Sabacon zateevi, Trilikauskas & Azarkina, 2021

Trilikauskas, Laimonas A. & Azarkina, Galina N., 2021, The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989, Zootaxa 4990 (1), pp. 117-133 : 126-132

Sabacon zateevi sp. nov.

Figures 18–21 , 25–27 , 31–33 , 41–44 , 50, 56 , 64–65 , 69–71 , Map 2

Type. Holotype ♂ ( ISEA O.001.0280), Russia, Altai Republic, Ust’-Koksa District, upper reaches of Katun’ River, Katunsky Biosphere Reserve , Zaichikha River mouth, [49°37’08.3”N, 85°43’03.8”E], 1302 m a.s.l., 16– 26.VIII.2020, L.A. Trilikauskas.

Paratypes. RUSSIA: Altai Republic: Ust’ - Koksa District: 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0281), Katunsky Biosphere Reserve, head of Ozernaya River, vicinities of Taimenye Lake , middle reaches of Kharyuzovka River , [49°48’53.6”N, 85°47’42.0”E], 1652–1660 m a.s.l., 11.VIII.2019, L.A. Trilikauskas ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( MMUE G7650.1 ) , 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0282), adjacent territory of Katunsky Biosphere Reserve, SE shore of Taimenye Lake , [49°48’08.2”N, 85°48 ’00.5”E], 1551 m a.s.l., 7 – 13.VIII.2019, L.A. Trilikauskas ; 1 ♂ ( ISEA O.001.0283), Katunsky Biosphere Reserve, upper reaches of Katun’ River, Katunsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve , Zaichikha River mouth, [49°37’08.3”N, 85°43’03.8”E], 1302 m a.s.l., 19.VIII.2020, L.A. Trilikauskas ; 1 ♂ ( ISEA O.001.0285) , 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0284), same but 17.VIII.2020, L.A. Trilikauskas ; 3 ♂ ( ISEA O.001.0286), 32 km SSW of Ust’ - Koksa, upper reaches of Petrushkina River , [50°03’N, 85°21-22’E], 1400-1500 m a.s.l., forest, 5-6.VI.2005, R.Y. Dudko ; 1 ♂ ( ISEA O.001.0287), 25 km SSW of Ust’ - Koksa, NE slope of Kabanukha Mt. , [50°05’N, 85°24’E], 1850-1950 m a.s.l., forest, 28-29.V.2005, R.Y. Dudko .

Comparative material: Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 ( Figs 16–17 , 22–24 , 28–30 , 34–40 , 45–49, 51–55 , 57–63 , 66–68 , Map 2): RUSSIA: Novosibirsk Area: Bolotnoye District: 4 ♂, 2 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0258) near Bolshaya Chyornaya, [55°57’49”N, 84°25’24”E], Pinus sibirica forest, pitfall traps, 16–31.V.2015, L.A. Trilikauskas. Tomsk Area: Tomsk District: 9 ♂, 7 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0274), Anikino vicinities, mixed forest, near spring, 20–30.VI.2000 (A.N. Tchemeris) ; 4 ♂, 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0275), same but 25.VI.1994, S.Y. Rakov ; 1 ♂ ( ISEA O.001.0276), same but 10.VI.1994, S.Y. Rakov; 4 ♂, 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0050), same but 21–23.VI.1995, S.Y. Rakov. Altai Territory: Charyshskoe District : 1 ♂ ( ISEA O.001.0259), Bashchelak Mt. Range, ca. 30 km NWW of Sentelek, Zagrikha Mt. , [51°15’N, 84°11’E], 1700 m a.s.l., sparse forest, 28.VI.2000, G.N. Azarkina ; 1 ♂ ( ISEA O.001.0260), 10 km S of Tigirek, upper reaches of Malyi Tigirek River , [ca. 51°03’N, 82°59’E], 1000–1400 m a.s.l., stone stream (kurum), 19–21.VI.2000, A.N. Tchemeris ; 1 ♂ ( ISEA O.001.0261), Malyi Tigirek River valley, [ca. 51°06’N, 83°02’E], 500–1000 m a.s.l., bank of river, on stone covered with moss, 16–18.VIII.2000, R.Y. Dudko ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0262), Korgon Mt. Range, Gorelyi Korgon River valley, [51°00.01’N, 83°48.49’E], 1.VII.2011, R.Y. Dudko. Altai Republic: Choya District : 1 ♂ ( ISEA O.001.0257), near Uskuch Vil. , [52°02’07”N, 86°54’30”E], detritus scree, 30.IV.–02.V.2011, L.A. Trilikauskas. Turochak District : 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0002), ca. 4 km SW of Kebezen’ , [51°53’11.5”N, 87°02’55.9”E], 450 m a.s.l., Pinus-Abies- birch forest, pitfall traps, 21.VI.– 6.VII.2004, S.B. Ivanov ; 3 ♂, 2 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0001), ca. 2 km SEE of Kebezen’ , [51°54’06.1”N, 87°07’54.0”E], 500 m a.s.l., Pinus forest, pitfall traps, 21.V.–6.VI.2004, S.B. Ivanov ; 1 ♂ ( ISEA O.001.0263), ca. 2 km SW of Kebezen’ , [51°53’11.5”N, 87°02’55.9”E], Abies -aspen forest, pitfall traps, 5–22.VIII.2004, S.B. Ivanov ; 2 ♂, 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0026), ca. 4 km NNW of Kebezen’ , [51°57’00.8”N, 87°04’37.3”E], Pinus -birch forest, pitfall traps, 7–19.VI.2004, S.B. Ivanov ; 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0030) , 2 ♂ ( ISEA O.001.0029) , 4 ♂, 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0018), near Obogo, Valley of Pyzha River , [51°31.355’N, 87°17.737’E], 980 m a.s.l., birch-aspen valley forest, pitfall traps, 20.VI.–6.VII.2003, 6–23.VII.2003, S.B. Ivanov ; 18 ♂, 9 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0264) , 2 ♂, 2 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0051), same but Picea -birch valley forest, 17.V.–26.VII.2003, 1–20.VI.2003, S.B. Ivanov ; 1 ♂ ( ISEA O.001.0009) , 1 ♂ ( ISEA O.001.0017), ca. 1.2 km E of Obogo , [51°31.259’N, 87°18.458’E], Abies-Pinus sibirica forest, logging area, 950 m a.s.l., pitfall traps, 1–20.VI.2003, 6–23.VII.2003, S.B. Ivanov ; 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0005), ca. 5.5 km SW of Obogo , [51°30.048’N, 87°13.216’E], Abies-Pinus sibirica forest, 860 m a.s.l., pitfall traps, 23.VI.–14.VII.2004, S.B. Ivanov ; 6 ♂, 2 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0265), ca. 8.8 NEE of Obogo , [51°33.072’N, 87°24.678’E], 1270 m a.s.l., Picea-Abies- Pinus sibirica forest, pitfall traps, 21.VI.–7.VII.2003, S.B. Ivanov ; 2 ♂, 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0024), ca. 15 km NE of Obogo , [51°36.61’N, 87°26.395’E], Betula rotundifolia tundra, 1870 m a.s.l., pitfall traps, 21.VI.–8.VII.2003, S.B. Ivanov ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0031), head of Archa Mt. , [51°31.595’N, 87°26.316’E], 1840 m a.s.l., sparse forest with meadows and Betula rotundifolia , pitfall traps, 19.V.–2.VI.2003, S.B. Ivanov ; 2 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0266), same but Pinus sibirica forest, [51°32.865’N, 87°25.742’E], 1600 m a.s.l., 16.V.–2.VI.2003, S.B. Ivanov ; 3 ♂, 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0028), ca. 14 km SW of Iogach, near Suuchak , [51°41’21.6”N, 87°07’13.6”E], birch-aspen forest, old fire site, pitfall traps, 11–22.VI.2004, S.B. Ivanov. Shebalino District : 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0267), Seminsky Mt. Range, near Kamlak, Kamyshlinskoe Plateau , Dezertirnaya cave, [ca. 51°42’N, 85°34’E], 25.VI.2015, I.S. Turbanov. Ulagan District : 2 ♂, 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0098), Altai Nature Reserve, right bank of Bayas River , [ca. 51°20’N, 87°52’E], Pinus sibirica forest, 20– 23.08.2011, S.M. Ponomareva ; 1 ♂ ( ISEA O.001.0105), Altai Nature Reserve, Kyga River basin, Malaya Kolyushta Mt. , [ca. 51°16’N, 87°58’E], mountain stony tundra, 25–28.VI.2011, S.M. Ponomareva ; 1♂ ( ISEA O.001.0092), 2 km NW from Chiri , [ca. 51°22’N, 87°49’E], pine forest, 22.VI.–6.VII.2011, S.M. Ponomareva. RUSSIA: Kemerovo Area : 2 ♂, 2 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0269), Mezhdurechensk vicinity, right bank of Usa River , 3 km from mouth, [ca. 53°42’N, 88°02’E], 23.IX.1997, R.Y. Dudko, I.I. Lyubechanskii. Tashtagol District : 7 ♂, 9 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0255), Shorsky National Park, near Verkhniy Taimet, Biyskaya Griva Mt. Range , [52°26’18.2”N, 88°17’42.5”E], Pinus sibirica forest, pitfall traps, 19.IX.–11.X.2016, L.A. Trilikauskas ; 1♀ ( ISEA O.001.0161) same but 22.VIII.2013, L.A. Trilikauskas ; 5♂ 6♀ ( ISEA O.001.0152) same but 7–15.VI.2013, L.A. Trilikauskas ; 79 ♂, 64 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0256), Shorsky National Park, near Verkhniy Taimet , Populus tremula- Abies sibirica forest (chernevaya taiga), [52°26.309’N, 88°17.695’E], 9–19.VI.2016, L.A. Trilikauskas ; 3♂ 3♀ ( ISEA O.001.0118) same but Pinus sibirica forest, 8–18.VI.2012, L.A. Trilikauskas ; 5 ♂, 5 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0117), Shorsky National Park, Mrassu River valley, mouth of Kubansu River , [ca. 52°28’N, 88°41’E], dark coniferous forest, 22–26.VII.2012, L.A. Trilikauskas ; 2♂ 3♀ ( ISEA O.001.0052) , 6 ♂, 4 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0268), near “ Mednaya ”, [ca. 52°52’N, 88°23’E], Pinus sibirica-Abies forest, pitfall traps, 3–10.VI.2010, L.A. Trilikauskas ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0154), Sheregesh vicinity, subalpine Picea sibirica forest, [ca. 52°57’N, 88°02’E], 26.VII.–1.VIII.2013, L.A. Trilikauskas. Republic of Khakassia: Ust’-Abakanskiy District : 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0270), Kuznetskiy Alatau Mt. Range, 20 km NE of Balyksu, right tributary of Kainzas River , [ca. 53°36’N, 89°20’E], 1000 m a.s.l., forest, 22–23.V.1997, R.Y. Dudko ; 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0271), Kuznetskiy Alatau , 7–20 km NE of Balyksu, Terensug River valley, [ca. 53°30’N, 89°19’E], 24.V.1997, R.Y. Dudko. Tashtypskiy District : 3 ♂ ( ISEA O.001.0272), Abakanskiy Mt. Range system, Choochek Mt. Range , 20 km SSE of Mrassu, [ca. 52°07’N, 88°33’E], bold mountain (golets), 1600–1800 m a.s.l., 7–19.VII.1999, D.E. Lomakin ; 2 ♂ ( ISEA O.001.0273), Abakanskiy Mt. Range , ca. 20 km SSE of Mrassu, [ca. 52°08’N, 88°38’E], upper line of forest, ca. 1500 m a.s.l., 16–20.VII.1999, D.E. Lomakin. KAZAKHSTAN: East Kazakhstan Province : 3 ♂ ( ISEA O.001.0279), Ivanovskiy Mt. Range, ca. 10 km S of Ridder [=Leninogorsk], [ca. 50°15’N, 83°29’E], Abies-Larix forest , 1700 m a.s.l., 30–31.V.1996, R.Y. Dudko ; 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0277), Ivanovskiy Mt. Range, upper reaches of Gromotukha River , [ca. 50°12’N, 83°45’E–50°14’N, 83°47.5’E], Larix forest, 1400–1800 m a.s.l., 3–5.VI.1996, R.Y. Dudko ; 1 ♀ ( ISEA O.001.0278), ca. 15 km NE of Ridder [=Leninogorsk], Belaya Uba River valley, Poperechnoe , [ca. 50°26’N, 83°47’E], 9.VI.1996, R.Y. Dudko .

Etymology. The species is named in honour of Aleksandr V. Zateev, the director of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve, who greatly helped the first author during fieldwork in the reserve.

Diagnosis. Sabacon zateevi sp. nov. is morphologically similar to S. sergeidedicatum , differs in shape of penis—subparallel lateral sides in S. sergeidedicatum and club-shaped in S. zateevi sp. nov. —cheliceral glands and palpal coxa. The main diagnostic characters to differentiate between the two species are given in Table 1 .

Description. MALE (Holotype). Measurements. Body 3.10 long, 1.7 wide. Cephalothorax 2.00 long. Eye tubercle 0.25 wide. Clypeus (space between the ocularium and the front margin of the carapace) 0.08 long. Chelicera: basal segment 0.70 long; distal segment 0.57 long; forceps 0.35 long. Penis 1.85 long, 0.12 wide at its base.

Body almost white. Carapace with a light brownish grey (in holotype) to dark grey ( Fig. 19 ) trapezoidal spot; scutum and free tergites slightly tinged with grey (holotype) to dark brown stripe (in some paratypes; Figs 18 and 19 , respectively). Ocularium black. Groups of short setae on both sides of the ocularium in the anterior part of the propeltidium. Scutum and free tergites with transverse rows of setae. Coxae of walking legs with short setae, with decreasing density from the first to the fourth leg.

Scutum oval. Carapace smooth. Metapeltidium medially with a pair of sensory cones.

Chelicerae. Whitish. Basal segment dorsally with cheliceral gland occupying half of its length. Cheliceral gland with numerous setae. Distal segment wide, almost flat retrolaterally, prolaterally with a projection situated in its apical half.

Pedipalps grey. Palpal patella distally with ventral black teeth. Holotype has two teeth on one pedipalp and four on the other. Paratypes have three teeth on all palps. Palpal coxa with a small, hump-like projection.

Legs grey. Cylindrical in cross-section with longitudinal rows of setae.

FEMALE (Paratype, ISEA 001.8563). In general appearance, similar to the male but larger. Palpal patella without black teeth. Basal segment of chelicerae without cheliceral gland dorsally. Ovipositor as illustrated in Fig. 71 .

Habitat and biology. The species is occasionally collected in pitfall traps in subalpine spruce forests. It was hand-collected in these forests exclusively from logs of conifers. Some specimens were also found among stones and plant residues on an island in the floodplain of a small river and on pebbles at the confluence of streams running towards Taimenye Lake. Records of subadult and adult males in the spring and early juveniles in the autumn indicate that the species overwinters at an active stage. Thus, the life cycle of S. zateevi sp. nov. seems to be similar to that of S. sergeidedicatum (see Trilikauskas 2017). All habitats are located from 1300 to 1950 m a.s.l.

Comments. We re-studied material of S. sergeidedicatum from Chemeris & Logunov (2001) (except for the Holotype) as well as additional material from ISEA. Our investigation shows that figures 22 and 23 are actually macrographs of the right ( Fig. 22 ) and left ( Fig. 23 ) palps taken from retrolateral and prolateral views, respectively. Moreover, our study of many specimens from populations throughout the species’ range shows intraspecific variation in such important taxonomical characters as shape, size and proportions of penis ( Figs 34–40 ), shape of male’s chelicerae ( Figs 45–49, 51–55 ) and male’s palpal coxae ( Figs 57–62 ). Only one exception among thousands of specimens was found: palpal coxae of one male from Shorsky National Park (Kemerovo Area, Russia) shows absence of arrowhead-shaped basal knob, which might be considered a developmental anomaly. The apical part of arrowhead-shaped basal knob seems to be lost in old specimens (see Figs 57 and 60 ) but the basal part always stays intact .

Specimens from Kholzun Mt. Range differ from both S. sergeidedicatum and S. zateevi sp. nov. and most likely belong to a new underscribed species. Description of this species is beyond the aims of this paper and will be made in a separate paper.

The Altai Mountains have a large degree of endemism in other invertebrate taxa, e.g. spiders (see Marusik et al. 2004; Marusik & Fomichev 2010; Marusik et al. 2014, 2019), beetles (see Dudko & Shilenkov 2001; Dudko 2006, Dudko 2011) etc. Finding a new species was not surprising to us. Moreover it is possible that more new species will be revealed especially from the poorly studied Mongolian part of Altai.

Figures

FIGURES 16–21. General appearances of Sabacon sergeidedicatumMartens, 1989 (16–17)and S. zateevi sp. nov. (18 Holotype, 19–21 paratypes): 16, 18–19 Males; 17, 20–21 Females. Scales: 1 mm.

FIGURES 22–27. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 (22–24) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (25–27, paratype from ISEA), scanning electron macrographs: 22, 25 Chelicera, retrolateral view; 23, 26 Palp, retrolateral view; 24, 27 Palpal patella, retrolatero-ventral view. Scales: 0.5 mm (22–23, 25–26), 0.1 (24, 27).

FIGURES 28–33. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 (28–30) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (paratype from ISEA, 31–33), SEM micrographs: 28, 31 Male palpal coxae, retrolateral view; 29, 32 Glans penis, dorsal view, 30, 33 Same, lateral view. Scales: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 34–44. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 (34–40: 34–36 Shorsky National Park; 37 Khakassia ISEA O.001.0272; 38 near Iogach ISEA O.001.0028; 39 Kazakhstan ISEA O.001.0279; 40 Tomsk ISEA O.001.0274) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (male Holotype 41–42 and male paratype ISEA O.001.0286 43–44): 34, 36–40, 41, 43 Penis, dorsal view; 35, 42, 44 Same, lateral view; Scales: 1 mm.

FIGURES 45–56. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 (45–49, 51–55: 45, 51 Tomsk ISEA O.001.0274; 46, 52 Shorsky National Park ISEA O.001.0255; 47, 53 Khakassia ISEA O.001.0272; 48, 54 near Iogach ISEA O.001.0028; 49, 55 Kazakhstan ISEA O.001.0279) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (male paratype ISEA O.001.0286 50, 56): 45–50 Chelicera, retrolateral view; 51–56 Same, dorso-prolateral view. Scales: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 57–65. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 (male 57–62, female 63: 57 Tomsk ISEA O.001.0274; 58–59 Shorsky National Park ISEA O.001.0255; 60 Khakassia ISEA O.001.0272; 61, 63 near Iogach ISEA O.001.0028; 62 Kazakhstan ISEA O.001.0279) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (64 male paratype ISEA O.001.0286; 65 female paratype ISEA O.001.0281): 57–62, 64 Male palpal coxae, retrolateral view; 63, 65 Female palpal coxae, retrolateral view. Scales: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 66–71. Sabacon sergeididicatum Martens, 1989 (66–68) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (female paratype ISEA O.001.0281 69–71): 66, 69 Female chelicera, retrolateral view; 67, 70 Same, dorso-prolateral view; 68, 71 Ovipositor, ventral view. Scales: 0.5 mm (66–67, 69–70), 0.1 mm (68, 71).