Polygonanthus amazonicus Ducke (1932: 346)

Chen, Xin, He, Hai & Zhang, Li-Bing, 2015, A monograph of the Anisophylleaceae (Cucurbitales) with description of 18 new species of Anisophyllea, Phytotaxa 229 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

1. Polygonanthus amazonicus Ducke (1932: 346) ( Figure 138 )

Type :— BRAZIL. Amazonas : Maués, 05 October 1929, A. Duke 23650 (holotype RB-00543454!, isotypes B, K-000485195!, LIL-000957!, S-09-30893 !, U-0181910!, US-00117550!) .

Trees to 40 m tall, 1 m in diam.; trunk base thick; branches with reddish rugose striae, and usually lenticellate, sparsely to densely hirsute with hairs 0.6–0.8 mm long. Leaves dimorphic, internodes between similar types of leaves 0.8–1.5 cm long, between two adjacent different types of leaves 3–6 mm long; small leaves caducous, only leaving very small scars on young twigs; large leaves subsessile; leaf blade elliptic to oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, 5.0– 7.5 cm long, 1.5–3.5 cm wide, base oblique, acute on one side, obtuse and ±auricular on another side, apex gradually acuminate, margins slightly undulated, sub-coriaceous, glabrous, pale and lustrous abaxially; veins pinnate, midrib bold, prominent adaxially and distinctly raised abaxially, secondary veins eucamptodromous and arising at angles of 65–75° from midrib, or some distal secondary veins brochidodromous, main secondary veins above blade base usually acrodromous, tertiary veins straight, percurrent, at right angles from both sides of secondary veins, quaternary veins form regular polygonal domains, often parallel to secondary veins in elongate sides; veinlets reticulate, tessellate and slightly prominent on both surfaces. Inflorescence supra-axillary or terminal, spike or panicle-spike; rachis to 6 cm long, 0.6 mm in diam., densely pilose with hairs 0.16–0.50 mm long, remotely with flowers (floral internodes 1.2–6.0 mm distant); bracts small, ovate, 0.6–1.0 mm long, membranous, slightly pilose, early deciduous, each with one axillary flower; flower buds sub-globose, to 1.1 mm long, 1 mm in diam., shortly pilose outside; flowers unisexual, 4-merous; female flowers fewer, solitary, green; pedicel 7–8 mm long, with longitudinal black stripes when dry; sepals elongate, 1.9–2.4 cm long, 5.0– 6.5 mm wide, patent or reflexed, 5 longitudinally veined, veins slightly prominent on both surfaces, sparsely puberulent distally; petals deltoid, to 3.5 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, margins ciliate; disks small, glandular, with interstaminal and intrastaminal protrusions; stamens to 2.5 mm long; ovary 4 locules, each locule with an anatropous ovule, styles 4, to 4 mm long, connate from base to middle, distally free; male flowers white, sessile; sepals to 1.9 mm long, 1.6 mm wide at base, glabrous adaxially, ±pilose abaxially, 4–5 veined; petals entire, deltoid, 2.2–2.6 mm long, to 1 mm wide at base, apex acute, with one mid vein, papillate abaxially, margins ciliate; stamens 8, filaments papillate, 2.0– 2.4 mm long, base broadened, ca. 0.3 mm wide, attenuate distally, anthers X-shaped, ca. 0.3 mm; ovary narrowly 4 locules, each locule without ovule; styles 4, subulate, to 1 mm long, 0.19 mm wide, free at base, stigma abortive, reduced to a small dot. Fruits obpyramidal, 1.2–1.5 cm long, with 4 keel-shaped ridges, decurrent to pedicel, pericarp thickly woody, green or brown at maturity, apex with 4 wings (elongated and thickened sepals).

Flowering and fruiting: —November–August.

Habitat and distribution: —Lowland flood forests; below 1000 m. Brazil (Amazonas) ( Figure 139 ).

Vernacular names: — Laranjinha.

Taxonomic notes: —It is the first known species of this genus and only found near Manues of Amazonas in Brazil.

Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Amazonas : Maues , sandy river bank, 28 September 1948, J Murca Pires 1281 ( NY); Maues , beira do rio, 30 November 1946, J Murca Pires 53 ( NY); Manues , Zabelandia , left margin of Rio Maues property of Sr. Henrique Magnani, 16 November 1977, Silva 4486 ( MO, NY, US), 16 November 1977, Nilo T. Silva 4487 ( MO, NY, US); Municipio de Borba , Lower Rio Abacaxis , 04 July 1983, Carol A. Todzia , J. L. Zarucchi , Steven R. Hill , Bruce W. Nelson , C. A. Cid Ferreira , José Guedes & J. Lima dos Santos 2311 ( MO, NY, US); Municipio de Maues , basin of Rio Apoquitaua , lower Rio Pacoval , 26 July 1983, J. L. Zarucchi 3184 ( MO, NY); Municipio De Maues , rio Apoquitaua , acima do lugar Sao Sebasiao , 27 July 1983, C. A. Cid Ferreira 4262 ( MO, NY, US); Municipio de Maues , across Rio Maues from town of Maues , at Fazenda of Magnani family, 03°23’S 057°45’W, 22 July 1983, J. L. Zarucchi et al. 3183 ( NY); Municipio de Maues , basin of Rio Maues, S shore of Rio Urupadi ca 2 km above mouth of Igarape Quininha, 03°46’00”S 057°15’00”W, 20 July

180 • Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press

CHEN ET AL.

MONOGRAPH OF ANISOPHYLLEACEAE

Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 181 1983, J. L. Zarucchi & et al. 3115 ( NY); Municipio de Maues , basin of Rio Apoquitaua , lower Rio Pacoval , 03°47’00”S 058°02’00”W, 26 July 1983, J. L. Zarucchi & et al. 3199 ( NY); Municipio de Nova Olinda , Bacia do Rio madeira, Posto da FUNAI, Vila dos Indios Mundurucus, rio Marimari , 01 July 1983, C. A. Cid Ferreira 3992 ( K, NY, MO, US); Rio Paca, ca. 5 km S of Rio Mari-Mari near Laranjal. 04°07’00”S 059°00’00”W, 02 July 1983, Steven R. Hill & et al. 12922 ( K, MO, NY, US) .

Figures

FIGURE 138. Polygonanthus amazonicus Ducke. Fruiting branch and fruits.

FIGURE 139. Geographical distribution of Polygonanthus amazonicus Ducke (A. Duke 23650; isotype, S-R-10857).