Polyechinus agulhensis ( Döderlein, 1905 )

Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles, 2017, Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa, Zootaxa 4296 (1), pp. 1-72 : 41-42

Polyechinus agulhensis ( Döderlein, 1905)

Fig. 44 A–C.

Paracentrotus agulhensis: Döderlein, 1906: 207 –210. Pl. XXVII, Figs 1–4 . Pl. XXXV, Fig. 17 . Pl. XLVII, Fig. 1 . Paracentrotus agulhensis: Döderlein, 1910: 248 ; H.L. Clark, 1923: 388; H.L. Clark, 1924: 9; H.L. Clark, 1925a: 132. Paracentrotus grandis: H.L. Clark, 1923: 388 –390. Pl. XXII: H.L. Clark, 1924: 9.

Polyechinus agulhensis: Mortensen, 1943: 118 –123. Pl. XVII, Figs 4–5 . Pl. XXI, Figs 1–8 . Pl. LVII, Figs 16 , 21–28 ; Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976: 238; Schultz, 2011: 1263, Figs 2247–2248.

Material examined. MBC-A 022252; MBC-A 022238; MBC-A 022239; MBC-A 022258; MBC-A 022259; MBC- A 022707; MBC-A077840; MBC-A077841.

Identification. Test from globular to low hemispherical. Primary spines stout but brittle. Denuded test and spines white.

Global maximum size. Maximum test diameter 80 mm.

Global distribution. Endemic to West and South coast regions of South Africa, at 200–1080 m ( Döderlein 1910; Mortensen 1943; Schultz 2011).

Remarks. Distinguished from Echinus gilchristi by number of pore-pairs per plate, where P. agulhensis commonly has four, rarely three or five, and E. gilchristi has three.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts.

FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum).

FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 16. Prionocidaris pistillaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of adult preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23724). C. Side view of juvenile preserved specimen (MBC-A 077755).

FIGURE 17. Stylocidaris cingulata. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen (MBC-A 074000). C. Apical system of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28217).

FIGURE 21. Tromikosoma uranus (SAMC-A 22122). A. Map showing distribution. B. view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 22. Phormosoma busarium (SAMC-A 22621). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 23. Phormosoma placenta africana (SAMC- A 22250). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 24. Aspidodiadema africanum (MBC-A 022216). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 25. Astropyga radiata. A. Map showing distribution. B. Live adult (KwaZulu-Natal). C. Oral view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28211).

FIGURE 26. Chaetodiadema africanum. A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of adult preserved specimen (MBC- 077779). C. Aboral view of juvenile preserved specimen (SAMC-A 23717).

FIGURE 27. Diadema savignyi A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal).

FIGURE 28. Diadema setosum A. Map showing distribution. B. Live juvenile specimen (KwaZulu-Natal).

FIGURE 44. Polyechinus agulhensis (SAMC-A 22259). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Non-fleshy mouth.