Anisophyllea fallax Scott-Elliot (1893: 16)

Chen, Xin, He, Hai & Zhang, Li-Bing, 2015, A monograph of the Anisophylleaceae (Cucurbitales) with description of 18 new species of Anisophyllea, Phytotaxa 229 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

21. Anisophyllea fallax Scott-Elliot (1893: 16) ( Figure 40 )

Type :— MADAGASCAR. Anosy: Fort Dauphin (Tôlanaro), G. F. Scott Elliot 2811 (holotype K-000350185!) .

Heterotypic synonym:— Anisophyllea thouarsiana Baillon (1896 : t. 327). Type:—illustration in Baillon (1896: t. 327), lectotype, designated by Chen et al. (2013: 33).

Trees to 8 m tall, 15 cm in diam.; branches spreading, young branches densely with yellowish to reddish mixture of hairs (those of pannose appressed and to 0.16 mm long and those of pilose erect or ascending and to 0.6 mm long), glabrous when mature; buds densely pannose. Leaves dimorphic, internodes between similar types of leaves 0.6–1.5 cm long, between two adjacent different types of leaves 3–8 mm long; small leaves caducous, sessile, leaf blade linear or narrowly lanceolate, to 3 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, base acute, apex narrowly acuminate, margins ciliate, sparsely pannose with hairs to 0.3 mm long on both surfaces, lateral veins 2–3, obscure; large leaves petiolate, petiole 2–3 mm long, 0.8–1.0 mm in diam., densely pannose; leaf blade ovate or lanceolate, 4–7 cm long, 2.0– 3.5 cm wide, base acute, slightly oblique, apex acute or obtuse, margin ±revolute, ciliate when young, quite glabrescent when mature, coriaceous, pannose abaxially; main longitudinal veins 5–7, springing from blade base, inner veins impressed adaxially and distinctly raised abaxially, outermost two veins rather fine, close to blade margins and usually disappearing into blade margins when 6 or 7 main veins present, flat adaxially and prominent abaxially, midrib straight and lateral veins curved, all reaching blade apex and ending at a thickened glandular point; transverse veins parallel, at angles of 45–50° with midrib; veinlets reticulate, slightly prominent on both surfaces. Inflorescence an axillary spike, ascending; rachis 4–5 cm long, to 0.5 mm in diam., densely pannose with brownish hairs 0.1–0.2 mm long, rather numerously flowered; bracts narrowly lanceolate, 1.0– 1.3 mm long, to 0.4 mm wide, sparsely pannose, margins ciliate, each often with one supra-axillary flower, early deciduous; flower buds sub-globose and ±quadrangular, to 1.3 mm long, 1 mm in diam., pannose as rachis outside. Flowers polygamous or unisexual, female or bisexual flowers unknown; male flowers 4-merous; sepals deltoid, base shallowly connate, apex acute, to 1.2 mm long, glabrous adaxially, sparsely pannose abaxially, margins shortly ciliate; petals 1.0– 1.4 mm long, lower part entire, ca. 0.25 mm long, 0.3–0.5 mm wide, distally deeply 5–10 laciniate, laciniae irregularly threadlike, each resembling a stamen with filament-like lower part and ended with an anther-like swelling; stamens 8, ca. 0.8 mm long, base clavate, ±broadened, anthers ca. 0.25 mm long, glabrous;

MONOGRAPH OF ANISOPHYLLEACEAE

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disk lobed, glabrous; styles 4, subulate, ca. 0.3 mm long, ca. 0.25 mm in diam., glabrous. Fruit a drupe, ovate, to 2.3 cm long, to 1.6 cm in diam., obtuse at both ends, apex with persistent floral parts.

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CHEN ET AL.

Flowering and fruiting: —Throughout the year (with flowers in December and fruits in November based on the specimens examined).

Habitat and distribution: —Coastal and mountain forests; below 1150 m. Madagascar (e.g., Analanjirofo, Anosy, Vatovavy-Fitovinany) ( Figure 41 ).

Vernacular names: — Hazoharaka; Hazomamy.

Taxonomic notes: —This is the first species of Anisophyllea known from Madagascar and was described without comparison with any other species recognized at that time ( Scott-Elliot 1893: 16). It is geographically isolated from the species in Asia and western tropical Africa, and the laciniate nature of its petals is quite different from the best known African species A. laurina R. Br. ex Sabine (1824: 446) . The synonym A. thouarsiana was published by Baillon (1896: 327) with only an illustration but no description and no specimens cited. The illustration in the protologue was chosen as the lectotype of A. thouarsiana ( Chen et al. 2013) .

Additional specimens examined: — MADAGASCAR. Analanjirofo (Toamasina): bassin de la Rantabe, aux environs de Beanana, [15°44’00”S 49°28’00”E], 600–750 m, 24 February 1954, Service Forestier (Capuron) 9073 ( P, TEF) . Anosy: Fort-Dauphin, Com. Ampasinampoana, Fkt. Ampasinampoana, PK 13, route Fort Dauphin-St. Luce, 25°02’00”S 46°59’00”E,? 30 m, 30 November 2002, Richard Randrianaivo et al. 867 ( MO) ; Forêt d’Analalava (Foulpointe), 24°12’00”S 47°16’00”E, no date, no collector, s.n. ( P) ; Forêt d’Anena, Mahatalaky, Fort Dauphin , [24°58’00”S 47°05’00”E], Service Forestier 10863 ( P) . Vatovavy-Fitovinany (Fianarantsoa): Haute Matsiatra, Station Forestière d’Andrambovato, Tolongoina, Fort-Carnot, [21°31’00”S 47°25’00”E], Service Forestier 64B-R-230 ( P, TEF) ; Ifanadiana, Ambohimanga, Matsitsirano (village le plus proche) [20°45’30”S 47°32’30”E], 10 February 1956, Service Forestier 16078 ( P, TEF) ; Forêt d’Analamazava Ifanadiana, sommet d’une montagne, 15 October 1952, Service Forestier 18-R-248 ( P) ; Ranomafana National Park, plot 3, S of National Road 25 at 7 km W of Ranomafana, 21°15’30”S 47°25’00”E, 950–1150 m, 01 December 1992, Dan Turk, J. Randrianasolo & V. Bernardin 184 ( MO, P) .

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Figures

FIGURE 40. Anisophyllea fallax Scott-Elliot. —A. Flowering branches. —B. Flower bud. —C. Male flower. —D. Petal. —E. Stamen. —F. Male flower in section (Drawn by d’Apreval; reproduced and modified from Chen et al. 2013: 34).

FIGURE 41. Geographical distribution of Anisophyllea fallax Scott-Elliot.