CETOPSINI BLEEKER, 1858

De Pinna, Mário C. C., Ferraris, Carl J. & Vari, Richard P., 2007, A phylogenetic study of the neotropical catfish family Cetopsidae (Osteichthyes, Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a new classification, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150 (4), pp. 755-813 : 803

TRIBE CETOPSINI BLEEKER, 1858

Diagnosis (Br: 4, jk: 86,bs: 83):

Anterior process of vomer expanding anteriorly and terminating in broad truncate margin (44, reversed in clade formed by Cetopsis baudoensis , C. fimbriata , C. oliveirai , C. candiru and C. coecutiens and in the clade formed by C. montana , C. orinoco , C. arcana and C. gobioides );

Developed anteriorly and extending to transverse line through anterior bony margin of first hypobranchial (62, reversed in Cetopsis oliveirai );

Lateral margins of second basibranchial expanded and forming convex lateral shelf (63, convergent in Helogeninae and Cetopsidium ferreirai , reversed in Cetopsis oliveirai );

Second dorsal-fin ray completely flexible and segmented, not forming spine (106, convergent in the Helogeninae and the outgroup Nematogenys inermis ).

Included genera: Cetopsis and Paracetopsis .

Genus Paracetopsis Bleeker, 1862

Paracetopsis Bleeker, 1862 (type species: Paracetopsis bleekeri Bleeker 1862 )

Paracetopsis Eigenmann & Bean, 1907 (type species: Cetopsis occidentalis Steindachner, 1880 ).

Cetopsogiton Eigenmann and Bean, 1910 (type species: Cetopsis occidentalis Steindachner, 1880 ).

Diagnosis (Br:> 5, bs: 100, jk: 100):

Supraoccipital spine with only vertical blade, lacking horizontal component (35, convergent in the outgroup Olivaichthys mesembrinus );

Lateral wings of vomer narrow, less than one-half width of premaxilla (46);

Anterior part of mesethmoid cornua with vertical ventral laminae (53);

Anterior margin of anterior process of vomer with jagged anterior margin (54);

Anterior ventral prezygapophysis of complex centrum thickened and with jagged distal margin (96);

Little or no membranous connection between posterior-most anal-fin ray and caudal peduncle (119, a reversal to State 0, three similar reversals occur in various subclades of Cetopsis ).

Genus Cetopsis Spix and Agassiz, 1829

Cetopsis Spix and Agassiz, 1829 (type species: Silurus coecutiens Lichtenstein, 1819 ).

Hemicetopsis Bleeker, 1862 (type species: Cetopsis candiru Spix and Agassiz, 1829 ).

Pseudocetopsis Bleeker, 1862 (type species: Cetopsis gobioides Kner, 1857 ).

Bathycetopsis Lundberg and Rapp Py-Daniel, 1994 (type species: Bathycetopsis oliveirai Lundberg and Rapp Py-Daniel, 1994 ).

Diagnosis (Br: 4, jk: 83,bs: 73):

Anterior cranial fontanel reduced or absent in adults (28, convergent with a subclade of Denticetopsis including all species in the genus except D. sauli );

Tip of supraoccipital spine bifurcated (36, convergent with a clade formed by all outgroups except Olivaichthys mesembrinus );

Posterior process on ventral limb of supracleithrum present and well-defined (57);

Contralateral parietal branches of laterosensory canal system converging posteromedially to midline and then running adpressed dorsally in soft tissue and adpressed to each other (59, reversed in Cetopsis oliveirai );

Anterior ventral transverse process of complex centrum present and relatively short, not or only barely extending laterally past lateral limit of tripus (90, convergent with an outgroup clade formed by Austroglanis barnardi , Bagrus bayad , Noturus flavus and Pimelodus ornatus );

Opercular opening reduced, with membranes broadly joined to isthmus, but with dorsal portion of opening extending dorsal to pectoral-fin base (123).

Included species: Cetopsis amphiloxa (Eigenmann) , Cetopsis arcana Vari, Ferraris, and de Pinna , Cetopsis baudoensis (Dahl) , Cetopsis caiapo Vari, Ferraris, and de Pinna , Cetopsis candiru Spix and Agassiz ( Fig. 38 ), Cetopsis coecutiens (Lichtenstein) ( Fig. 39 ), Cetopsis fimbriata Vari, Ferraris, and de Pinna , Cetopsis gobioides Kner , Cetopsis jurubidae (Fowler) , Cetopsis montana Vari, Ferraris, and de Pinna , Cetopsis motatanensis (Schultz) , Cetopsis oliveirai (Lundberg and Rapp Py-Daniel) ( Fig. 40 ), Cetopsis orinoco (Schultz) , Cetopsis othonops (Eigenmann) , Cetopsis parma Oliveira, Vari and Ferraris , Cetopsis pearsoni Vari, Ferraris, and de Pinna , Cetopsis plumbea Steindachner , Cetopsis sandrae Vari, Ferraris, and de Pinna ( Fig. 41 ), Cetopsis sarcodes Vari, Ferraris, and de Pinna , Cetopsis starnesi Vari, Ferraris, and de Pinna , and Cetopsis umbrosa Vari, Ferraris, and de Pinna.

Figures

Figure 38. Cetopsis candiru, FMNH 112635, mature male, 194 mm SL; Peru, Loreto, Río Pastaza basin.

Figure 39. Cetopsis coecutiens, MCNG 5262, 216 mm SL; Venezuela, Apure, Río Sarare.

Figure 40. Cetopsis oliveirai, MUSM 9033, 30.6 mm SL; Peru, Madre de Dios, Palma Real.

Figure 41. Cetopsis sandrae, MZUSP 83227, female, 75 mm SL; Brazil, Mato Grosso, Nova Mutum.