Globocrania, Hennemann & Conle, 2024

Hennemann, Frank H. & Conle, Oskar V., 2024, Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXVI: Taxonomic review of Cladomorformia tax. n., a lineage of Diapheromerinae stick insects, with the descriptions of seven new genera and 41 new species (Phasmatodea: Occidophasmata: Diapheromerinae), Zootaxa 5444 (1), pp. 1-454 : 71-73

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5444.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5DE4A9DD-99F7-4E23-AD50-58DC491BB75E
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87D9-FFE6-D82D-FF55-F1C0284FE1EB
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Globocrania
status

Treatment

4. Globocrania tabida ( Redtenbacher, 1908: 410, pl. 19: 3 (♀ )) [ Bostra ]. HT, ♀: (penultimate instar) 82; Espirito Santo ( Brasil.) J. Michaelis vend. 22.IV.1898; PHA 266 Zoologisches Museum Hamburg [ZMUH]. comb. n. ( Figs. 24C, 24D–F View FIGURE 24 , 89P View FIGURE 89 , 125A–C View FIGURE 125 )

Remarks: The ♀♀ from Itatiaia National Park in the collection of CEIOC differ from the unique holotaype, which is a penultimate instar nymph, by lacking the pair of long and pointed cephalic spines and having the spines of the meso- and metapleurae longer, notably slenderer and pointed. While the absence or presence of spines on the head may lie within the range of intraspecific variability, the stronger and more obtuse pleural spines as well as the shorter subgenital plate of the holotype appear to be characters that differ from adult specimens because they are not fully developed. Similar developmental stages of such characters are seen in many Phasmatodea . Unfotunately, however, the small number of specimens at hand does not allow a definition of the full range of intraspecific variability in this species, why the specimens from Itatiaia National Park can only be attributed to G. tabida with doubt.

Distribution: E-Brazil, Espírito Santo [ZMUH]; SE-Brazil, Est. Rio de Janeiro, Mantiquera Mountains, Itatiaia NP, Cachoeira de Maromba, 1130 m [CEIOC].

Table 9: Measurements [mm] of Globocrania gen. n. spp.

* Apex broken

Keys to the species of Globocrania View in CoL n. gen.

♀♀

1. Subgenital plate lanceolate and projecting beyond apex of abdomen by more than combined length of terminal three abdominal terga............................................................................................... 2

- Subgenital plate spatulate; much shorter.................................................................... 3

2. Apex of subgenital plate obtuse.................................................................... pruinosa View in CoL

- Apex of subgenital plate acutely pointed ( Fig. 24C View FIGURE 24 )....................................................... tabida

3. Praeopercular organ broadly bilobate ( Fig. 26J View FIGURE 26 )......................................................... culmus View in CoL

- Praeopercular organ bi-spinose ( Figs. 26E View FIGURE 26 , 90F View FIGURE 90 )........................................................ .. emesa ♂♂ *

1. Head with a pair of prominent forwarD–curving horns ( Fig. 26B View FIGURE 26 ); lateral margins of anal segment weakly concave ( Figs. 26G–J View FIGURE 26 )........................................................................................ culmus View in CoL

- Head unarmed ( Fig. 26G View FIGURE 26 ); lateral margins of anal segment with an obtuse triangular tooth medially ( Figs. 26D–F View FIGURE 26 )..... emesa

[* ♂♂ of G. pruinosa ( Redtenbacher, 1908) View in CoL and G. tabida ( Redtenbacher, 1908) are not known]

5.10. Genus Hirtuleiodes gen. n.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:375C2079-18AD-4151-A5CC-A9FD9EDB6DE7

( Figs. 8C View FIGURE 8 , 27–28 View FIGURE 27 View FIGURE 28 , 83 View FIGURE 83 F-G, 90D–E, 94E, 102C)

Type-species: Phibalososma gibbosa Chopard, 1911: 34 , by present designation.

Hirtuleius, Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 63 View in CoL , 167.

Conle, Hennemann, Bellanger, Lelong, Jourdan & Valero, 2020: 20 (in part). Brock & Büscher, 2022: 546 (in part).

Acrophylla, Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007: 72 View in CoL (in part).

Brock & Hasenpusch, 2009: 90, fig. 164 (in part).

Brock & Büscher, 2022: 557 (in part).

Cladomorphus, Otte & Brock, 2005: 94 View in CoL (in part).

Ctenomorpha, Kirby, 1904: 389 View in CoL (in part).

Vickery, 1983: 5 (in part).

Otte & Brock, 2005: 72 (in part).

Phibalosoma, Westwood, 1859: 76 , pl. 21: 3 (♂) (in part).

Rainbow, 1897: 39 (in part)

Tepper, 1903: 279 (in part).

Chopard, 1911: 347 (in part).

Description. ♀, ♂ ( Figs. 27–28 View FIGURE 27 View FIGURE 28 ): Small to medium Cladomorphini (body length ♂♂ 72.0– 78.4 mm, ♀♀ incl. subgenital plate 115.0– 152.5 mm), form moderately to very stocky, ♂♂ with well-developed alae and both sexes with a distinctly granulose, nodulose or tubercular head and thorax. Colour various shades of grey, ochre and brown, often ± lichenose. Head ranging from sub-cylindrical to moderately globose with the vertex roundly convex and supplied with a variable number of granules and/or nodes ( Figs. 27E–H View FIGURE 27 ). Eyes large and strongly projecting in ♂♂, their diameter often contained no more than 1.6x in length of genae. Antennae moderately thickened (♂♂ in particular) and reaching up to half the way along mesonotum (♀♀) or median segment (♂♂); scapus moderately compressed dorsoventrally, gently narrowing towards the base and longer than wide. Pronotum notably narrower and shorter than head. All thoracic segments granulose, nodulose and/or minutely tubercular. Mesothorax at best 4.1x longer than prothorax in ♀♀ and no more than 6x longer in ♂♂; in ♂♂ slender and roughly uniform in diameter, in ♀♀ variable, either almost uniform in width or ± swollen pre-medially. Posterior margins of mesonotum and metanotum distinctly inflated and forming a transverse bulge; on metanotum in ♀♀ occasionally protruded into an obtuse, glossy median protuberance. Mesosternum of both sexes simple and granulose/nodulose ( Fig. 83F–G View FIGURE 83 ). Tegmina of ♂♂ oval with the apex sub-truncated and with a ± pronounced central hump; alae at least reaching to anterior of abdominal segment VI. Median segment of ♀♀ slightly longer than metanotum, much longer than metanotum in ♂♂. Abdominal segments II–VII longer than wide and ± uniform in width. Tergum VI in both sexes with a pair of posterior swellings or protuberances ( Figs. 28C–D, F–G View FIGURE 28 ); sometimes also with a rounded lobe posterolaterally. Praeopercular organ of ♀♀ moderate and represented by two closely spaced, obtusely conical projections near posterior margin of sternum VII ( Figs. 90D–F View FIGURE 90 ). Terminalia of ♀♀ ( Figs. 28C–H View FIGURE 28 ): Combined length of terga VIII–X notably excelling length of tergum VII. Anal segment wider than long with the lateral margins distinctly deflexed into a sub-truncated lobe and the posterior portion narrowed with a median indention. Epiproct small, shield-shaped, transverse and just slightly projecting over posterior margin of anal segment. Cerci small, obtuse and round in cross-section. Gonapophyses VIII strongly elongated, filiform, tri-carinate in cross-section and projecting considerably beyond apex of abdomen ( Figs. 28 View FIGURE 28 CD, F–G). Gonapophyses IX scarcely longer than gonoplacs and gonoplacs moderately enlarged, compressed laterally and slightly paddle-shaped. Subgenital plate strongly keel longitudinally and variable in length, projecting over apex of abdomen by at least the length of anal segment, but usually much longer may project by as much as almost the combined length of four terminal terga; shape variable with lateral margins ± undulate to lobate and apex obtuse. Terminalia of ♂♂ ( Figs. 28J–L View FIGURE 28 , 94E View FIGURE 94 ): Three terminal abdominal segments club-like, broader than all preceding segments and taken together longer than VII. VIII distinctly trapezoidal and widened towards the posterior. Anal segment narrowed posteriorly with the posterior margin notched medially, bilobate and the swollen outer angles minutely denticulate ventrally. Epiproct very small and almost wholly concealed under anal segment. Cerci obtuse, round in cross-section at the base with the apex shovel-shaped and conspicuously impressed interiorly ( Fig. 94E View FIGURE 94 ); scarcely projecting beyond apex of anal segment. Vomer basically triangular in shape with one or two closely spaced short terminal hooks ( Figs. 28L View FIGURE 28 , 94E View FIGURE 94 ). Poculum large, bulgy and roundly cup-shaped with the posterior margin entire and ± labiate, at least slightly projecting over posterior margin of tergum IX. Legs moderately stocky in ♂♂, comparatively more robust with all carinae more pronounced and ± lamellate in ♀♀. Metatibiae in ♂♂ at best scarcely projecting beyond apex of abdomen. All carinae of mid and hind legs minutely granulose. Two outer ventral carinae of meso- and metafemora terminating in a ± distinct triangular apical lobe, the posterodorsal carina with a ± pronounced sub-apical tooth and the medioventral carina sparsely set with small granules. Basitarsi at least as long as following three tarsomeres combined (relatively slenderer and elongate in ♂♂) and with a ± rounded and deflexed corsal carina (more pronounced in ♀♀).

Differentiation. Closely related and morphologically very similar to Hirtuleius Stål, 1875 but readily differing by the granulose/nodulose head of both sexes (smooth in Hirtuleius ). Females can also be distinguished by the slightly stockier shape with the mesothorax being at best 4x longer than the prothorax, distinctly inflated posterior margins of the meso- and metanotum, and presence of a pair of protuberances on abdominal tergum VI ( Figs. 28 View FIGURE 28 CD, F–G). Males moreover differ by the granulose to nodulose thoracic segments (smooth in Hirtuleius ), simple mesosternum (keeled medio-longitudinally in Hirtuleius ), cerci that have the apex shovel-like with a distinct oval impression on the interior surface ( Fig. 94E View FIGURE 94 ), and the basically triangular vomer, which has one or two very closely spaced terminal hooks (rectangular with a terminal hook at each posterolateral angle in Hirtuleius ).

In various aspects, i. e. the granulose to nodulose head and thoracic segments and morphology of the limbs, this new genus also resembles Cladomorphus Gray, 1835 . It can however be separated by the much smaller size and more robust body, notably shorter mesothorax and not bi-cornute vertex of both sexes. Females also differ from those of Cladomorphus by lacking a crenulate swelling or protuberance on abdominal tergum V but having two posterior protuberances on tergum VI instead, less prominent praeopercular organ and straight, entire lateral margins of the subgenital plate (undulate in Cladomorphus ). Males are readily distinguished by lacking the conspicuous apical appendix of the poculum seen in Cladomorphus .

Comments. Eggs unknown.

Distribution ( Fig. 102C View FIGURE 102 ). Brazil, French Guiana, NE-Peru and Colombia. This genus appears to be distributed throughout most of the Amazon Basin including the eastern slopes of the Andes in Colombia and Peru. Most certainly also present in Ecuador, but no records are available so far.

Species included: