Trigonocidaris monolini A. Agassiz, 1879

Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles, 2017, Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa, Zootaxa 4296 (1), pp. 1-72 : 39

Trigonocidaris monolini A. Agassiz, 1879

Fig. 41 A–B.

Orechinus monolini: Döderlein, 1906: 196 –198. Pl. XXV, Fig. 1 . Pl. XXXV, Fig. 6 . Pl. XLVI, Fig. 5 ; Döderlein, 1910: 247; H.L. Clark, 1912: 300 –301; H.L. Clark, 1923: 383; Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976: 230 –231. Orechinus monoli: Mortensen, 1943a: 330 –333. Pls. XVI, Figs. 23–29 ; Figs. 1–10 .

Trigonocidaris monolini: Schultz, 2011: 1242 , Figs 2199–2200.

Material examined. None, entry based on literature.

Identification. Tubercles encircling apical disc, gonopores on elevated ridges.

Global maximum size. Maximum test diameter 14 mm.

Global distribution. Hawaii through Malayan region and Kermadec Island to South coast of South Africa, at 318 – 2300 m depth ( Schultz 2011).

Remarks. Single record off South coast region ( Clark & Courtman-Stock 1976), which is not represented in Iziko Museum collection. Similar South African distribution range as T. nitidus , but T. monolini has a tuberculated apical disc and T. nitidus a smooth one.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts.

FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum).

FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235).

FIGURE 10. Stereocidaris alcocki (SAMC-A 28229): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view (close-up) of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 23. Phormosoma placenta africana (SAMC- A 22250). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 24. Aspidodiadema africanum (MBC-A 022216). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 25. Astropyga radiata. A. Map showing distribution. B. Live adult (KwaZulu-Natal). C. Oral view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28211).

FIGURE 26. Chaetodiadema africanum. A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of adult preserved specimen (MBC- 077779). C. Aboral view of juvenile preserved specimen (SAMC-A 23717).

FIGURE 27. Diadema savignyi A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal).

FIGURE 28. Diadema setosum A. Map showing distribution. B. Live juvenile specimen (KwaZulu-Natal).

FIGURE 29. Echinothrix calamaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal). C. Aboral view of preserved specimen (MBC- 077783).