Cirrospilus, Perry & Heraty, 2019

Perry, Ryan K. & Heraty, John M., 2019, A Tale of Two Setae: How Morphology and ITS 2 Help Delimit a Cryptic Species Complex in Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), Insect Systematics and Diversity (AIFB) 3 (5), No. 1, pp. 1-23 : 11-12

Morphology— Burkseus

The results of a TNT parsimony analysis of only morphological characters was unresolved, with only slightly greater resolution achieved on a majority-rule consensus (Supp. Fig. S9 [online only]). Burkseus vittatus is supported by the presence of small, scattered on the mesoscutum (char. 13: state 1), and B. robustus is supported by an absence of admarginal setae on the fore wing (char. 20: state 1). The results of the color character analysis of recovered only B. sigillatus as monophyletic (Supp. Fig. S10 [online only]) based on the wing pattern character (char. 31: state 1). The morphology + color analysis is the most resolved, with only B. robustus recovered as monophyletic, while B. flavoviridis , B. sigillatus , and B. vittatus are recovered as paraphyletic (Supp. Fig. S11 [online only]).

Diagnostic character state changes are shown on a combined molecular and morphological tree, highlighting changes of the morphospecies (Supp. Fig. S12 [online only]). Each species is supported by at least one unambiguous character state change. Burkseus flavoviridis is supported by a number of characters: mesoscutum with deep-reticulate sculpturing (char. 9: state 1), mesoscutum with three pairs of bristles (char. 12 state 3), hind basitarsus longer than 2nd tarsomere (char. 23: state 2), thin yellow stripes running parallel to the notaulus (char. 26: state 1), propodeum all dark (Char. 29: state 2), and thin yellow stripes on the mesoscutellum (char. 30: state 2)—note that the state changes for characters 5 and 37 are also found in B. robustus . Burkseus robustus is supported by the presence of large, paired setae on the vertex (char. 2: state 1) and the admarginal setae shifted to the margin on the fore wing (char. 20: state 2). Burkseus sigillatus is the only species to possess banding on the fore wing ( Fig. 2D , char. 31 state 1). Burkseus vittatus is the only species to exhibit random, small setae that do not have well-defined setal sockets (char. 13, state 1).

There are two state changes mapped onto the tree supporting Burkseus as distinct from Cirrospilus incertae sedis, scape extending to the vertex (char. 3 state: 1) and mesocutellum with setae equal in length (char. 16: state 1).

Figures

Fig. 9. Habitus: (A) Burkseus elongatus (BMNH: NHMUK 10371836), (B) B. singa (MZH: UCRCENT 513243), (C) B. pinicolus (BMNH: NHMUK 10371840), (D) Cirrospilus curvineurus (MZH: UCRCENT 513242).

Fig. 2. Fore wings, dorsal view: (A) Burkseus vittatus comb. n., (B) B. flavoviridis comb. n., (C) B. robustus n. sp., (D) B. sigillatus n. sp. The photographs of B. robustus and B.sigillatus were taken after DNA extraction,displaying how the dark colors on the submarginal vein setae (B. robustus and B.sigillatus), stigmal vein and uncus (B. robustus), and banding patterns (B. sigillatus) are resilient enough to remain visible after extraction. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. ams = admarginal setae, bsl = basal setal line, csl = cubital setal line, disc = fore wing disc, spc = speculum, smv = submarginal vein, stg = stigmal vein, unc = uncus.