Tiomaniella ladam, Grall & Jäger, 2022

Grall, Elena & Jäger, Peter, 2022, Four new genera of Heteropodinae Thorell, 1873 from Malaysia, Brunei and Papua New Guinea (Araneae: Sparassidae), Zootaxa 5169 (1), pp. 1-25 : 16-21

Tiomaniella ladam spec. nov.

Figs 66–81 , 94–98

Type material. MALAYSIA: Pahang: Holotype male ( SD 1471 ) : Pulau Tioman, pied du Gunung , rain forest, N02°47.181’, E104°07.892’, 160 m, 2 October 2001, L. Monod, field number TM-17 ( MHNG) . Paratypes (1 male, 3 females): 1 female ( SD 1472 ) , with same data as for holotype ( MHNG) . MALAYSIA: Pahang: 1 male ( SD 1474 ) , Tioman Island, Westside , 2 km SE of Kg. Genting, N02°47’, E104°08’, 100 m, 28 June 2001, A. Schulz & K. Vock leg., field number M01-71 ( SMF) ; 2 females with same data as for previous specimen, except: 1 female 26 June 2001 with field number M01–39 ( MHNG) ; 1 female ( SD 1473 ) 26 June 2001 with field number M01–40 ( SMF) .

Etymology. The species name refers to the Malayan word “ladam” meaning “horse shoe” and refers to the brown U-shaped patterning of the prosoma; term in apposition.

Diagnosis. Tiomaniella ladam spec. nov. may be recognised by the following combination of characters: Males ( Figs 66–69 ): 1. Distinct, apically fanned conductor homologue arising in 1-o’clock-position from tegulum, 2. TA arising centrally, with broad base and retrolatero-distad acute tip, 3. Dorsal branch of RTA as long as ventral branch (best seen in retrolateral view). Females ( Figs 70–72 ): 1. Epigyne with epigynal pockets running from laterally to postero-medially, 2. Lateral lobes extending not in anterior half of epigyne and 3. Internal duct system only fused anteriorly at ventral part.

Description. Male (holotype): TL 5.3; PL 2.7, PW 2.5, AW 1.3; OL 2.6, OW 1.6. Eye measurements ( Fig. 73 ): AME 0.13; ALE 0.20; PME 0.11; PLE 0.25; AME–AME 0.13; AME–ALE 0.05; PME–PME 0.21; PME–PLE 0.26; AME–PME 0.20; ALE–PLE 0.21; clypeus AME 0.16; clypeus ALE 0.14. Leg formula: 2431. Measurements of palp and legs: palp: 4.00 (1.10, 0.70, 0.80, 1.40); I: 8.65 (2.40, 1.10, 2.20, 2.10, 0.85); II: 10.70 (3.00, 1.30, 2.90, 2.60, 0.90); III: 8.95 (2.60, 1.15, 2.30, 2.10, 0.80); IV: 9.20 (2.60, 1.00, 2.40, 2.40, 0.80). Spination: palp: 131, 101, 2111; legs: Fe I 323, Fe II & III 222, Fe IV 221; Pa I–IV 000; Ti I & II 1026, Ti III & IV 2126; Mt I & II 1026, Mt III & Mt IV 3036. Cheliceral furrow with 3 promarginal, 5 retromarginal teeth, 16 intermarginal denticles and 1 escort seta ( Fig. 78 ). Retrolateral claw of right leg I with 11 teeth ( Fig. 75 ). Trilobate membrane of left leg I with short and narrow median hook, shorter than lateral projections ( Fig. 80 ).

Palp as in diagnosis ( Figs 66–69 ). RTA arising subdistally from tibia, with two branches, both latter connected with a concave margin. Cymbium roughly twice as long as tibia, with enormous retrolateral bulge and small retroproximal projection. Subtegulum sail-shaped, covers half of the embolus length in ventral view, tip filiform elongated parallel to embolus tip. Median part of tegulum bulging prolaterally. Spermophor distinctly S-shaped. Embolus basally wide, then filiform, running a semicircle, its tip close to conductor homologue.

Colouration in ethanol ( Figs 94–95 ): Prosoma yellowish-brown, latero-posteriorly with brown U-shaped pattern, medially with brown longitudinal stripe, lateral margin with three dark brown dots. Sternum yellow. Opisthosoma grey with brown spots, medially with grey longitudinal stripe, posteriorly with grey dot, ventral part grey, laterally with brown stripes. Chelicerae yellowish-brown. Coxa dorsally with brown spots. Palps yellowish-brown. Legs yellowish-brown; Ti distally reddish-brow; Mt & Ta reddish-brown.

Female (paratype): TL 6.0; PL 2.6, PW 2.5 , AW 1.5 ; OL 3.4 , OW 2.2 . Eye measurements ( Fig. 74 ): AME 0.16; ALE 0.23; PME 0.14; PLE 0.27; AME–AME 0.12; AME–ALE 0.04; PME–PME 0.19; PME–PLE 0.32; AME– PME 0.21; ALE–PLE 0.23; clypeus AME 0.15; clypeus ALE 0.13. Leg formula: 2431; measurements of palp and legs: palp: 4.10 (1.10, 0.70, 1.00, 1.30); I: 8.55 (2.30, 1.20, 2.25, 2.00, 0.80); II: 10.20 (2.80, 1.30, 2.70, 2.50, 0.90); III: 9.20 (2.60, 1.20, 2.40, 2.20, 0.80); IV: 9.30 (2.50, 1.10, 2.30, 2.50, 0.90). Spination: palp: 131, 101, 2121, 1004; legs: Fe I 323, Fe II & III 222, Fe IV 221; Pa I–V 000; Ti I 1004, Ti II 0004, Ti III 2026, Ti IV 2125; Mt I & II 0004, Mt III 1006, MT IV 3036. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal, 4 retromarginal teeth, 22 intermarginal denticles and 1 escort seta ( Fig. 79 ). Palpal claw with 6 long and 1–2 short teeth ( Fig. 76 ). Retrolateral claw of left leg I with 13 teeth ( Fig. 77 ). Trilobate membrane of left leg I with short and narrow median hook, slightly shorter than lateral projections ( Fig. 81 ).

Copulatory organ as in diagnosis ( Figs 70–72 ). Epigynal field slightly wider than long, with distinct anterior bands. Many “fusion bubbles” situated almost over entire epigyne. Lateral lobes posteriorly with median indentation. Internal duct system nearly as long as wide. Dorsal part of ducts S-shaped. Fertilization ducts arising posteromedially, long and curved.

Colouration in ethanol ( Figs 96–97 ): Prosoma yellowish-brown, latero-posteriorly with brown U-shaped pattern, medially with brown longitudinal stripe, lateral margin with three dark brown spots. Sternum yellow, margin light brown. Opisthosoma brown with yellowish-white spots, medially with white longitudinal stripe, ventral part yellowish-brown, laterally with brown spots. Chelicerae yellowish-brown, right chelicera with three brown dots. Coxa dorsally with brown spots. Palps yellowish-brown; Fe prolaterally, retrolaterally and distally with brown dots; Mt distal part reddish-brown. Legs yellowish-brown; Fe medially and distally with brown band; Pa prolaterally and retrolaterally brown; Ti I–III distally and proximally with brown band, Ti IV only distal part with brown band; Mt and Ta reddish-brown.

Variation. Male (n = 1): TL 4.85; PL 2.45, PW 2.4; OL 2.4, OW 1.4. Measurements leg I: total length 8.20, Fe 2.20, Pa 1.10, Ti 2.40, Mt 2.00, Ta 0.80. Spination: palp: Ti 1121; legs: Fe I 322, Ti I 2026, Ti II 2026; Mt I 2026, Mt II 2026. Females (n = 2): TL 6.0–6.8; PL 2.6–3.1, PW 2.5–2.9, AW 1.5–1.7; OL 3.3–3.7, OW 2.2–2.5. Measurements leg I: total length 8.55–9.55, Fe 2.30–2.60, Pa 1.20–1.30, Ti 2.25–2.50, Mt 2.00–2.30, Ta 0.75–0.85. Spination: palp: Mt 1014; legs: Fe II 223; Ti I 1006, Ti II 006, Ti IV 2135; Mt III 2006, 2016.

Distribution. Known only from the type locality ( Fig. 98 : red triangle).

Figures

FIGURE 98. Distribution of the new genera and species in Malaysia, Brunei and Papua New Guinea.

FIGURES 66–69. Tiomaniella ladam gen. & spec. nov. holotype male from Tioman Island. 66–68 Left male palp (66 prolateral, 67 ventral, 68 retrolateral); 69 Embolus tip, ventral. C—conductor, E—embolus, rB—retrolateral bulge of cymbium, rpP—retro-proximal projection of cymbium, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, S—spermophor, ST—subtegulum, acting as functional conductor, TA—tegular apophysis.

FIGURES 70–72. Tiomaniella ladam gen. & spec. nov. female paratype from Tioman Island. 70 Epigyne, ventral; 71 Vulva, dorsal; 72 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal. CO—copulatory opening, EF—epigynal field, EP—epigynal pock- et, FB— fusion bubbles, FD—fertilization ducts, GA—glandular appendages, SP—spermatheca.

FIGURES 73–81. Tiomaniella ladam gen. & spec. nov. holotype male (73, 75, 78, 80) and female paratype (74, 76–77, 79, 81) from Tioman Island. 73–74 Eyes, dorsal; 75–77 Claws (75 right leg I, retrolateral claw, retrolateral; 76 left palp, prolateral; 77 left leg I, retrolateral claw, retrolateral); 78–79 Left chelicera, ventral (79 escort setae not pictured); 80–81 trilobate membrane, distal metatarsus of leg I, dorsal (78 right, 79 left).

FIGURES 82–97. Heteropodinae gen. & spp. nov., habitus (dorsal and ventral, respectively). 82–85 Borniella parva gen. & spec. nov.; 86–89 Menarik kecil gen. & spec. nov.; 90–93 Micropoda davisae gen. & spec. nov.; 94–97 Tiomaniella ladam gen. & spec. nov. (82–83, 86–87, 90–91, 94–95 holotype male, 84–85, 88–89, 92–93, 96–97 female paratype).