around the peristome, seldom on the aboral side; whereas pedicellariae are found on the aboral side in the midline of the interambulacrum, in the case of B. lyrifera lyrifera .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts.

FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum).

FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235).

FIGURE 10. Stereocidaris alcocki (SAMC-A 28229): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view (close-up) of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 11. Stereocidaris capensis (MB-A 077743): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 12. Stereocidaris excavata (SAMC-A 23320). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 13. Stereocidaris squamosa (MBC-A 077750). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 15. Plococdaris verticillata (SAMC-A 28236). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 20. Sperosoma biseriatum A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010). C. Oral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010).

FIGURE 22. Phormosoma busarium (SAMC-A 22621). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 65. Brissopsis lyrifera capensis (MBC-A 077925). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen. D. Side view of preserved specimen.