Cryptodacus bernardoi Rodriguez & Rodriguez

Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Rodriguez, Erick J., Norrbom, Allen L. & Arévalo, Emilio, 2016, A new species and new records of Cryptodacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Colombia, Bolivia and Peru, Zootaxa 4111 (3), pp. 276-290 : 277-279

Cryptodacus bernardoi Rodriguez & Rodriguez , new species

Figs. 1, 2 , 5–8 , 14, 15 , 19 , 22, 23 , 28–31 , 38–42

Diagnosis. Modified couplets to the latter are provided to include C. bernardoi . It differs from all other species of Cryptodacus in the strongly sinuous shapes of the apical section of vein R4+5 and crossvein dm-m. It differs from all other species except C. obliquus Hendel in lacking brown markings on the face; from all other species except C. trinotatus by the form of the sublateral postsutural vitta on the scutum, which is almost complete, but interrupted anterior to the intra-alar seta; and from other species except C. tau (Foote) by the entirely yellow abdominal syntergite 1+2 ( Figs. 22, 23 ). Other useful diagnostic characters include: gena ( Figs. 5, 6 ,) entirely yellow; posterior side of head yellow except lateral occipital sclerite with elongate brown spot; scutellum with base brown, brown area extended to basal scutellar seta; wing ( Fig. 19 ) cell dm with basal and apical hyaline areas, discal band covering posterior part of crossvein dm-m, middle of dm-m without brown border; abdominal tergites 3–4 with broad brown bands, that on tergite 5 sometimes narrowly divided into 3 parts; oviscape yellow ( Figs. 1 , 20 ); aculeus tip with large serrations ( Figs. 28–30 ).

Description. Length 4.8–5.0 mm. Mesonotum length 1.5–1.7 mm. Wing length 3.2–3.5 mm, width 1.3–1.5 mm, length/width ratio: 2.3. Measurements made on holotype female and one paratype male.

Head ( Figs. 5–8 ): Mostly pale yellow. Ocellar tubercle brown. Orbital plate with irregular brown stripe. Frons with pair of large dark brown spots aligned with and including base of middle frontal seta. 3 frontal setae; 2 orbital setae, well separated, distance between them 2.3–2.6 times distance from anterior seta to eye margin. Ocellar setae weak, 1.5–2.0 times length of ocellar tubercle. Lunule entirely dark brown. Face entirely pale yellow, without brown spots; ventral margin strongly arched; gena and postgena entirely pale yellow. Posterior side of head entirely pale yellow except lateral occipital sclerite with elongate brown spot. Clypeus, prementum and palpus entirely yellow. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellow, first flagellomere dark yellow except moderate brown on apex, elongate, 4.5–5.0 times as long as wide, apex flattened, in lateral view rounded. Arista short pubescent on distal half.

Thorax ( Figs. 14, 15 ): Mostly dark brown to black, with following whitish markings: postpronotal lobe and presutural lateral margin of scutum, connected to band on transverse suture; band on transverse suture (interrupted medially), extended across posterior part of notopleuron and posterior margin of anepisternum, almost reaching katepisternum; elongate spot on dorsal margin of katepisternum, not extending to katepisternal seta; single medial and paired sublateral postsutural vittae on scutum, medial vitta short, extended anteriorly almost to level of transverse suture, and posteriorly to midway between levels of acrostichal and dorsocentral setae, lateral vitta connected to band on transverse suture, extending almost to level of postalar seta but not reaching intra-alar seta; rectangular area posterior and lateral to intra-alar seta; and scutellum except base, brown part extending to and including base of basal scutellar seta. Scutum entirely microtrichose. Chaetotaxy normal for genus, postpronotal, 2 notopleural, 1 anepisternal, anepimeral, katepisternal, postsutural supra-alar, intra-alar, postalar, dorsocentral, acrostichal, and 2 scutellar setae well developed. Presutural supra-alar seta relatively small, half to two-thirds size of postsutural supra-alar seta. Dorsocentral seta aligned one-half to two-thirds distance from postsutural supra-alar seta to postalar seta. Legs mostly pale yellow, mid and hind coxae with small lateral brown areas, fore and mid tibiae pale brown, hind tibia dark brown, all tarsi pale brown.

Wing ( Fig. 19 ): With 4 bands: subbasal band, entirely brown, extended from cells bc and c to midlength of vein CuA+CuP, covering base of cell br, all of cells bm and bcu, and base of cell m4 (except bordering fold); discal band, connected to subbasal band in cell c, curved posteriorly and extended to posterior wing margin distally in cell m4, covering cell r1 posterior to pterostigma, base of cell r2+3, apex of cell br, crossvein r-m and posterior half of crossvein dm-m, dark brown anteriorly, from cell r1 to middle of cell dm orange medially with broad, dark brown margins, posterior quarter paler brown; narrow, brown subapical band from distal part of cell r1 to anterior end of crossvein dm-m, faint in cells r1 and r2+3; and narrow faint brown anterior apical band from distal part of cell r2+3 to apex of vein M1. Vein M4 very narrowly bordered by brown between subbasal and discal bands. Cell dm with anterior apical corner hyaline. Crossvein r-m at 0.71 distance from bm-m to dm-m, entirely covered by dark brown distal margin of discal band. Crossvein dm-m and apical section of vein R4+5 sinuous.

Abdomen (female, Figs. 1 , 22 , male, Figs. 2 , 23 ): Predominantly yellow, including all of syntergite 1+2. Tergite 3 with broad dark brown band. Tergite 4 and female tergite 5 with broad dark brown band or series of narrowly separated rectangular marks. Male tergite 5 laterally with paired ovoid brown marks, longer than wide, and medially with much smaller, inverted U-shaped brown mark or pair of brown spots. Female tergite 6 laterally with paired rectangular brown mark, medially usually with two small brown spots. Tergites with sparse black setulae.

Female terminalia ( Figs. 22 , 28–31 ): oviscape pale yellow, 0.89–0.92 mm long (n=2). Aculeus ( Fig. 28 ) 0.60 mm long, tip ( Figs. 29, 30 ) 0.10 mm long, with apical 0.04 mm triangular and serrate, 0.05 mm wide, with 6–9 teeth on each side. Two spermathecae ( Fig. 31 ) subcylindrical, with helical surface texture and elongate base.

Male terminalia ( Figs. 38–42 ): epandrium in lateral view wider than long, dorsally dark brown with black setulae, ventrally pale brown. Lateral surstylus in lateral view 3.5 times longer than wide, with glabrous, slightly curved elongated acute apex and distinct anteromedial lobe. Medial surstylus elongate two-thirds as long as lateral surstylus. Proctiger ovoid, entirely membranous, with sparse minute brown setulae. Distiphallus ( Figs. 39, 41 ) moderately long and slender in ventral and lateral views, apex of internal tube bilobed.

Type data. Holotype ♀ (IAvH), COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Anolaima, Vereda Santo Domingo, finca Villa Mariana [4.80171°N 74.47542°W], 1532 m, multilure trap, 3 Sep 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, A. L. Norrbom. Paratypes: COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Anolaima, Vereda Santo Domingo, finca Villa Mariana, 1532 m, multilure trap, 3 Sep 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, A. L. Norrbom, 1♂ ( USNM); same locality, multilure trap, 21 Sep 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, 2♀ ( ICAMF 00000044); same, multilure trap, 28 Sep 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, 2♀ ( FSCA); same locality, reared from fruits of Phoradendron sp. near piperoides (Kunth) Trel., collected 13 Sep 2015, emerged 1 Oct 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, 1♂ 2♀ ( USNM). Guaduas, Vereda el Raisal, predio el Cajón km 39 vía Bogotá-Guaduas [5º07’09”N 74º57’02”W], 1421 m, McPhail trap 18, 22 Aug 2014, E. Quiroga, 1♂ 1♀ ( ICAMF 00000045).

Distribution. Cryptodacus bernardoi is known only from Colombia in Cundinamarca department in the municipios of Anolaima and Guaduas at middle altitudes on the west side of the eastern cordillera.

Host plant. Three of the paratypes were reared from tiny fruits of Phoradendron sp. near piperoides (Kunth) Trel. ( Figs. 43, 44 ), which was found parasitizing the upper part of a Psidium guajava L. shrub. This host plant is locally known by the common names “muérdago”, “matapalo”, “injerto” and “pajarito”. Phoradendron is variously classified in the Santalaceae or Viscaceae . The only previous host data for Cryptodacus was the single record of C. silvai Lima from fruit of “herva de passarinho” ( Loranthus sp.) from southern Brazil ( Lima 1947). The Loranthaceae , Santalaceae (and Viscaceae , when recognized as distinct from Santalaceae ) belong to the order Santalales , many of which are parasitic plants.

Etymology. This species is named for José Bernardo Rodríguez, father of the senior author.

Comments. This species runs with difficulty in the keys of Norrbom (1994) and Norrbom & Korytkowski (2008). C. bernardoi may be most closely related to C. lopezi Norrbom , which has a similar aculeus, or it may belong to a clade along with that species and C. tau and trinotatus . The abdominal pattern is intermediate between those species, which have a distinct medial brown vitta or pair of vittae bordered by white or yellow sublateral areas on at least tergite 5 and female tergite 6, and the predominantly brown pattern in other species. In C. bernardoi the bands on tergites 4–5 in the male and 5–6 in the female may be interrupted. These four species also have the head mostly or entirely yellow posteriorly. The males were described only for C. bernardoi , C. obliquus , C. parkeri and C. tau .

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 2. C. bernardoi habitus dorsal: 1, female (Colombia: Anolaima ICAMF 00000044); 2, male (Colombia: Guaduas ICAMF 00000045)

FIGURES 5 – 10. 5 – 8, C. bernardoi (Colombia: Anolaima ICAMF 00000044): 5, head, anterodorsal; 6, head, anteroventral; 7, head, dorsal; 8, head, lateral. 9 – 10, C. ornatus (Colombia: Tolima): 9, head, dorsal; 10, head, lateral.

FIGURES 14 – 18. 14 – 15, C. bernardoi (Colombia: Anolaima ICAMF 00000044): 14, thorax, dorsal; 15, thorax, lateral. 16, C. ornatus (Colombia: Tolima), thorax, dorsal. 17, C. trinotatus, (Colombia: La Mesa ICAMF 00000046), thorax, dorsal. 18, C. obliquus (Bolivia: Santa Cruz USNMENT 00875969), thorax, dorsal.

FIGURES 19 – 21. Wings: 19, C. bernardoi (Colombia: Anolaima ICAMF 00000044); 20, C. ornatus (Colombia: Tolima); 21, C. trinotatus (Colombia: La Mesa ICAMF 00000046).

FIGURES 22 – 23. C. bernardoi: 22, female abdomen, dorsal (Colombia: Anolaima ICAMF 00000044); 23, male abdomen, dorsal (Colombia: Guaduas ICAMF 00000045).

FIGURES 28 – 37. Female terminalia: 28 – 31, C. bernardoi (Colombia: Guaduas ICAMF 00000045): 28, aculeus; 29, aculeus tip; 30, aculeus tip, line drawing; 31, spermatheca. 32 – 34, C. trinotatus (Colombia: La Mesa ICAMF 00000046): 32, aculeus; 33, aculeus tip; 34, aculeus tip, line drawing. 35, C. ornatus, aculeus tip (Colombia; copied from Norrbom 1994, fig. 5 E). 36 – 37, C. obliquus (Bolivia: Santa Cruz USNMENT 00875969): 36, aculeus; 37, aculeus tip.

FIGURES 38 – 42. Male terminalia, C. bernardoi (Colombia: Guaduas ICAMF 00000045): 38, abdomen, lateroventral; 39, distiphallus; 40, epandrium and surstyli, lateral and posterodorsal; 41, distiphallus, line drawing; 42, epandrium and surstyli, lateral, line drawing.

FIGURES 43 – 44. Phoradendron sp. near piperoides (Kunth) Trelease (Viscaceae): 43, section of the plant; 44, fruits, detail.