Olivierus przewalskii ( Birula, 1897 )

Tang, Victoria, Liu, Zhenbang, Graham, Matthew R., Fet, Victor, Kovařík, František & Šťáhlavský, František, 2024, Revision of the genus Olivierus in Xinjiang, China, with comments on Mesobuthus thersites (Scorpiones: Buthidae), Euscorpius 383, pp. 1-58 : 26

Olivierus przewalskii ( Birula, 1897)

( Figures 49–96 , 99–100 , 111–114 , 117–118 , 140–149 , 155–156 ; Tables 1–3, 5)

Figures

Figures 49–52: Olivierus przewalskii (Birula, 1897), habitus under white light. Figures 49–50. Male from Ghulja (Yining) County, in dorsal (49) and ventral (50) views. Figures 51–52. Female from Yarkant (Shache) County, in dorsal (51) and ventral (52) views. Scale bar = 20 mm.

Figures 53–56: Olivierus przewalskii (Birula, 1897), carapace of male (53, 55) from Ghulja (Yining) County and female (54, 56) from Yarkant (Shache) County. Figures 53–54. Under white light. Figures 55–56. Under UV light. Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figures 57–58. Olivierus przewalskii (Birula, 1897), tergites of male from Ghulja (Yining) County (57) and female from Yarkant (Shache) County (58) under white light. Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figures 59–60. Olivierus przewalskii (Birula, 1897), tergites of male from Ghulja (Yining) County (59) and female from Yarkant (Shache) County (60) under UV light.

Figures 61–64: Olivierus przewalskii (Birula, 1897), pectines of male (61, 63) from Ghulja (Yining) County and female (62, 64) from Yarkant (Shache) County. Figures 61–62. Under white light. Figures 63–64. Under UV light. Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figures 65–68: Olivierus przewalskii (Birula, 1897), sternites VI–VII of male from Ghulja (Yining) County (65, 67) and female from Yarkant (Shache) County (66, 68). Figures 65–66. Under white light. Figures 67–68. Under UV light. Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figures 69–76: Olivierus przewalskii (Birula, 1897), metasoma V in lateral (69, 73) and ventral (70, 74) views under white light, metasoma V in ventral view (71, 75) and metasoma II–III in lateral view under UV light (72, 76). Figures 69–72. Male from Ghulja (Yining) County. Figures 73–76. Female from Yarkant (Shache) County. Scale bars = 2 mm (69–70, 73–74) and 5 mm (72, 76).

Figures 77–90: Olivierus przewalskii (Birula, 1897), telson in lateral view (77, 84), chelicera in dorsal (78, 86) and ventral (79, 85) views, right pedipalp chela in dorsal (80, 87) and external (81, 88) views under white light, and dentate margin of movable finger under white (82, 89) and UV (83, 90) light. Figures 77–83. Male from Ghulja (Yining) County. Figures 84–90. Female from Yarkant (Shache) County. Scale bars = 5 mm (77, 81, 84, 88), 2 mm (82, 89) and 1 mm (78, 86).

Figures 91–96: Olivierus przewalskii (Birula, 1897), right pedipalp patella (91, 94) and femur (92, 95) in dorsal view under UV light, and telo- and basitarsi of right 3rd leg in retrolateral view under white light (93, 96). Figures 91–93. Male from Ghulja (Yining) County. Figures 94–96. Female from Yarkant (Shache) County. Scale bars = 2 mm.

Figures 97–100: Comparison of hemispermatophores between Olivierus longichelus (Sun & Zhu, 2010) and Olivierus przewalskii (Birula, 1897) in convex (97, 99) and concave (98, 100) aspects under white light. Figures 97–98. Male O. longichelus from Jinghe County. Figures 99–100. Male O. przewalskii from Ghulja (Yining) County. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Figures 111–112. Size comparison between two adult males of O. przewalskii from Makit. The hemispermatophore was retrieved from the smaller male, verifying the pronounced lobe as a credible indicator for sexual maturity in males of this species. Scale bar = 10 mm (Fig. 111).

Figures 113–114: Females of O. przewalskii from Yarkant (Shache). Figure 113. Size comparison between large adult female, small adult female and juvenile female (left to right). Figure 114. Smaller female after one-day immersion in pure ethanol with tergites removed, showing ovarian follicle, confirming the maturity of this size class; explicit ovariuterus was not successfully revealed.

Figures 115–119: Observations under captive condition. Figures 115–118. Behavioral response tests conducted on live specimens: tweezer clamping on metasoma and dorsoventrally on mesosoma. Figures 115–116. Male (115) and female (116) O. longichelus showed resistance and aggression. Figures 117–118. Female (117) and male (118) O. przewalskii remained immobile. Figure 119. Spontaneously clustered O. longichelus (left; including one M. thersites) and O. przewalskii (right) observed under captive condition at night, and a case of cannibalism in O. longichelus (middle).

Figures 140–145: Selected Olivierus przewalskii specimens from northern Xinjiang in vivo habitus. Figures 140–143. Specimens from Bole City: adult female (140), juvenile female (141) and adult males (142–143) of different sizes. Figures 144–145. Specimens from Ghulja (Yining) County: adult female (144) and male (145).

Figures 146–149: Selected Olivierus przewalskii specimens from southern Xinjiang in vivo habitus. Figures 146–148. Specimens from Yarkant (Shache) County: adult females (146–147) of different sizes and adult male (148). Figure 149. Specimen from Makit County: adult male.

Figures 155–156: Comparison between Olivierus longichelus, O. przewalskii and Mesobuthus thersites (left to right). Figure 155. Adult females. Figure 156. Adult males.