Anisophyllea manausensi

Chen, Xin, He, Hai & Zhang, Li-Bing, 2015, A monograph of the Anisophylleaceae (Cucurbitales) with description of 18 new species of Anisophyllea, Phytotaxa 229 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

38. Anisophyllea manausensi s Pires & W.Rodrigues (1971: 8) ( Figure 74 )

Type :— BRAZIL. Amazonas: between Manaus and Itacoatiara, 04 October 1965, W. A . Rodrigues 7211 (holotype INPA-16114, isotype MG) .

Trees to 25 m tall, 66 cm in diam.; young branches densely pannose with brownish hairs ca. 0.16 mm long, branch tips usually tenuous while rigid and blackish when dry, with pulvini; buds densely pannose. Leaves dimorphic, internodes between similar types of leaves 1.3–3.5 cm, between two adjacent different types of leaves 4–11 mm; small leaves caducous, only leaving scars on young branches; large leaves shortly petiolate, petiole 1–2 mm long, 1.5–2.0 mm in diam., ±terete; leaf blade usually asymmetry, ovate-lanceolate, (9–)13(–17) cm long, (4.5–)6.5(–7.5) cm wide, base oblique, obtuse or broadly acute, apex acute, acuminate or narrowly acuminate, margins often slightly revolute, coriaceous, discolored, blackish when dry adaxially, abaxially pubescent when young, glabrous when mature; main longitudinal veins 7 (6–9), springing from blade base, or with 2–3 inner lateral veins merged with midrib to 3.5 cm above blade base before separated, impressed adaxially and distinctly raised abaxially, outermost two lateral veins very fine, almost confluent with blade margins and usually disappearing into blade margins if 8–9 lateral veins present, slightly prominent on both surfaces; transverse veins numerous, parallel, at angles of 60–70° with midrib; veinlets reticulate, flat and obscure adaxially, slightly prominent and tessellate abaxially. Inflorescence an axillary spike or panicle-like, in serials; rachis rigid, to 12 cm long, base thickened and granulose, densely pubescent, with remotely spaced flowers; bracts 0.5–1.0 mm long, glabrescent, margins ciliate, each with one axillary flower; infructescence, pubescent, to 1.3 mm in diam.; flowers polygamous or unisexual, bisexual or female flowers unknown; male flowers small, sessile, usually 4-merous, rarely 5-merous; sepals ovate, to 1.35 mm long, 1 mm wide, papillose adaxially, pubescent abaxially; petals to 5 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, papillose, margin minutely ciliate, 3-laciniate from 2.0– 2.5 mm above base, with threadlike laciniae 1-veined, tortuous (when dried); stamens 8(–10), equal in length or rarely episepalous 4(–5) slightly longer, filaments 0.7–1.0 mm long, anthers ca. 0.33 mm long; disk sinuate. Fruit a drupe, globose or ellipsoid, 3.5–4.0 cm long, 2.5–3.0 cm in diam., blackish; pericarp 2.5–3.5 cm thick, exocarp 1.0– 1.5 mm thick, coriaceous, mesocarp 1.5–2.0 mm thick, woody-bony. Seed one, to 2 cm long, 1.5–2.0 cm wide.

Flowering and fruiting: —Flowering in October; fruiting without detailed information.

Habitat and distribution: — Lowland rain forests; below 200 m. Brazil (Amazonas); Peru (Loreto) ( Figure 75 ) .

Taxonomic notes: — Anisophyllea manausensis is the second known tropical American species in this genus. It was said to be different from A. guianensis by its sessile leaves and axillary inflorescences ( Pires & Rodrigues 1971). However, based on extensive investigations of herbarium specimens, the two species are not so distinctive in these two characters. Most often the leaves of this species also have very short petioles of 1–2 cm long. It was difficult to judge whether the inflorescences were axillary or otherwise when the very leaves, from which the inflorescences arising, fell early. That might lead to the misidentification of most specimens as A. guianensis , which A. manausensis differs from in the inflorescences mostly coming in serials of spikes or in panicle-like branched spikes, in the rachis with obvious hair line between bracts and their supra-axillary flowers, and in the indumentum in its young branches and buds. More field observations and collections are still needed.

Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Antarctica, Rio Caqueta. Araracuara rastroji 11 anos, 12 Sep. 1990, HansVester 74 ( MO); Rio Caqueta. Bosque maduro terreza baja, 26 February 1991, Vester 272 ( MO); Manaus , Itacoatiara , km 26, 02°53’S, 59°58’W, 20 September 1995, Vicentini A , 1042, INPA 183295 ( K, MO, NY); km 26, 02°53’00”S 059°58’00”W, 21 November 1997, Sothers C. A . 1046- INPA 191760 ( K); Estrada Manaus- Itacoatiara km 125, 04 February 1970, W . Rodrigues 8690 ( MO); Mun. Pres. Figueredo, AM . Canteiro , 1°– 2°S 59°– 60°W, 11 March 1986, C. A . Cid Ferreira et al. 6710 ( MO, NY, US) . PERU. Loreto: Constancia, Quebrada Tamshiyacu , 04°15’00”S 072°45’00”W, 160 m, 29 March 1992, A . Gentry, R . Ortiz, C . Grandez & N . Jaramillo 76547 ( K, MO); Jenaro Herrera , arboretum de terraza alta, 04°59’S, 73°46’W, alt. 120 m, 05 September 1988, Pierre A . Loizeau 874 ( MO); 04°59’S, 076°46’W, alt. 120 m, 7 Sep. 1988, Pierre A . Loizeau 933 ( MO); Maynas , 150 m, 30 May 1978, A . Gentry, C . Diaz & J . Ruiz C . 22343 ( MO, NY); C. I. Jenaro Herrera, Arboretum. 04°53’S, 73°39’W, 125 m, 19 February 1995, Cesár A . Grández & M . Aguilar R . 6051 ( MO); Mishana, Río Nanay halfway between Iquitos and Santa Maria de Nanay, 03°59’31”S 73°27’12”W, alt. 150 m, 30 May 1978, A. H . Gentry, Camilo Díaz S . & Juan Celedonia Ruiz M . 22343 ( MO); Distrito Sargento Lores, Constancia Sur. Bosque primario, 04°09’13”S 072°57’41”W, 116 m, 15 April 1997, Rodolfo Vásquez & et al. 23221 ( MO); Rio Yubineto , tributary of Rio Putumayo , La Colpa , 01°00’S 074°20’W, alt. 150 m, 30 March 1978, Cl. Haxaire 3653 ( MO); Requena, J . Herrera ,

MONOGRAPH OF ANISOPHYLLEACEAE

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CHEN ET AL.

Río Ucayali, 04°55’S, 073°45’W, 22 February 1987, A. H . Gentry & et al. 56355 ( MO); Jenaro Herrera, Arboretum del Centre d’Investigaciones Jenaro Herrera ( CIJH), 04°55’S, 73°45’W, 130 m, 10 August 2005, L . Meinich 14 ( MO); 04°55’S 073°45’W, 125 m, March 1984, Spichiger et al 1970 & 1971 ( MO) .

Figures

FIGURE 74. Anisophyllea manausensis Pires & W.Rodrigues. —A. Flowering branch. —B. Top view of male flower. —C. Lateral view of male flower. —D, E. Stamens. —F. Fruit. —G. Top view of fruit (Drawn by Júlio Dellome Filho; reproduced and modified from Pires & Rodrigues in Acta Amazonica 1(2): 9. 1971).

FIGURE 75. Geographical distribution of Anisophyllea manausensis Pires & W.Rodrigues.