HELOGENINAE REGAN, 1911

De Pinna, Mário C. C., Ferraris, Carl J. & Vari, Richard P., 2007, A phylogenetic study of the neotropical catfish family Cetopsidae (Osteichthyes, Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a new classification, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150 (4), pp. 755-813 : 801

SUBFAMILY HELOGENINAE REGAN, 1911

Diagnosis (Br:> 5, jk: 100,bs: 100):

Teeth in anterior portion of outer row of dentary much larger and more widely spaced apart than other teeth of jaw (6);

Coronoid bone shifted laterally, visible in lateral view of lower jaw (8);

Coronoid process of lower jaw composed mostly of unossified ascending process of Meckel’s cartilage (9);

Hyoid branch of hyoideomandibular nerve on hyomandibula trespassing hyomandibula and running exposed on its lateral surface (convergent with Denticetopsini ) (18);

Interopercle extremely reduced anteroposteriorly, restructured into vertically elongated bone (24, State 2);

Frontals with large paired fontanels (31);

Sphenotic not contacting supraoccipital (34);

Posterior process of vomer reduced or absent (47);

Medial portion of mesethmoid unossified (49);

Lateral margins of second basibranchial expanded and forming convex lateral shelf (63, convergent with Cetopsidium ferreirai , and Cetopsini with a subsequent reversal in Cetopsis oliveirai ).

Posterior portion of third basibranchial and associated cartilage greatly expanded posteriorly (64);

Second hypobranchial entirely cartilaginous (67, convergent in Cetopsis sandrae );

Second hypobranchial with well-defined concavity anteriorly (68);

Association of branchiostegal rays with opercle without strong ligamentous connection (81, State 0, convergent in Denticetopsis sauli );

Distal portion of neural arches of fifth to eighth vertebrae with trabeculae (92);

Four or five pleural ribs (93, convergent in Denticetopsis sauli );

Dorsal fin located on posterior half of SL (105, State 2);

Second dorsal-fin ray completely flexible and segmented, not forming spine (106, convergent with Cetopsini ).

Included genus: Helogenes .

Genus Helogenes Günther, 1863

Helogenes Günther, 1863 (type species: Helogenes marmoratus Günther 1863 )

Leyvaichthys Dahl, 1960 (type species: Leyvaichthys castaneus Dahl 1960 ).

Diagnosis: see Helogeninae .

Included species: Helogenes castaneus (Dahl) , H. gouldingi Vari and Ortega , H. marmoratus Günther ( Fig. 34 ), H. uruyensis Fernández-Yépez.

Figures

Figure 34. Helogenes marmoratus, USNM 273057, 63.5 mm SL; Guyana, Potaro River.